1. Elaborate on a variety of change theories and approaches. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the factors and processes that processes that support educational organization change.

1. The Second Reflection Notes
According to Our Iceberg Is Melting by John Kotte and Holger Rathgeber (2005),
the penguin story elaborated some change theories and approaches. And it also
demonstrated the factors and processes that support organization change. However,
why the factors and processes are important to organization change and how they
implement?
In the processes, the first step is creating the sense of urgency (Burke, 2014). It is
the same as one factor is urgency. The organization change have different types, one
of them is revolutionary (Burke). In my concept, the organization change is mostly
from revolutionary, and it is a sudden event. According to Loogma, Tafel-Viia and
Umarik (2012, p. 287), “the institutionalization/social demand perspective of social
innovation responds to some threat or crisis and tends to create new kinds of
institutions and /or responds to a recognized fear or danger”. It demonstrates that it
should have a pioneer to recognize the problem and trigger the start of change. The
penguin Fred was the pioneer. He saw the urgency and proved it to the leader. Then
they created the guiding team. However, it is not efficient to develop the vision and
strategy only among the members in guiding coalition, it is more important to
communicate with others for understanding and buy-in. It indicates that the leader or
superior group should connect with subordinates, transferring the mission to more and
more employees, in order to transfer the individual concepts and values into collective
principles. In addition, during the process, the leader should persuade subordinates to
understand the change is benefit to all of them. They also need motive subordinates to

2. take more actions combing with the distributed leadership.

3. References
Burke, W. W. (2014). Organization change: Theory and practice (4th Ed.). Thousand
Oaks, CA: SAGE publications, Inc.
Loogma, K., Tafel-Viia, K., &Ümarik, M. (2012). Conceptualising educational
changes: A social innovation approach.Journal of Educational Change, 14(3),
283-301. doi: 10.1007/s10833-012-9205-2
Kotter, J., &H. Rathgeber. (2005).Our iceberg is melting: Changing and succeeding
under any conditions. Basingstoke: Pan Macmillan.