how to store coal in power plants

1. Bulk Storage of Coal – A Modern solution of bulk storage
Coal is a naturallyoccurringcombustiblematerial consisting primarilyof the elementcarbon.Italso
containslowpercentagesof solid,liquid, andgaseoushydrocarbonsand othermaterials,suchas
compoundsof nitrogenandsulfur.Coal isusuallyclassifiedintosubgroupsknownasanthracite,
bituminous,lignite, andpeat.The physical,chemical,andotherpropertiesof coal varyconsiderably
fromsample to sample.
Origins of coal
Coal is oftenreferredtoasa fossil fuel.Thatname comesfromthe wayin whichcoal was originally
formed.Whenplantsandanimalsdie,theynormallydecayandare convertedtocarbon dioxide,water,
and otherproductsthat disappearintothe environment. Otherthana few bones,little remainsof the
deadorganism.
At some periodsin Earth'shistory,however,conditionsexistedthatmade otherformsof decaypossible.
The bodiesof deadplantsand animalsunderwentonlypartial decay.The productsremainingfromthis
partial decayare coal,oil,andnatural gas—the so-calledfossil fuels.
Anthracite: Hard coal; a form of coal withhighheatcontentand a highconcentrationof pure carbon.
Bituminous: Softcoal;a formof coal withlessheatcontentandpure carbon contentthan anthracite,
but more than lignite.
Coke: A synthetic fuel formed by the heating of soft coal in the absence of air.
Combustion: The processof burning;a formof oxidation(reactingwithoxygen)thatoccursso rapidly
that noticeable heatandlightare produced.
Gasification: Any process by which solid coal is converted to a gaseous fuel.
Lignite: Brown coal;a formof coal withlessheatcontentandpure carbon contentthan either
anthracite or bituminouscoal.
Liquefaction: Any process by which solid coal is converted to a liquid fuel.
Oxide: An inorganic compound whose only negative part is the element oxygen.
Peat: A primitive formof coal withlessheatcontentandpure carbon contentthanany formof coal.

2. Strip mining: A methodforremovingcoal fromseamslocatednearEarth's surface.
Coal mining
Coal is extractedfromEarthusingone of twomajor methods: sub-surfaceorsurface (strip) mining.
Subsurface miningisusedwhenseamsof coal are locatedat significantdepthsbelow Earth'ssurface.
The firststepin subsurface miningistodigvertical tunnelsintothe earthuntil the coal seamisreached.
Horizontal tunnelsare thenconstructedoff the vertical tunnel.Inmanycases,the preferredwayof
miningcoal bythismethodiscalled room-and-pillarmining.Inroom-and-pillarmining,vertical columns
of coal (the pillars) are leftinplace asthe coal aroundthemis removed.The pillarsholdupthe ceilingof
the seam,preventingitfromcollapsingonminersworkingaroundthem.After the mine hasbeen
abandoned,however,those pillarsmaycollapse,bringingdownthe ceilingof the seamandcausingthe
collapse of landabove the oldmine.
Surface miningcanbe used whenacoal seamisclose enoughtoEarth's surface to allow the overburden
to be removedeasilyandinexpensively.Insuchcases,the firststepisto stripoff all of the overburdenin
orderto reach the coal itself.The coal isthenscrapedoutby huge powershovels,some capableof
removingupto 100 cubic metersata time.Stripminingisafar saferformof coal miningforcoal
workers,butitpresentsa numberof environmental problems.Inmostinstances,anareathat hasbeen
strip-minedisterriblyscarred.Restoringthe areatoits
Original state canbe a longand expensive procedure.Inaddition,anywaterthatcomesincontact with
the exposedcoal oroverburdenmaybecome pollutedandrequiretreatment.
Uses
For manycenturies,coal wasburned insmall stovestoproduce heatinhomesand factories.Asthe use
of natural gas became widespreadinthe latterpartof the twentiethcentury,coal oil andcoal gas
quicklybecame unpopularsince theywere somewhatsmokyandfoul smelling.Today,the most
importantuse of coal,both directlyandindirectly,isstill asafuel,butthe largestsingle consumerof
coal forthispurpose isthe electrical powerindustry.
The combustion of coal in power-generating plants is used to make steam, which, in turn,
operates turbines and generators. For a period of more than 40 years beginning in 1940, the
amount of coal used in the United States for this purpose doubled in every decade. Although coal
is no longer widely used to heat homes and buildings, it is still used in industries such as paper
production, cement and ceramic manufacture, iron and steel production, and chemical
manufacture for heating and for steam generation.
Anotheruse forcoal isinthe manufacture of coke.Coke isnearlypure carbonproducedwhensoftcoal
isheatedinthe absence of air. Inmost cases,1 tonof coal will produce 0.7 ton of coke inthisprocess.

3. Coke isvaluable inindustrybecause ithasaheat value higherthananyformof natural coal.It is widely
usedinsteelmakingandin certainchemical processes.
Storage shed:
We wouldlike topropose Large SpanSteel Shed,whichcanbe usedto cover ironore;it can builtwitha
span of up to 150 m and heightof up to 40 m.
The constructionsystemsusesmildsteelincase of ironore storage,no weldingisrequiredbecausethe
connectionof the memberconsistsof averyefficientmoment-resistantmechanical joint. Ironore
storage shedmay be builtinsingle- ordouble-layerconfigurations,dependingonthe loadandspan.
Experience suggestslarge spansare requiredin ironore storage ,a-double-layeristhe mostcost-
effective
Iron ore storage shedsare oftenbuiltoveroperatingstockpilessince constructioncanproceedwithout
interruptingoperations.Becauseourerectionprocessdoesnotrequiremachinestobe installedinternal
peripheryof the span.
Roofing of the structure:
Galvalume istypicallyuse forroofingpurpose,Galvalume islustrousspangledappearance is attractive
enoughtobe usedwithoutpainting.The GALVALUMEsheetisa unique productwhichissuitable for
heatingandventilationapplications.Ithasbetterresistance towardsoxidationandcanwithstand
temperaturesupto315°C withoutdiscoloration. Thisfeature of Galvalume enablesustouse on
limestoneshedforroofingpurpose.
KeyFeatures
1. Smooth Surface and uniform spangled appearance
2. Excellent quoting with anti-fingerprint to ensure better appearance and longer life
3. Surface treatment as per ROHS (Restriction On Hazardous Substance) norms
4. Wider thickness range with tighter tolerances to ensure precision in end-applications
Advantage of storage shed:
5. For achieving effective prevention and control of potential fugitive emission
6. Lesser Operation and Maintenance cost
7. Comply with current environmental guidelines by CPCB (Central Pollution control
board)
8. Protection from weird environmental condition

4. Conclusion:
Our Structure isfullyComplyingwithnew environmental regulationsforair quality, Preventionand
control of fugitive emission. Insteadof investingin temporary solution,itisrecommendedtoadopt
permanentsolution.Oursolutionspresentedhere notonlyallow affordablecompliance,butalso
enhance the reputationof yourplant.Inaddition,one time investmentismuchmore economical than
the periodicinvestments