This document discusses using sodium alginate to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. Sodium alginate is obtained from brown algae and can adsorb heavy metal ions while not producing secondary pollution. It has some downsides like low thermal stability and poor mechanical strength. These downsides can be overcome by adding polymers or nanocomposites to sodium alginate to improve its properties. The document also discusses detecting heavy metals in wastewater, various removal methods, why removal is important, and the future focus on developing more effective and sustainable adsorbents.

1. Heavy metal ion removal
from wastewater using
sodium alginate
Presented by
Hifsa

2. Why remove heavy metal ions?
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Heavy metal ions are toxic.
They accumulate inside living organisms’ bodies and disturb normal metabolic
reactions.
250,000 children die from water related diseases every year in Pakistan.
Only 25.61% of population of Pakistan has access to clean drinking water.
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3. How to detect heavy metal ions in wastewater?
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Heavy metal ions can be detected from wastewater using following techniques:
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

4. How to remove heavy metal ions?
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Various methods are used to remove metal ions from wastewater
However, adsorption is the cheapest and usable method on largest scale.
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5. Why Sodium Alginate?
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Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide obtained from brown algae.
Possess water retaining ability
Can adsorb heavy metal ions
Can form composites with other polymers
Do not produce secondary pollution
regeneratable

6. Sodium alginate adsorbents:
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SA gelatin composite
SA Biochar composite
SA chitosan carboxymethylcellulose composite
Chitosan alginate composite
Graphene oxide carbonaceous composite
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7. Downsides of Sodium Alginate:
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Strong hydrophilic character
Low thermal stability
Poor mechanical strength

8. How to overcome downsides of SA?
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Addition of following increases mechanical strength, stability, porosity, surface composition,
pore size, pore volume of SA adsorbent.
Polymers
Nanocomposites
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9. Future FOCUS
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Specific, suitable, metal selective adsorbent synthesis
Cheap adsorbent synthesis
Natural component containing adsorbent synthesis
Synthesis of adsorbents that do not give rise to secondary pollutants
High surface area containing adsorbent

10. Thank you