1. The limbic system is a set of brain structures located in the midbrain and diencephalon that are involved in emotion, behavior, motivation, and memory.
2. Key structures of the limbic system include the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, corpus mamillare, and cingulate gyrus. These structures work together in circuits to regulate emotional responses.
3. Experimental lesions and stimulation of limbic structures in animals have demonstrated their importance for behaviors like aggression, sexuality, and emotional reactivity. Damage or disruption of the limbic system can result in conditions like Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
The hippocampus is connected by the fornix and the perforant path.pdfarihantkitchenmart
The hippocampus is \"connected\" by the fornix and the perforant path to two areas of the brain
which are descriptively named. Identify these areas and indicate the derivation of the
nomenclature. Indicate the type of neural structure to which each is assigned (e.g. striate-cortex=
neocortex). What function is the hippocampus involved in? How might these connections
particularly help mediate this function? Briefly outline the direction of the connections. Describe
how the shape of the thalamus (diencephalon) and brainstem reflect the presence of impinging
cortical structures along the antero-posterior axis. Describe the difference between sheep and
human brains.
Solution
6.The two parts are the posterior part of hippocampus and and the presynaptic part of the
perforant path.
The hippocampus is defined as a a small organ.This organ is usually present within the brain\'s
medial temporal lobe.Moreover it usually forms a very important part of the limbic system.The
main function of this the region is to regulate emotions.It also plays a very important role in the
process of spatial navigation
.The following are the connections involved.The hippocampus is usually a banana-shaped
structure which is present within the temporal lobe and , The main input comes from the part
which is called adjacent entorhinal cortex and on the other hand the the majority of the output is
sent out through the region called as the subiculum.
7.The shape of thalamus and brainstem reflects the presence of impringing cortcial structures
along the antero-posterior axis becase these two usually involves the global cortical effects of
both theta and ripple oscillations.They also include the the anatomical pathways which helps to
link the hippocampus and midline thalamus .This includes the subiculum and entorhinal
cortex,.As a result it results in the functional connectivity between these networks during the
given oscillatory activity.
The difference between sheep and human brain is that a human brain has a rounded shape while
the sheep’s brain is usually elongated.Moreover The olfactory bulb which is present in both is
comparatively larger in the sheep’s brain and it is smaller in the human brain..
Limbic system by Dr.Mrs Sunita M Tiwale, Professor, Dept of Physiology, DYPM...Physiology Dept
Introduction :
Emotions play very important role in our day to day life.
Aid in the survival of individual.
Makes person more successful in the struggle of existence.
These emotions are developed in a specialised system of CNS - Limbic system.
On the medial and ventral surfaces of each cerebral hemisphere is a ring of mostly paleocortex that surrounds a group of deep structures associated with overall behaviour and emotions.
Ring of limbic cortex function as a two-way communication and association linkage between the neocortex and the lower limbic structures.
Many of the behavioural function of the limbic system are also mediated through the reticular nuclei in the brainstem and their associated nuclei.
These are interconnected complex of basal brain elements.
In the middle, hypothalamus is located which is the central elements of the limbic system.
Subcortical components of limbic system includes;
Septum .
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
The hippocampus is connected by the fornix and the perforant path.pdfarihantkitchenmart
The hippocampus is \"connected\" by the fornix and the perforant path to two areas of the brain
which are descriptively named. Identify these areas and indicate the derivation of the
nomenclature. Indicate the type of neural structure to which each is assigned (e.g. striate-cortex=
neocortex). What function is the hippocampus involved in? How might these connections
particularly help mediate this function? Briefly outline the direction of the connections. Describe
how the shape of the thalamus (diencephalon) and brainstem reflect the presence of impinging
cortical structures along the antero-posterior axis. Describe the difference between sheep and
human brains.
Solution
6.The two parts are the posterior part of hippocampus and and the presynaptic part of the
perforant path.
The hippocampus is defined as a a small organ.This organ is usually present within the brain\'s
medial temporal lobe.Moreover it usually forms a very important part of the limbic system.The
main function of this the region is to regulate emotions.It also plays a very important role in the
process of spatial navigation
.The following are the connections involved.The hippocampus is usually a banana-shaped
structure which is present within the temporal lobe and , The main input comes from the part
which is called adjacent entorhinal cortex and on the other hand the the majority of the output is
sent out through the region called as the subiculum.
7.The shape of thalamus and brainstem reflects the presence of impringing cortcial structures
along the antero-posterior axis becase these two usually involves the global cortical effects of
both theta and ripple oscillations.They also include the the anatomical pathways which helps to
link the hippocampus and midline thalamus .This includes the subiculum and entorhinal
cortex,.As a result it results in the functional connectivity between these networks during the
given oscillatory activity.
The difference between sheep and human brain is that a human brain has a rounded shape while
the sheep’s brain is usually elongated.Moreover The olfactory bulb which is present in both is
comparatively larger in the sheep’s brain and it is smaller in the human brain..
Limbic system by Dr.Mrs Sunita M Tiwale, Professor, Dept of Physiology, DYPM...Physiology Dept
Introduction :
Emotions play very important role in our day to day life.
Aid in the survival of individual.
Makes person more successful in the struggle of existence.
These emotions are developed in a specialised system of CNS - Limbic system.
On the medial and ventral surfaces of each cerebral hemisphere is a ring of mostly paleocortex that surrounds a group of deep structures associated with overall behaviour and emotions.
Ring of limbic cortex function as a two-way communication and association linkage between the neocortex and the lower limbic structures.
Many of the behavioural function of the limbic system are also mediated through the reticular nuclei in the brainstem and their associated nuclei.
These are interconnected complex of basal brain elements.
In the middle, hypothalamus is located which is the central elements of the limbic system.
Subcortical components of limbic system includes;
Septum .
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
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Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
2. LINGKUNGAN LUAR
INDIVIDU
MORFOLOGIS *
S U R V I V E
FISIOLOGIS
PERILAKU
* Manusia: ?
LINGKUNGAN DALAM
M
A “MODERN” FUNGSI-FUNGSI S
N (NEOCORTEX) LUHUR U
U OTAK R
S V
I “PRIMITIF” I
A (ARCHICORTEX PELESTARIAN V
+ E
PALEOCORTEX) DIRI SPESIES
(SISTEM LIMBIK)
A
D
A
P
T
A
S
I
18. SYSTEMA LIMBICUM
(SISTEM LIMBIK)
Limbik limbus (border/batas/ambang)
Border structures of both diencephalon
that mainly surround the hypothalamus
FUNGSI: KONTROL AKTIVITAS2 EMOSIONAL & PERILAKU
(amygdaloid body)
Fungsi: berkaitan erat dengan hypothal. (tidak dengan ganglia
basalia)
MEMBANTU PENGENDALIAN PERILAKU YANG SESUAI (appropriate) BAGI
SESEORANG DENGAN WAKTU & SITUASI SOSIALNYA
1. AMYGDALA
19. The main anatomical connections of the amygdala
FRONTAL CEREBRAL
CORTEX CORTEX &
HIPPOCAMPUS
BASOLATERAL CORTICOMEDIAL
AMYGDALA AMYGDALA
CENTRAL NUC.
BRAINSTEM HYPOTHALAMUS
AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
HYPOTHALAMIC-
PITUITARY AXIX
THALAMUS
SENSORY
INFO.
OTHER
AREAS OF
THE BRAIN
To sensory area of
cerebral cortex
To both corticomedial
and basolateral regions
20. AUDITORY
CORTEX
AUDITORY
THALAMUS
AMYGDALA
EMOTIONAL
RESPONSE*
INFERIOR
COLLICULI
EMOTIONAL
STIMULUS
The ‘high road’
The ‘low’ road
Amygdala dan struktur otak lainnya yang terlibat dalam
menghasilkan takut (fear)
-Info. auditoris tidak harus mencapai cortex auditoris dulu
sebelum mencapai amygdala (the ‘high road’)
-Lebih penting melalui rute subkortikal (the ‘low’ road =
bypass/jalan pintas)
* Respon bahaya/alarm
cepat diperlukan untuk
merespon stimulus bahaya
yang potensial
21. 2. HIPPOCAMPUS
Bagian primitif cortex cerebri
(paleo- & archicortex)
FUNGSI:
MENGINTERPRETASI ARTI
PENTING KEBANYAKAN
PENGALAMAN SENSORIS
JIKA (menurut hippoc.) SUATU PENGALAMAN
CUKUP PENTING DISIMPAN DI DALAM
MEMORI (di cortex cerebri)
PENGALAMAN
SENSORIS HIPPOC. MEMORI
(konsolidasi) (short-term memory)
TANPA HPC KEMAMPUAN MENYIMPAN MEMORI TERGANGGU
22. Fungsi: MEMBANTU MENGENDALIKAN BANYAK FUNGSI
PERILAKU
(- Derajat kesiagaan/wakefulness
- Perasaan nyaman/well being)
STIMULASI AREA2 BERBEDA
BERBAGAI MACAM EFEK PERILAKU
(termasuk fenomena amuk: septal rage)
5. GY. CINGULI
INSULA
GY. PARAHIPPOC.
3. CORPUS MAMMILLARE
ASOSIASI ANTARA
FUNGSI2 PERILAKU
SADAR & BAWAH SADAR
SIST. LIMBIK YANG
LEBIH DALAM
4. AREA /NUC. SEPTALIS
Membentuk cincin
cortex cerebri
24. POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FEELINGS THAT PRODUCED
BY PARTICULAR SITUATIONS
(Carlson, 1994)
COMPONENTS: FEELINGS (PRIVATE EXPERIENCE)
BEHAVIORS
- SURVIVAL
- REPRODUCTION
EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN
EMOTION
(Vondarahe cit. Ruch, 1966)
A WAY OF FEELING AND A WAY OF ACTING
A TENDENCY OF ORGANISM TOWARD OR AWAY FROM OBJECT
+ NOTABLE BODILY ALTERATIONS
ELEMENTS: - MOTIVATION
- ALERTNESS
E
M
O
T
I
O
N
