1. THE RICHMOND
LIBERTYTRAIL
Heather Ashline
Master of Urban & Regional Planning Program
L. Douglas Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs
Virginia Commonwealth University
Spring 2015
Capital
Improvements Plan
3. LibertyTrail Creation
Created in April, 2013
LibertyTrail Committee
Greater Richmond Chamber
City of Richmond Department of
Economic & Community Development
Richmond RegionTourism
TheValentine Richmond History Center
9. Richmond
Downtown Plan
“[Downtown improvements should]…celebrate
and promote Richmond’s history with an
aggressive historic preservation program and a
coordinated system of history trails,
museums and interpretive sites.”
-Richmond Downtown Plan, 2009-
14. HeritageTourism
“Traveling to experience the
places, artifacts, and activities
that authentically represent the
stories and people of the past.”
-National Trust for Historic Preservation-
16. New Urbanism
“…urban places should be
framed by architecture and
landscape design that celebrate
local history, climate, ecology,
and building practice.”
-Charter of the New Urbanism, 2001-
17. Walkable Urbanism
“While the physical and social
rewards of walking are many,
walkability is perhaps most useful
as it contributes to urban
vitality and most meaningful as
an indicator of that vitality.”
-Jeff Speck, 2012-
24. VirginiaTourism
Industry
$21 billion Industry
24 thousand jobs
City of Richmond 3rd most visited inVirginia
Heritage tourism ranked among top reasons to visit
Virginia
25. Median household income between $75,000 and $150,000
Majority report an average household size of 1 individual
Visitors most likely to stay for less than 1 week
Day trips are the second most common trip length
Visiting friends and sightseeing are the two most common
reasons for visitingVirginia
Visitor Profile
27. 53 % live in the City of Richmond
47 % live outside of the city
37 % live and/or work Downtown
Most likely to dine or engage in cultural activities while
downtown
Public Outreach
31. “Establishments operating in sectors
which are traditionally highly impacted
by tourism activity.”
-Fretchling & Horvath, 1999-
“…factor[s] which draw tourists away
from their customary environment”
-Lew, 1987-
ATTRACTIONS
KEY ESTABLISHMENTS
32. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
The Library of Virginia
Virginia State Capitol
American Civil War Center
Museum of Confederacy
The Valentine
The Holocaust Museum
St. John's Church
Richmond Region Visitor Center
Maggie Walker House
Poe Museum
John Marshall House
2012 2013
Attendance by
Attraction
34. TopTourism Industry
Sectors
Arts & Entertainment
• Performing Arts, Spectator
Sports & Related Industries
• Museums, Historical Sites &
Similar Institutions
• Amusement, Gambling &
Recreation
Food & Beverage
• Full Service Restaurants
• Limited Service Eating
Places
• Drinking Places
• Food & Beverage Stores
Retail
• Sporting goods, hobby, book
& music stores
• General merchandise stores
• Miscellaneous store retailers
• Electronics & appliance
stores
• Building material & garden
equipment and supplies
dealers
• Health & personal care
stores
• Clothing & clothing
accessories stores
37. Determining PrimaryTrail Sections
Intersection of Proximity to Key Establishments + Attractions
Implementation should be targeted:
High-traffic areas
Proximal to drivers of activity
Near existing or planned multi-modal infrastructure
41. Determining PrimaryTrail Sections
Intersection of Proximity to Key Establishments + Attractions
Implementation should be targeted:
High-traffic areas
Proximal to drivers of activity
Near existing or planned multi-modal infrastructure
51. ProposedTrailhead
Kiosks
Placed at strategic locations
in each district
District history & Sites
Wayfinding
Activity Promotion &
Sponsor Information
55. Proposed PermanentTrail Markers Large: 24” diameter
Small: 12” diameter
District logos included in the
designs
Space for sponsor
information
62. PlanVision
“The inclusion of tangible enhancements
along the LibertyTrail route will serve to solidify
the trail’s regional identity as well as further
connect Richmond’s historic assets.
Aesthetic improvements along the trail route will
be the first step in creating an asset for the City
of Richmond which is appealing to visitors and
local residents alike.”
63. Goal 1:
Implementation of aesthetic trail enhancements
will be completed over the course of several
phases.
64. Identify appropriate phases of implementation.
OBJECTIVE 1.1:
City of Richmond Capital Improvement Program FY 2014-2019
65. Determine accurate traffic levels by district
OBJECTIVE 1.2:
Popular “Friday Cheers” concert series hosted byVenture Richmond
Image Source: Erin Barton, 365richmondva.wordpress.com
67. Goal 2:
The LibertyTrail Committee will garner support for
trail enhancements from key stakeholders and
potential investors.
68. Determine the most effective methods for generating external funding
OBJECTIVE 2.1:
Virginia CapitalTrail signage funding options
Image Source:TheVirginia CapitalTrail Foundation
69. Renew interest in the advantages of the LibertyTrail
OBJECTIVE 2.2:
TheValentine History Center offers guided tours along the trail route in
conjunction with other community events
70. Keep stakeholders and investors informed
OBJECTIVE 2.3:
Example of a formalized web presence
Image Source:The Boston FreedomTrail Foundation
71. Goal 3:
Ensure that the LibertyTrail is accessible to a
variety of populations
72. Enhance accessibility for populations with limited mobility
OBJECTIVE 3.1:
Image Source: U.S. DOT Designing Sidewalks andTrails for Access Best PracticesGuidelines
74. Ensure that self-guided tours are user-friendly
OBJECTIVE 3.3:
TouristTracks provides specialized audio walking tours for cities throughout the United Kingdom
Image Source: http://www.tourist-tracks.com/tours/Canterbury.html
76. EstimatedCost
Base Cost per Unit
Simple Installation
Complex Installation
Total Cost per Unit (20%
Contingency)
Proposed Number of Units
Total Estimated Cost
$3,995
$1,000
$5,000
$5,994-$10,794
20
$119,880-$215,880
Trailhead Kiosks
77. EstimatedCost
Base Cost per Unit
Simple Installation
Complex Installation
Total Cost per Unit (20%
Contingency)
Proposed Number of Units
Total Estimated Cost
$293
$1,000
$2,500
$1,552-$3,352
70
$108,640-$234,640
LargeTrail Markers
78. EstimatedCost
Base Cost per Unit
Simple Installation
Complex Installation
Total Cost per Unit (20%
Contingency)
Proposed Number of Units
Total Estimated Cost
$200
$1,000
$2,500
$1,440-$3,240
461
$663,840-1,493,640
SmallTrail Markers
79. EstimatedCost
Base Cost per Unit
Simple Installation
Complex Installation
Total Cost per Unit (20%
Contingency)
Proposed Number of Units
Total Estimated Cost
$531
$500
$2,000
$1,237-$3,037
191
$236,267-$580,067
Supplementary
Signage
80. Total Cost Estimation
Item Estimated Cost
Trailhead Kiosk
LargeTrail Marker
+
SmallTrail Marker
+
Supplementary Signage
+
Total
$119,880-$215,880
$108,640-$234,640
$663,840-1,493,640
$236,267-$580,067
$1.2 m - $2.5 m
82. Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV PhaseV
Focus Marketing
24” Permanent
Markers Installed at
Each Stop
24” Permanent
Markers Installed at
Each Intersection
Installation of
Trailhead Kiosks &
Supplementary
Signage
12” Permanent Trail Markers
Installed Along the
Remainder of the Trail Route
Implementation
Time Frame
1-3 years 3-5 years 3-5 years 5-7 years 6-10 years
Phase Estimated
Cost
Dependent upon marketing tactics $77,600-$167,600 $31,040-$67,040 $356,147-$795,947 $663,840-$1,493,640
Associated
Objectives
• Identify appropriate phases of
implementation
• Determine accurate traffic
levels by district
• Examine pricing options
• Determine the most effective
methods for generating
external funding
• Renew interest in the
advantages of the Liberty
Trail
• Keep stakeholders and
investors informed
• Enhance
accessibility
for
populations
with limited
mobility
• Engage youth
• Ensure that self-
guided tours are
user-friendly
N/A N/A
83. Conclusion
Providing increased access to historic assets allows visitors and residents
alike to reflect upon their shared history.The City of Richmond is well known
as a city founded on its history, and it is essential that this foundation be
understood. Efforts such as the Richmond LibertyTrail are essential to realizing
this greater goal.
The inclusion of amenities such as permanent trail markers and wayfinding
signage along the LibertyTrail route is the first step
in engaging the community and solidifying the trail’s regional identity. It is
critical that stakeholders in these initial improvements remain involved and
enthusiastic so that the trail may be utilized for expanded purposes in the future.
85. Sources
• AMW DimensionalArt (2006). Metals for Indoor andOutdoor Art. Retrieved from
http://www.dimensionsthruart.com/
• California State Parks (2008). Materials and Processes for Outdoor Interpretive Signs. Retrieved
from http://www.parks.ca.gov/
• Chmura Economics andAnalytics (2014). TourismWorks forVirginia. Retrieved from
www.vatc.org.
• EASIAnalytic (2014). Amusement Index, 2014. Retrieved from www.simplymap.com
• EASIAnalytic (2014). Culture Index, 2014. Retrieved from www.simplymap.com
• EASIAnalytic (2014). Restaurant Index, 2014. Retrieved from www.simplymap.com
• TNSTravels America. (2014). CentralVirginia RegionTravel Profile, 2013. Retrieved from
www.vatc.org.
• TNSTravels America (2014). Travel Profile toVirginia, 2013. Retrieved from www.vatc.org.
• U.S.Travel Association. (August, 2014). The Economic Impact of DomesticTravel onVirginia
Counties, 2013. Retrieved from www.vatc.org.
• University of Delaware Institute for PublicAdministration (August, 2010). Healthy Communities:
TheWalkability AssessmentTool. Retrieved from http://www.ipa.udel.edu/
86. Sources
• Barnett, J. (2011). A Short Guide to 60 of the Newest Urbanisms. Planning, 77(4), 19-21.
• Charter of the New Urbanism. (2001, January 1). Retrieved November 4, 2014, from
http://www.cnu.org/charter
• The Constitutional Foundation (2005). “The ConstitutionalWalkingTour of Philadelphia Master
Plan”.
• Cultural HeritageTourism. (2011, January 1). Retrieved November 4, 2014, from
http://www.culturalheritagetourism.org/
• Goody, Clancy (1995). “The FreedomTrail Study for a RenewalVision.” Developed by Goody,
Clancy and Associates for the Boston National Historic Park.
• Speck, J. (2012). Walkable city: how downtown can save America, one step at a time. NewYork:
Farrar, Straus and Giroux
• UrbanWayfinding Planning and Implementation Manual. (2013, January 1). Retrieved November
4, 2014, from
http://www.thesignagefoundation.org/Portals/0/UrbanWayfindingPlanningImplementationMan
ualWebsite.pdf
Editor's Notes
-The trail was created in April, 2013 as the result of a grass-roots effort led by professionals in the business, history, and tourism communities, listed below.
-The primary client for this plan is the Greater Richmond Chamber, as the Chamber has played a key role in funding initial trail development and marketing initiatives, and the Liberty Trail Committee exists under the GRC umbrella
-After the trail’s formation, it was gifted to the City of Richmond as it is located entirely on city property. Therefore, the City of Richmond Department of Economic and Community Development is the secondary client for this project
-After receiving a $10,000 grant from the Greater Richmond Chamber, the Liberty Trail Committee developed marketing tools, including a mobile app, to promote the trail. Part of the funding also went towards repainting the trail earlier this year
-The trail was created in April, 2013 as the result of a grass-roots effort led by professionals in the business, history, and tourism communities, listed below.
-The primary client for this plan is the Greater Richmond Chamber, as the Chamber has played a key role in funding initial trail development and marketing initiatives, and the Liberty Trail Committee exists under the GRC umbrella
-After the trail’s formation, it was gifted to the City of Richmond as it is located entirely on city property. Therefore, the City of Richmond Department of Economic and Community Development is the secondary client for this project
-After receiving a $10,000 grant from the Greater Richmond Chamber, the Liberty Trail Committee developed marketing tools, including a mobile app, to promote the trail. Part of the funding also went towards repainting the trail earlier this year
-The trail was created in April, 2013 as the result of a grass-roots effort led by professionals in the business, history, and tourism communities, listed below.
-The primary client for this plan is the Greater Richmond Chamber, as the Chamber has played a key role in funding initial trail development and marketing initiatives, and the Liberty Trail Committee exists under the GRC umbrella
-After the trail’s formation, it was gifted to the City of Richmond as it is located entirely on city property. Therefore, the City of Richmond Department of Economic and Community Development is the secondary client for this project
-After receiving a $10,000 grant from the Greater Richmond Chamber, the Liberty Trail Committee developed marketing tools, including a mobile app, to promote the trail. Part of the funding also went towards repainting the trail earlier this year
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-Finally, there are two precedent plans which will serve as guides for current plan implementation
-The first is the Boston Freedom Trail Master plan
-The Richmond Liberty Trail was largely inspired by the success of the Boston Freedom Trail, which has been in place since 1951 and also began as a grass-roots movement.
-The trail now boasts a formalized parent organization as well as an annual attendance of over 4 million people
-The second precedent plan is the Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia Master Plan
-The Constitutional Walking Tour wasa also inspired by the Boston Freedom Trail’s success
-The master plan was developed in 2005 and includes detailed descriptions of the procedure of developing effective signage and permanent markers, much along the same lines as what the current plan seeks to accomplish
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-The National Trust for Historic Preservation has developed best practice guidelines for emphasizing historic assets within urban areas in order to maximize economic vitality
-these strategies will inform the design of both the permanent markers and wayfinding system for the trail
-additionally, strategies outlined in these guidelines for effective engagement of stakeholders will be employed when reaching out to the business community
-The central applied theory of my plan is New Urbansim
-Although the tenants of New Urbansim typically apply to neighborhood settings, the Charter of the New Urbanism stipulates that urban places should, among other important goals, celebrate local history
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-The trail is 6.2 miles long and connects to both the Richmond Slave Trail and the Richmond portion of the Virginia Capital Trail
-The trail route is primarily located downtown and along the riverfront, and encompasses 50 historic sites within the city
-The current markers are temporary, and have to be spraypainted on. Sidewalk improvements and changes in the weather mean that these markers require frequent maintenance
-Grants from the Greater Richmond Chamber Foundation have funded certain aspects of trail development and maintenance, but the majority of funding has come from private donations, both cash and in-kind. In-kind donations include media coverage, volunteers, and supplies, such as spray paint and marketing kits
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
-Secondly, the theory of Heritage Tourism will inform the goals and methods of the proposed plan
-Heritage tourism is defined as traveling to experience the past by the National Trust for Historic Preservation
