Nursing

1. Normal Adolescence Age
Introduction
• Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and young
adulthood—a time of rapid physical, cognitive, social, and emotional
maturation.
• Puberty refers to the maturational, hormonal, and growth process that
occurs when the reproductive organs begin to function and the secondary
sex characteristics develop.
- So, the adolescents & their parents need the nurse’s assistance &
support & guidance in understanding & facilitating health-promoting
behaviors to make this transition successfully.
• Early adolescence (ages 11 to 14)
• Middle adolescence (ages 15 to 17)
• Late adolescence (ages 18 to 20)

2. Physical Growth
- A constant phenomena associated with sexual maturation & dramatic
increase in growth.
- The adolescent growth is spurt (rapid growth).
- Adolescent growth spurts last about 2-3 years
Weight
- The average boy gains 7 to 30 kg
- The average girl in whom growth spurt gains 7 to 25 kg
Height
- Birth length triples by about age of 13 years old.
- The average boy gains 10-30 cm
- The average girl in whom growth spurt is slower gains 5-20cm

3. Physiological Growth
- Pulse …reach adult value (average 100/min).
- Respiration………………….16-20c/min.
- Blood pressure ……120/76 mmHg
- Temperature …………………. 36.5-37c.

4. Maturational Changes
•
Boys
Girls
Breast tissue swelling & testes enlarge
Breast tissue develops & increases in beast size
 Pubic hair & auxiliary's hair begins to
grow
 Facial hair grows
Pubic hair & auxiliary's hair begins to grow
Sexual maturation (spermatogenesis)
Sexual maturation (menstruation) menarche,
which occurs between the ages of 12-13 years old.
 Boys begin to have bigger muscle
mass.
 Rapid growth in shoulder Breadth
Girls begin to fat deposition
Voice begins to change (as the larynx
enlarges)
Sweat glands function increase
Sweat glands function increase
Rapid increase in height.
Rapid increase in weight & height.

5. Motor Development
Increase in gross muscle mass & fine motor
coordination.
More adept at sports.
Greater physical endurance & especially with
fitness training.
Greater skill in drawing, & swimming.
Boys may continue to increase in muscle
mass for competitive sports.

6. Cognitive Development
Formal operations (ages12 to 16 yeas)
 The adolescent is capable to deal with ideas, abstracts concepts
described only in words' or symbols.
 During this stage of cognitive development the individual's thinking
move to possibly venture into such topics as achieving world
peace, finding justice, and seeking meaning in life
 The person of this age understand jokes based on double meaning
& enjoys reading & discussing theories & philosophies .
 Adolescent can observe & then draw logical conclusions from their
observation.

7. Psychosexual Development
Adult sexuality stage: from 11 to 18 years
- Developing sexual maturity & leering to
develop satisfactory relationship with the
opposite gender.

8. Psychosocial Development
Identity versus role confusion (age 12 to 18 year)
 The foundation provided by
family, religion, groups, & school
is still a string influence but the
peer group exerts tremendous
power.
 Can make independent judgment.
 Attends school primarily for peer
association
 The most stage unstable &
challenging regarding
development of personal identity
 Low self-esteem in common.
 Conflicts with parents increase.
 Sexual experiences begin.
 Moody.
 Peer groups are the most
important.
 Intensely private.
 Decision maker

9. Factors Affecting Growth &
Development for Adolescent
 Heredity
 Environment
 Socioeconomic
 Race
 Climate
 Exercise
 Emotional
 Hormonal
 Illness
 Position in family
Health Problems
 Pre- Menstrual Syndrome
 Dysmenorrheal
 Masturbation
 Fatigue
 Obesity (eating disorders )
 Acne Vulgaris
 Hyperthyroidism

10. Psychological Problems
 Suicidal thought
 Abuse
 Moody
 Schizophrenic reaction
Adolescent Needs
 Personality integration
 Guidance
 Communication
 Peers from the opposite
sex
 Breast self examination
 Privacy
 Safety education