2. 2 / II-SDV, April 20, 2015
► The concept of “Smart City” describes a city with
• industries in the fields of information and
communication technologies (ICT) and
• industries using ICT in their production processes
(Commissioner General for Sustainable Development,
2012)
► Objective of the study:
What does the landscape of “smart city” technologies
look like?
Smart City
3. 3 / II-SDV, April 20, 2015
What does the landscape of “smart city” technologies
look like?
► Answer this question using patent data:
• Worldwide Patent Statistical Database (Patstat), EPO,
April 2014
► Indicators calculated as the count of patent
applications published
► Dimensions studied
• Technological domains
• Patent Offices
• Applicant’s origin (country)
4. 4 /
Methodology of the study
1st step: Preliminary work on
all the Patstat
database
Selection of Patent Offices
Check publications on Patstat to
select Patent Offices which will
represent the world (the total of
publications): 71 Offices
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
5. 5 /
Methodology of the study
2nd step: How to build the “Smart
City” corpus?
“Smart city” corpus
Construction of the “smart city” corpus of
patent applications published with a
CGSD (2012) definition and an expert of
the domain (patent examiner)
Main Patent Offices studied
Choosing the main Patent Offices which
will be studied
Check on these main Patent Offices
studied
Check presence of applicant and
presence of country of applicant to refine
the previous selection
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
6. 6 /
►How to build a pertinent and unambiguous corpus of patent applications
relating to “Smart city”?
“Smart city” corpus
Smart
city
Smart transports
Smart energy
networks
Smart services
Smart buildings
Digital spaces
Information systems
Urban functionality
Problem encountered: no filter
possible for these 3 domains even
combining CPC and keywords
Methodological choice:
exclude these 3 domains to ensure
the quality of the study
Concept
examined
Definition used:
Commissioner General for
Sustainable Development,
2012
Methodology:
A patent examiner using the Y
symbol of the CPC (new
technological developments)
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
7. 7 /
►Which main Patent Offices will be studied?
Main Patent Offices studied
Smart
city
Smart transports
Smart energy
networks
Smart services
Smart buildings
WIPO
EPO
USPTO
JPO
SIPO
KIPO
DPMA
IP Australia
CIPO
TIPO
UK IPO
INPI France
INPI Brazil
ROSPATENT
IMPI
15 main Patent Offices
represent 98% of all patent
applications published in the
“Smart city” corpus:
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
8. 8 /
►Could we study applicant’s country of origin in these15 main Patent Offices?
3 Patent Offices excluded because of the lack of applicant presence or
origin:
Check on the main Patent Offices studied
Patent Offices
with the presence
of applicant
Patent Offices
with the presence
of applicant
country code
Patent
Office
Presence of applicant Presence of applicant country code
AU
Complete or nearly complete (less than 0,5%
missing) 98,7% missing
CN
4% missing
complete all over the period except 9% in 2011
and 15% in 2013
65,9% missing
Nearly complete until 2004 (0-3% missing)
7% missing in 2005 to 66,5% in 2009
100% missing since 2010
JP
11% missing
From 4 to 10% missing between 1998 and 2007
10-15% missing between 2008 and 2012
45% missing in 2013 99,9% missing
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
9. 9 /
General Results: Smart city between 1998 and 2012
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
Smart
city
71 markets (Patent Offices)
116 148 patent applications published
0.5% of all the patent applications published
54 731 patent families
2.12 patent
applications by
family
10. 10 / II-SDV, April 20, 2015
General Results: Smart city domains?
49%
32%
12%
7%
Smart city publications in 71 Patent Offices between
1998 and 2012 by smart city domain (%)
Smart
buildings
Smart energy
networks
Smart
transports
Smart
services
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
11. 11 / II-SDV, April 20, 2015
General Results: Concrete technological domains?
Smart city publications in the 71 Patent Offices between 1998 and 2012
32,4%
16,4%
11,9%
18,4%
3,5% 2,9%
5,6%
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
by WIPO technological sub-domain (%)
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
84%
8%
7%
0,5% 0,5%
by WIPO technological domain (%)
Electrical
engineering
Mechanical
engineering
Instruments
Chemistry
Others
12. 12 / II-SDV, April 20, 2015
General Results: Smart city trend between 1998 and 2012
2 849
3 534
4 686
6 085
6 960
8 945
12 545
18 738
0,3%
0,4%
0,5%
0,6%
0,7%
0,8%
0,9%
1,0%
0,0%
0,2%
0,4%
0,6%
0,8%
1,0%
1,2%
-
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
20 000
Publication years
Patent applications (number)
Share of smart cities
publications in the all patent
applications published (%)
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
13. 13 / II-SDV, April 20, 2015
General Results: Year-on-year change in smart city
4%
12%
-1%
14%
4%
9% 5%
2% 2%
6%
2%
0%
2%
11%
7%
13%
0%
24%
10%
15%
3%
10%10%
14%
18%
14%
17%19%
-2%
3%
8%
13%
18%
23%
28%
1998-
1999
1999-
2000
2000-
2001
2001-
2002
2002-
2003
2003-
2004
2004-
2005
2005-
2006
2006-
2007
2007-
2008
2008-
2009
2009-
2010
2010-
2011
2011-
2012
Publication years
Variation of all technologies Variation of smart city
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
14. 14 / II-SDV, April 20, 2015
Patent Offices: Smart city markets in 1998 and 2012?
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
1998
2012
15. 15 /
Applicants: Specialization of applicants in 12 Patent Offices
in 2012
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation
based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
-
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
Smart
buildings
Smart
services
Smart energy
networks
Smart
transports
French German British
Applicants
-
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
Smart
buildings
Smart
services
Smart energy
networks
Smart
transports
Canadian American
Applicants
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
Smart
buildings
Smart
services
Smart
energy
networks
Smart
transports
Korean Taiwanese
Applicants
16. 16 /
Only indicators
superior to 3%
Source : INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
Applicants
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
Applicants strategies in smart city in 2012
17. 17 /
Focus on French applicants: French applicants strategies in
smart city in 2012
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
NORTH
AMERICA
Mexico
0,2%
EPO
24,7%
France
31,1%
AFRICA
Korea
8,9%
WIPO
Germany
0,5%
LATIN
AND
SOUTH
AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA
WIPO
20,7%
Canada
0,2%
Brasil
0,2%
Russia
0,7%
Taiwan
2%
USA
8,2%
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
18. 18 /
Focus on French applicants: Main French key players
between 1998 and 2012
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
Source: INPI 2014 (calculation based on PATSTAT-April 2014)
19. 19 /
Further information on INPI work on
patents:
http://www.inpi.fr/fr/services-et-
prestations/ressources-
documentaires/etudes.html
efortune@inpi.fr
Thank you!
II-SDV, April 20, 2015
