1. 1 | P a g e
DOCTOR OF BUSINESS- HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
THE EFFECT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE:
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LINKS BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND
PERFORMANCE- Case Study at California Gardens in Saudi Arabia
Student: Hassan Halujy Ammar
Supervisor: Dr.Alexia Elula
Submitted in fulfilment of the award of
Doctor of Business- Human Resource Management

2. 2 | P a g e
Abstract
The study of the impact of training on the job performance sparked interest among many
researchers during the last two decades. However, very little deals directly with how firms
practices influence performance. Also, most of the reviewed articles on such matter are
conceptual rather than empirical in nature. As a result, many firms continue to struggle
attempting to link it to overall business performance. It is against this back drop that this
research seeks to fill this void by conducting case study at operating firms in Saudi Arabia.
As such the research titled, “The effect of training and development in enhancing
performance: An investigation into the links between job satisfaction and performance- Case
Study – California Gardens in Saudi Arabia

3. 3 | P a g e
Acknowledgment
I would like to sincerely thank everyone who has stimulated and supported me to pursue and
complete further studies in an area I have always been passionate about- Human Resource
Management. I wish to acknowledge the helpful contribution of many people in California
Gardens especially Mr. Ahmad Mumtaz.
Most Importantly, I would like to thank Dr, Alexia, my research Supervisor, for her continuous
support. I enjoyed the freedom and responsibility she bestowed on me to pursue the research
my own way. Continuously, Dr. Alexia advised me to consider broader issues in my area of
research and constantly challenged me to think out of the box. I sincerely want to thank Dr.
Alexia her valuable guidance and wisdom, for it was a great privilege for me to be supervised
by her. Thank you very much Dr. Alexia
I would also would like to thank my lovely wife who have been major support in this regards.
Without her continuous encouragement and moral support, this research would not have been
completed.

4. 4 | P a g e
Table of Content
Abstract………………………………………………………………………..2
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………….3
CHAPTER I- Introduction …………………………………………………….8
1.1 Background and Rational………………………………………………….9
1.2 Financial Factors…………………………………………………………...9
1.3 Background of the Organization ……………………………………….....10
1.4 Aim and Purpose of the Study…………………………………………….11
1.5 Research limitation………………………………………………………..12
1.6 Ethical Consideration ……………………………………………………..12
CHAPTER 2- Literature Review ……………………………………………...13
2.1 An Overview ………………………………………………………………13
2.2 Definition of Job Satisfaction ……………………………………………..14
2.2.1 History of Job Satisfaction ………………………………………………15
2.2.2 Hawthorne Studies……………………………………………………….17
2.3 Types of Training ………………………………………………………….18
2.3.1 Training and Development ……………………………………………...20
2.4 Parameter for Job Satisfaction …………………………………………….22
2.5 Impact of Job Satisfaction …………………………………………………24
2.6 Individual outcomes………………………………………………………..25
2.7 Organizational Structures for Training and Development…………………27
2.7.1 Employee Development…………………………………………………28
2.7.2 Role of Human Resources Practices…………………………………….29
2.8 Techniques for Development of Innovation ………………………………31
2.8.1 Training and Development and Socialization……………………………31
2.8.2 Current HR Practice Related to efficiency………………………………33
2.9 Training and Development Trends in Saudi Arabia……………………….34

5. 5 | P a g e
2.10 Return to Training Investment………………………………………..35
2.10.1 ROI from Different Perspective…………………………………….36
2.10.2 ROI Draw Backs…………………………………………………….38
2.11 Chapter Summary……………………………………………………..39
CHAPTER THREE- Research Methodology- ……………………………..40
3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………….40
3.2 Research Philosophy…………………………………………………….41
3.2.1 Ontology………………………………………………………………42
3.2.2 Strategies and Choices………………………………………………..44
3.3.1 Summary Design………………………………………………………45
3.4 Data Collection Methods………………………………………………..46
3.4.1 Data Collection through Questionnaire……………………………….47
3.5 CASE STUDY- California Gardens…………………………………….48
3.5.1 Job Satisfaction in California Gardens………………………………...49
CHAPTER FOUR- Research Findings and Analysis……………………….50
4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………..50
4.2 Analysis of the Questionnaire…………………………………………..50
4.3 Discussion of Findings………………………………………………….70
4.4 Reasons for Job Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction…………………………74
4.5 Summary of the Managerial Interview………………………………….75
CHAPTER FIVE – Conclusion…………………………………………….76
5.1 Factors that affected job Satisfaction……………………………………77
5.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………….78
5.3 Personal Opinion and Suggestion ……………………………………..78

6. 6 | P a g e
References…………………………………………………………..80
Appendix……………………………………………………………86
Survey Questionnaire……………………………………………….86
Interview Questions…………………………………………………89

7. 7 | P a g e

8. 8 | P a g e