2. ZONING!!!
Zoning is the application of common sense and fairness to public regulation governing the use of
private land. Zoning can be defined as the creation by law of the zones such as residential,
commercial, industrial, civic, institutional and recreational in which regulations prevent misuse
of lands and buildings and limit their height and densities of population differing in different
zones. While planning a city the area of town can be divided into following zones:
1. Industrial zone
2. Administrative zone
3. Business zone
4. Open space
5. Residential zone
a) Different zone for different height
b) Zone for single family
c) Zone for two family
d) Zone for apartment houses
6. Recreational zone
7. Local administrative zone
8. Agricultural zone.
4. The objects or purposes of zoning are
as follows.
• To lessen congestion in streets.
• To secure safety of fire and other hazards.
• To promote health and general welfare.
• To provide adequate light and air.
• To protect the value of property.
• To prevent over-concentration of population.
• To facilitate transportation, water supply, sewerage, schools, parks etc.
• To encourage the most appropriate use of land.
• The town planner gets ample opportunities for designing the future
growth and development of town.
• Zoning proves to be an effective instrument in case of any review or
modification in order to make town planning scheme more effective and
successful.
5. Principles of Zoning
1. Arrangement of zones
2. Boundaries
3. Existing towns
4. Flexibility
5. New towns
6. Principles of Zoning
1. Arrangement of zones
• The usual pattern of zones is in central area and undeveloped area. The other pattern of zones would be to
provide blocks or units for various uses in different parts of the town.
• 2. Boundaries
• The design of boundaries for different zones should be carefully made. A railway line or a park or an open
green space may prove to be satisfactory boundary.
• 3. Existing towns
• When zoning is to be applied to an existing town, the information regarding the existing use of land is
gathered and as far as possible, the town is divided into zones by considering the predominant use in the
particular areas.
• 4. Flexibility
• The principles of zoning may be rigidly enforced. But at the same time, care should be taken to observe
flexibility in working out the details for zoning. For instance, homes should be very near to places of work to
reduce time of travel. Similarly, the small shopping centres for day today requirements should be allowed in
residential zone.
• 5. New towns
• For designing a new town of known population, the areas required for residence, industry and business are
worked out with the help of suitable methods. The town is divided into suitable zones.
12. CLASSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS
1. Detached houses
2. Semi-detached houses
3. Row of houses
4. Apartments or flats
5. Skyscrapers
Arguments for and against the skyscrapers???
14. For computing FSI, following items are not added in
the total Built up area
• Parking spaces without any enclosure, with a clear height
of 2.4m
• Spaces of hollow plinth with maximum height of 2.8m
• Electrical cabin or substation
• Security cabin up to 4 sqm
• Staircase
• Ramp
• Lift well
• Interior open spaces and ducts
15. Housing issues in India
1. It is estimated that the housing
shortage is currently around 73.6
million units, of which 26.3 million is
urban. In addition, over 93 million
people live in urban slums without
adequate access to clean water,
sanitation and security of tenure
2. The housing problems and the
housing needs are manifested in
overcrowding, poor and inadequate
social amenities, unsatisfactory and
unwholesome environmental
conditions and urban squalor, the
absence of open space, the
development of land area leading to
overcrowding of buildings,
inaccessibility within residential
16. What causes the problem of housing?
• India's urban housing shortage is more
a result of congestion, lack of tenure
security, and inadequate basic
services in existing informal housing,
rather than the lack of material housing
structures itself.
• There are many factors for housing
problem, such as population growth,
land supply, economy, interest rate,
employment opportunity, income level,
availability of finance, capacity of the
construction industry, government
regulations and policies, property taxes
and fees, etc.
17. Measures to Solve the Problem of Housing in
India
• Institutional Finance for
Housing: ...
• Village Housing Scheme:
• Research and
Development:
• Rural House-Site-cum-
House Construction
Scheme:
• Indira Awas Yogana (lAY)
• State Housing Boards:
• Valmiki Ambedkar Awas
Yojana (VAMBAY):
18. Trends in multistory buildings
1. Earlier the height of the building was restricted to the 6 storey and the builders were
reluctant to do so because tenants not accepting to climb this much of height
2. The thickness of the walls was also directly proportional to the height of the building
3. The tallest load bearing masonry wall structure is the 17-storey monadmoch building
in Chicago which was having width of the wall at the ground floor = 1830mm
4. Tallest building(169m height) in 1888 was Kn Washington in USA , construction
required 40years and an elevator of 70sec travel
5. In 1929, tallest opera house in Chicago having 45storey made from limestone and a
capacity of 3563 people
6. The worlds tallest steel framed structure in Chicago and is height is 443m with
110storey.
7. The Petronas towers in Malaysia constructed in 1996 having worlds tallest office
building with 88storey and a total height of 451.9m
8. And so on….
19. Location of public buildings
Factors should be examine at the time of site selection
1. Foreground
2. Grouping
1. Administrative buildings
2. Educational buildings
3. Health institutes
4. Recreation centers
5. Social institutions
3. Monumental buildings
4. Parking space
5. Purpose
20. Civic aesthetics of public buildings
1. Constructive measures
2. Destructive measures
3. Preventive measures
