Business intelligence and data analytics involve analyzing data to extract useful information for decision making. BI tools provide trend analysis from multiple data sources, while BI technologies provide historical, current, and predictive views. BI architecture organizes data, information management, and technology components, while frameworks provide standards. Challenges include continuous availability, data security, cost, increasing users, new areas like operational BI, and performance/scalability. Leading vendors provide solutions like Google, Microsoft, Oracle, SAS, SAP, IBM, EMC, HP, and Teradata.