The document summarizes the three main types of plate boundaries: convergent boundaries, where two plates collide; divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart; and transform boundaries, where two plates slide past each other. Convergent boundaries can involve subduction and result in mountain building. Divergent boundaries create new crust and can form undersea ridges or inland rifts. Transform boundaries cause earthquakes as stress builds up from friction between sliding plates.

2. Plate Boundaries

3. Group Members
 Fahad Zaman BSCET01183094
 M.Imran BSCET01193031
 Altaf Hussain BSCET01193054
 Ch Awais BSCET01193004
 Mubashir Shah BSCET01193015

4. Contents
 Introduction
 Types
 Convergent Boundaries
 Divergent Boundaries
 Transform Boundaries

5. Introduction
 The surface of the Earth is divided into
rigid blocks, called tectonic plates that
are bounded by narrow regions of high
deformation called plate boundaries.
Tectonic plates are comprised of both
crust (oceanic or continental) and
mantle rock and owe their rigidity to the
stiffness of mantle rock at low
temperatures.

7. Types of Plate Boundaries
There are three main types of plate
boundaries:
 Convergent Boundaries
 Divergent Boundaries
 Transform Boundaries

8. Convergent boundaries
 Where two plates are colliding.
 Subduction zones occur when one or
both of the tectonic plates are composed
of oceanic crust. The denser plate is
subducted underneath the less dense
plate. The plate being forced under is
eventually melted and destroyed.

10. Classification of Convergent boundaries
 Where oceanic crust meets ocean crust.
 Where oceanic crust meets continental
crust
 Where continental crust meets
continental crust

11. Where oceanic crust meets ocean crust
 Island arcs and oceanic trenches occur
when both of the plates are made of
oceanic crust. Zones of active seafloor
spreading can also occur behind the
island arc, known as back-arc basins.
These are often associated with
submarine volcanoes.

13. Where oceanic crust meets continental crust
 The denser oceanic plate is sub ducted,
often forming a mountain range on the
continent. The Andes is an example of
this type of collision.

15. Where continental crust meets continental crust
 Both continental crusts are too light to
sub duct so a continent-continent
collision occurs, creating especially
large mountain ranges. The most
spectacular example of this is the
Himalayas.

17. Divergent boundaries
 Where two plates are moving apart.
 The space created can also fill with new
crustal material sourced from molten
magma that forms below. Divergent
boundaries can form within continents
but will eventually open up and become
ocean basins.

19. Classification of Divergent boundaries
 On Land
 Under the Sea

20. On land
 Divergent boundaries within continents
initially produce rifts, which produce rift
valleys.

22. Under the sea
 The most active divergent plate
boundaries are between oceanic plates
and are often called mid-oceanic ridges.

24. Transform boundaries
 Where plates slide passed each other.
 The relative motion of the plates is
horizontal. They can occur underwater or
on land, and crust is neither destroyed nor
created.
 Because of friction, the plates cannot
simply glide past each other. Rather, stress
builds up in both plates and when it
exceeds the threshold of the rocks, the
energy is released – causing earthquakes.

26. Any questions