An_introduction_to_hydrograp

1. ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
:
‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
An Introduction to:
Hydrographic Surveying
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬
/

2. ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
:
‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
An Introduction to:
Hydrographic Surveying
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬
Gomaa M. Dawod
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬
‫ﻫـ‬
/

4. ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﺿ‬
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺻ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺷﺭﻁ‬
‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺑﺧ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺅ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬
.
______
__________________________
_____________________
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
-
‫ﻛﻣﺭﺟ‬
–
‫ﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺇﺗﺑ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺟ‬
‫ﺗ‬
:
‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
:
، ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
،
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺭ‬ ،
.
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
:
Dawod, Gomaa M., 2018, An Introduction to Hydrographic
Surveying (in Arabic), Cairo, Egypt.
______
______
_
___
_____________________________________

5. ‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
﷽
، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻧ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺩ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻥ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
.
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﺩ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﻝ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻝ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
)
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧﺗ‬
.
‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻛﺭ‬ ‫ءﺗﻧ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻧﺩﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻧ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺑﺷﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﻛ‬
-
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
.
‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺛ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻧ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
)
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺱ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬
‫ﺗﺧﺻﺹ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬
.
‫ﺃﺻﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻝ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺳﻧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﺷ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
.
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬
‫ﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳ‬
‫ﻋﺷﺭ‬
-
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺿﻝ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺿ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻐ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺻﺻ‬
‫ﻧﺗﺭﻧ‬
.
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺩ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ، ‫ﺩ‬
-
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺟﺩ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻁ‬
-
‫ﺑﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳﺑ‬
:
https://www.facebook.com/Dr.GomaaDawod/
﷽
.....
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻧ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
....
‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬
:
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺭ‬

6. ‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻛﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺩﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﺩﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺗ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺹ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬
)
‫ﻧﺗﺭﻧ‬
:(
Amr Nabil (https://www.facebook.com/amrnobil)
Khalid Salah (https://www.facebook.com/khalidsala7)

7. ‫ﺇﻫﺩﺍ‬
‫ء‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺩﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
:
‫ﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻧﺗ‬
‫ﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﻳﺩﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬

8. ‫ﺥ‬
‫ﻣﺅﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬
-
‫ﻣﺩﺧﻝ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
-
‫ﻣﺩﺧﻝ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
-
‫ﻣﺩﺧﻝ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
-
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻁ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬
-
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺱ‬
-
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺋ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺗﻛﺱ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
:
‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬ ‫ﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
-
‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺱ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺷ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺱ‬
-
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺗﻛﺱ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
-
‫ﺗﻛﺱ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬
)
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻹﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬
:
-
‫ﺑﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑ‬
:
https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ci4ujfp7l4bqg/Gomaa_Dawod_Books
-
‫ﺑﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
:
http://nwrc-egypt.academia.edu/GomaaDawod
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺑﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gomaa_Dawod
‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻛﺛﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺑﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
:
https://www.youtube.com/c/GomaaDawod

9. ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺋﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺧ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻹ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺋﻣ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺋﻣ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
:
‫ﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
-
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬
-
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬
-
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬
-
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻛﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﻳ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬
-
-
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬
-
-
-
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
-
-
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬
-
-
‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
-
-
-
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
-
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬
-
-
-
‫ﻣﻝ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
-
‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬
-
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬

10. ‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
-
-
‫ﻛﺳﻝ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﺑﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬
‫ﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
:
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﻳ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﻷﺷ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺛﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
‫ﺻﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
-
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻊ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻭﺟﻳ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﻳ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
-
‫ﻣﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
-
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
-
-
‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
-
-
‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺋﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
-
-
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺟ‬ ‫ﺻﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬

11. ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
-
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
-
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺱ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
:
‫ﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺩ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻛ‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬
-
-
‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻛﺯ‬
-
-
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
-
-
‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻛ‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻧﺷ‬
-
‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬
-
‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
-
‫ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
:
‫ﺧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ‬
-
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬

12. ‫ﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺛﻳ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﺩﻳﺳﻳ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬
-
‫ﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
-
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬
-
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
-
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬
-
‫ﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬
-
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻁ‬
-
‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
-
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﺳ‬
‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
-
‫ﻣﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺻ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺿﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
-
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
-
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺋ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
-
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺋﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
-
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷﺷﻛ‬
-
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬

13. ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
-
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻣ‬
-
‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻣ‬
-
‫ﺧﺗ‬ ‫ﺯ‬
-
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻣ‬
-
‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬
-
‫ﺋﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬
-
‫ﻣﺧﺗﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬
-
‫ﻣﺧﺗﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
-
‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬
-
‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬
-
‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻧﻅﺭ‬
-
‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺻ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺻ‬ ‫ﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬
-
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺩﺃ‬
-
‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
-
‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
-
-
‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
-
-
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
-
-
‫ﺿﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
-
-
‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
-
‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
-
‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺛ‬

14. ‫ﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
-
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
-
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
-
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺑﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﺑﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺿﺑﻁ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬
-
-
‫ﻣﺗﺣﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
-
-
‫ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
-
-
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
-
-
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
-
-
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬

15. ‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺣ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻧﻅ‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬
GPS
-
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺭ‬
-
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺻﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺷ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
-
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺻ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺻ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺫﺑ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﺷ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺻ‬
-
‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫﺓ‬

16. ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺋﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩﻑ‬
Accumulative Error ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
Accuracy ‫ﺩ‬
Acoustic Positioning ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
Acoustic Tide Gauge ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
Altimetry Satellites ‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
Astronomy
ATR: Automatic Target Recognition ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
Augmentation Systems ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
Azimuth ‫ﺋﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬
Base Line ‫ﺧﻁ‬
‫ﺩ‬
Bathometry ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
Bearing ‫ﻣﺧﺗﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬
BeDiou
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
:
‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺻﻧ‬
Blunder or Gross Error ‫ﺟﺳ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
BM: Bench Mark ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
:
‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
Cartesian Coordinates ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬
Chart Datum ‫ﻣﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
Charted Depth ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Coastal Hydrography ‫ﻁﺋ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
Code Corrections ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬
Control Points ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻛ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
CORS: Continuously Operating
Reference Stations ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺋﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
Datum ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
DEM: Digital Elevation Models ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬
DGPS: Differential GPS ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
Direct or Spirit Levelling ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Distortion ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺷ‬
Dual-Head Profiler Scanning Sonar
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﺩﺩ‬
ECEF: Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻛﺯ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
EDM: Electronic Distance
Measurement ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
Elevation Angle ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺯ‬

17. ‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺋﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩﻑ‬
Ellipsoid or Ellipsoid of Revolution ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺳ‬
Equi-Potential Surface ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬
Error Propagation ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬
ETM: Egyptian Transverse Mercator ‫ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
Frequency ‫ﺗﺭﺩﺩ‬
Galileo
‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺻﻧ‬
Geodesy
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
:
‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬
Geodetic Coordinates ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬
Geodetic or Ellipsoidal Height
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺳ‬
Geographic or True Meridian ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻣ‬
Geomatics ‫ﺗﻛﺱ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
:
‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
GIS: Geographic Information
Systems ‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
Global Warming ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﺑ‬
GLONASS
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
:
‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺻﻧ‬
GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite
Systems ‫ﺻﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
GPS: Global Positioning System
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
)
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺃﺱ‬
(
Grid Coordinates ‫ﺷﺑﻛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺑ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺛﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺩ‬
Hand-Held ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣ‬
Hand-Held or Navigation GPS
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
HAT: Highest Astronomical Tide ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
High-Resolution Bathy Systems
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
Hydrographic Survey ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
Hydrography ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
Ice Sheets Melting ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﻝ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
Instantaneous Sea Surface ‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬
Interpolation ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﻧﺑ‬
IPCC
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻐ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﻛ‬ ‫ﺟﻧ‬
‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬

18. ‫ﻅ‬
‫ﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺋﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩﻑ‬
ITRF: International Terrestrial
Reference Frame ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻁ‬
Land Subsidence ‫ﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
Laser Scanner Total Station ‫ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
LAT: Lowest Astronomical Tide ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
Latitude ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺋﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
Level ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Levelling ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
LiDAR: Light Detection and Ranging ‫ء‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺳﺱ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
Longitude ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
Magnetic Meridian ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻣ‬
Map Projection ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﺳ‬
Marine Geoid ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
Marine Surveying ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
Maritime Cartography ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
MBES: Multi-Bean Echo Sounder ‫ﻷﺷ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
MHHW: Mean High High Water ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
MHWN: Mean High Water Neap ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
MHWS: Mean High Water Spring ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
MLLW: Mean Low Low Water ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
MLWN: Mean Low Water Neap ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
MLWS: Mean Low Water Spring ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬
Most-Probable Value ‫ﺣﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻛﺛﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
MSL: Mean Sea Level ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
MTES: Multi-Transducer Echo
Sounder ‫ﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
MTL: Mean Tide Level ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
MTM: Modified Transverse
Macerator ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬
Multi-Beam Sonar ‫ﻷﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺱ‬
Navigation ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Oceanic Hydrography ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
OED1907: Old Egyptian Datum 1907 ‫ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
Offshore Hydrography ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
oscillating electric signal ‫ﺭﺟﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
Pegs ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻷ‬

19. ‫ﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺋﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩﻑ‬
phase ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
Photogrammetric Total Station ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
Pins or Arrows ‫ﺷ‬
Plumb Bob ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
Positioning ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
/
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬
Post Processing ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬
Potential ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
Precise Levelling ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Precision ‫ﺻﺣ‬
Pressure Tide Gauges ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
Prism ‫ﻛﺱ‬
Projected Coordinates ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬
Pseudorange ‫ﻣﺳ‬
‫ﺫﺑ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
Pulse Generator ‫ﻧﺑﺿ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Radar Altimetry ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
Radar Tide Gauge ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
Random or Accidental Error ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
Range Pole or Rod ‫ﺧﺹ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
Receiver ‫ﺑﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗ‬
Reference Surface ‫ﺳﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
Remote Sensing ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺷ‬
Resection ‫ﻛﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
Residuals or Discrepancies ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺑ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬
RTK: Real-Time Kinematic ‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬
SBES: Single-Bean Echo Sounder ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
sextant ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻛﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺯ‬
Sounding Datum ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
Spherical Coordinates ‫ﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺩ‬
Staff ‫ﻣ‬
Standard Deviation ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬
Standard Error ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
Sub-Bottom Profiler ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
synchronization ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺯ‬
Systematic Error ‫ﻣﻧﺗﻅ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
Tachometry ‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
:
‫ﺳﺭ‬ ‫ﺱ‬

20. ‫ﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺋﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩﻑ‬
Tape ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬
Theodolite ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
Tide Gauges ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
Tides ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬
Topographic Maps ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
Total Station ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
Transducer
‫ﻣﺫﺑﺫ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻣﺻﺭ‬
(
Transmitter ‫ﻣﺭﺳﻝ‬
True Error ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
UTM: Universal Transverse Mercator
Projection ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
UUV: Unmanned Underwater Vehicle ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻛﺑ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Variance ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺑ‬
Vertical Control Network ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻛ‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛ‬
Vertical Datum ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
Waves ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬
weight ‫ﺯﻥ‬
Weighted Mean ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
Zenith Angle ‫ﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬

21. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
-
‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻧﻧ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺷﺑ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬
‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
.
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬
X,Y,Z
‫ﺃ‬
،‫ﺹ‬،‫ﺱ‬
)
=
‫ﺭﺗ‬
(
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ،‫ﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
X,Y,D
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ،‫ﺹ‬،‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
)
=
‫ﻣ‬
.(
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣﺟ‬
)
‫ء‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬
(
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ،
‫ﺻﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‬
"
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
"
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺗﺟ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺷ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
.
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻐ‬
‫ﺭ‬
/
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺷ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
.
-
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺻ‬
"
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻑ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
Hydrography
"
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
:
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬
)
‫ء‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
(
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
)
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺋﺹ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺋ‬
(
‫ﺋﺹ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
)
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺋﺹ‬ ‫ﺻ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺭ‬
(
Hydrography is the science of measuring, describing, and
depicting: nature and configuration of the seabed,
geographical relationships to land mass, and
characteristics and dynamics of the sea.

22. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬
"
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﺭﺍﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
Hydrographic Survey
"
‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺅﺛﺭ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
)
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
(
‫ﺷ‬‫ﺳﺗﻛ‬
‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺷ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺭ‬
.
Hydrographic survey is the science of measurement and
description of features which affect maritime navigation,
maritime construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration,
offshore oil drilling, and related activities.
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺭﻳ‬
:
‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺩ‬
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺁﺧ‬ ‫ﺻﻁ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻁ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
maritime cartography
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺣ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻛ‬
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
raw data
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
information
)
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﻛ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
(
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬
.
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
:
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻁﺋ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
coastal
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ،
‫ﻁ‬
offshore
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ،
oceanic
.
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺗ‬ ‫ﻁﺋ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻵﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
.
‫ﺷﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺋ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺋﺩ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﺩ‬ ‫ﻹﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬
.
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺻ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻣﻝ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﺹ‬ ‫ﺧﺻ‬ ‫ﺭﺳ‬
/
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬
.

23. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
-
‫ﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫﺓ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻅ‬
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﺭ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻵﺛ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻝ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺅﺭﺥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺻ‬
.
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﻳﻥ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
، ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﺑ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬
"
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
"
‫ﻣﺅ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺱ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺭﻥ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬
:
‫ﻛﺗ‬
"
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺻ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺋ‬
"
‫ﻛﺗ‬
"
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺻ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺗﺻ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
"
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺅ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺫﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ،
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
...
.
‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺋ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺯﻣ‬
،‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺩ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺑ‬
/
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
.
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
Bathometry
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
-
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺣﻧ‬
-
‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
)
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻷ‬
(
‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬‫ﺳﻛ‬ ‫ﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
sextant
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﻧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺑ‬
‫ﺯ‬
‫ﻛ‬
/
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬
/
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬
)
‫ﺛ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺷﻣﺱ‬
‫ﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
(
‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬
)
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬
(
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
.

24. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻳﺩﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻣ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
echo
sounders
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
.
‫ﺳﻁ‬‫ﻣﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻷﺟ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ،‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻﻁﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
-
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
Theodolite
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﺹ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
Control
Points
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻁﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺳ‬
Resection
.

25. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻅﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
/
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻛ‬
Total Station
‫ﻛﺱ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺃﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
Prism
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻛ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗ‬
(
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬
.
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
)
‫ﺛ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
(
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬
.
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺻﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Global Positioning System: GPS
)
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺗﺻ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
(
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺑ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺛﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
.
‫ﻣﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺻﺹ‬‫ﻣﺗﺧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺑ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬
HyPack
(
‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
synchronization
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ،‫ﺹ‬،‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﺳ‬
.

26. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟ‬
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺻ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺱ‬‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺃﺻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
Light Detection and Ranging: LiDAR
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻛﺑ‬
Unmanned Underwater Vehicle: UUV
)
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺋﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻵ‬
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: UAV
(
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻷﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬
Multi-Beam Sonar
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻧ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻧ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫ﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ،‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬
Side
Scan Sonar
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺳﺱ‬‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻧ‬ ‫ﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻝ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻣ‬ ،‫ﺑﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﻧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺭ‬
.
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺑ‬
UUV

27. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺭﺓ‬
Side Scan Sonar
-
‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘ‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺻ‬ ‫ﺿﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻣﺛ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺻ‬
(
‫ﺯﺭ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﻣﻝ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻹﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
Tides
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬
Waves
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣﻧ‬
Water Level
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬
Thermoclins or water
temperature differences
.
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺛﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬
:

‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬

‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬
)
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬
(
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻧﺷ‬
Digital Elevation Models: DEM

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻧﺷ‬
Bathometry

‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
Topographic
Maps

‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻧﺷ‬

‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺳﻁﺣ‬ ‫ﻧﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻝ‬
(

‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
)
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﻷﻧ‬
...
(

‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻧﺷ‬

‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
)
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻣ‬
...
(

‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻝ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﻛﺷ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻐ‬

28. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬

‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻟﻧﻣﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﺧﺭﻳﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬
-
‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺩ‬
‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺳ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
.
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﻥ‬
-
‫ﻣﻧﺫ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺳ‬
-
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺣ‬
Mean Sea Level: MSL
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ، ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺭﺟ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣﺅﺳ‬
‫ﻛﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
.
‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
.

29. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺭﻳ‬
‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
MSL
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬
)
‫ﺩﺩ‬‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻧ‬
.(
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
MSL
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻥ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬ ، ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬
.
‫ﺳﻧ‬
.
M.S.L. is the average level taken up by the
sea. The best result can be obtained with
18.6 years observation
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬
Mean Tide Level:
MTL
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
MTL
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
MSL
.
M.T.L. is the average value of all the heights
of high and low waters over a certain period
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
Mean High Water
Spring: MHWS
‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬
.
The average, throughout a year when the
average maximum declination of the moon is
23.5o, of the high two successive high waters
during those period of 24 hours, when the
range of the tide is greatest.
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
Mean Low Water
Spring: MLWS
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺭ‬
)
‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﻣ‬
.(
The average height obtained by the two
successive low waters during the same
period.
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Mean High Water
‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
.
The average, throughout a year as defined in

30. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
Neap: MHWN
M.H.W.S., of the height of two successive
high waters during these periods when the
range of the tide is least.
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
Mean Low Water
Neap: MLWN
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺗﺭ‬
)
‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻧﺩﻣ‬
.(
The average height obtain from the two
successive low waters during the same
period.
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
Mean High High
Water: MHHW
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻷﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬
The mean of the higher of the two daily high
waters experienced over a period.
‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
Mean Low Low
Water: MLLW
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻧ‬
.
The mean of the lower of the two daily low
waters experienced over a period.
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
Lowest
Astronomical Tide:
LAT
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
)
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
(
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬
.
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺯﺭ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻣﺛ‬
(
.
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺳ‬
.
‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
chart Datum
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺛﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
.
The lowest level which can be predicted to
occur under average meteorology condition
and under any combination of astronomical
conditions. It can only be obtained properly
by studying tidal prediction covering (ideally)
about 18.6 years, as the level of L.A.T will not
be reached every year. Chart datum has

31. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
been rather more broadly defined as the level
below which no predicted tide shall fall by
more than 0.1 meter.
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺟﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
Highest
Astronomical Tide:
HAT
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬
)
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
(
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬
.
H.A.T. is the highest level which can be
predicted to occur under average
meteorology condition and under any
combination of astronomical conditions.
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
Sounding Datum
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬
.
The level to which soundings are reduced in
the course of a hydrographic survey, and is
therefore the datum used for the completed
fair chart or final tracing.
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
Charted Depth
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺟﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
.
The vertical distance between object to
sounding datum
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬

32. ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
___________________________________________
___________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
-
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻣﻳﺭﺍﻟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺃﻛﺛ‬ ‫ﺫ‬‫ﻣﻧ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺑﺈﺻ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺗﺟ‬
‫ﻣﻧ‬
‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﺩﻣ‬
.
‫ﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬
)
‫ﺳﺧ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺳﺧ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
(
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﻣ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻛﻧﺩﺭ‬‫ﺳ‬
(
.
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺯ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
:
https://www.admiralty.co.uk/
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻣﻳﺭﺍﻟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬

33. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻛﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﻳ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁ‬
-
‫ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
/
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻁ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﺭﺑﻣ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
(
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬
.
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺛ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬
)
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
(
‫ﺗﺭﺳﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻣﺧ‬ ‫ﻁﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺟ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻁ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ،
/
‫ﺯﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬
.
‫ﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣﺟ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻁ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺭﺟ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺩﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻛ‬
.
‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻷﺟﺯ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺗﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺛ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻷﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺫ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺗ‬ ،
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
.
-
-
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺟ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻝ‬
-
-
-
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺯﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﺭﺗ‬
(
‫ﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺟﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻧ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻛ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺗﻧ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬
.
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬
.
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺩ‬
)
‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
(
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
:

34. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬

‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺅﺧﺭ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
Back Sight or BS
:
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬‫ﺗﺅﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﺑ‬
.

‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
For Sight or FS
:
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬‫ﺗﺅﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺭ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.

‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
Intermediate Sight or IS
:
‫ﺫ‬‫ﺗﺅﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
.

‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
Turning point
:
‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺫ‬‫ﺅﺧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
.
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺯﺍﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻁﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺩﺃ‬
BM
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
A
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
(
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺇﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺟ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
.(
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻹﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
(
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
.
‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺿﺑﻁ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻣﺳ‬
‫ﻧﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﻁ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺟ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
)
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
(
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ،
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺟ‬
.
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻅﻝ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬
(
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺣﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻛ‬
)
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
(
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺇ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
(
،
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
B
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
.(
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺑﻁ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺟ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
.
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
)
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
(
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺑﺣ‬
)
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬
A
(
‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣ‬

35. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺧ‬
)
‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬
B
.(
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺧ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺗ‬
‫ﺭ‬
.
‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺗﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
–
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺇﺟ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻧ‬
–
‫ﺗﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺭﺋ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ، ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
.
‫ء‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻧ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
A
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
(
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
(
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺟ‬
،
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
)
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
(
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﺑ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺟﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺩﺩ‬
.
‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬
:
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺇﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬
(
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
:
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻹﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺈﺫ‬
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
BM
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
(
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻁ‬
.
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
.(
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬
:
‫ﻵ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺗ‬
:
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
+
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻛﺫ‬ ، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻛﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬
.
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
:
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
–
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻣﺅﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
–
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
)
-
(

36. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬
:
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺩﺃ‬
)
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬
،
،
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
،
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬
،
،
.
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺳ‬
.
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻁﻭﻟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻳﺯﺍﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
+
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
+
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺑﺣ‬ ‫ﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
)
(
+
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
+
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
‫ﻧﺩ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
-
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ءﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺟ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
:

37. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺧ‬
‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﺳﻁ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺃ‬
.
.
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
.
.
.
.
.
‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
.
.
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
:
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
–
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
‫ﻣﺅﺧﺭ‬
–
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
–
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺅﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
–
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
.
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬
:
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻁ‬
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺭﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
.
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
–
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
+
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
:
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
=
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
=
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
–
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻣﺅﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
–
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
)
-
(

38. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬
:
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
-
=
.
–
.
=
-
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
+
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
) +
-
.
= (
.
-
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
-
=
.
–
.
+ =
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
+
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
+
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
-
=
.
–
.
+ =
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
+
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
+
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
-
=
.
–
.
+ =
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
+
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
+
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
-
=
.
–
.
=
-
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
+
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
=
.
) +
-
.
= (
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
:
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺧ‬
‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
‫ﺣﻅ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺃ‬
.
.
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
.
-
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
.
+
.
.
.
-
.
.
‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
.
.

39. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬
:
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
-
‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺿ‬
=
=
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
–
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
‫ﻣﺅﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
–
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
=
.
+
.
+
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
=
.
+
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
–
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻧﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
=
.
=
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
–
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺅﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
–
‫ﺩﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
=
.
–
.
=
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
.
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬
:
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺇ‬
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
) :
(
‫ء‬ ‫ﺇﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
BM
، ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻧﻁ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
)
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺗﻧ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺗ‬
.
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
:
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
=
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
–
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
:
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
=
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
–
‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺃﺧﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
:
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
=
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
–
‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
)
-
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
.
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺩ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺇﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻁ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻹﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
.
‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬

40. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬
)
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺳ‬
(
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺟ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
)
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
(
‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬
:
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
) =
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
–
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬
(
×
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻛﺗ‬
.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ، ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺩ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺧﺩ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
:
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
=
‫ﻥ‬

)
-
(
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
:
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
)
‫ﻥ‬
(
‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺋ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
)
‫ﻥ‬
(
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
:
‫ﻥ‬
=
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
(
‫ﻥ‬
=
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
)
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
(
‫ﻥ‬
=
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻥ‬
=
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

41. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬
:
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺧ‬
‫ﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺗ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
‫ﺃ‬
.
.
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
.
-
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
-
.
.
‫ﻣﺟﻣ‬
.
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
:
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
=

=
)

.
= (
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
:
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
=

=
)

.
= (
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺛ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
:
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
=

=
)

.
= (
.
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

42. ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺻﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬
/
‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﷴ‬ ‫ﺟﻣ‬
-
-
-
‫ﻟﻣﻳﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﺩﺃ‬
/
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺷ‬‫ﺑﺈﻧ‬ ‫ﺟﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
BM
)
‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
(
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻝ‬
-
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺫ‬
-
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺣﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩء‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
.
‫ﺯﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
)
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻁ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
(
‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
"
‫ﻣﺷﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
"
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻣ‬
.
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﺯء‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺿﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
"
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺷﺭ‬
"
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺩء‬
.
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﺅﺱ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺣ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺳ‬
.
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺟ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁﺑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺗ‬
‫ﻣﺷﺭ‬
.
‫ﺷﻛﻝ‬
)
-
(
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺯﺍﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﺩﺃ‬
‫ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺗﺭ‬
)
‫ﺻﺭ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺳﻣ‬‫ﺗ‬
(
‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣﺟ‬ ‫ﻧﺑ‬
‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺩﺃ‬
BS
‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
)
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻷ‬
(
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻣ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭﺻ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
FS
‫ﻣﺛﺑﺗ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷ‬