Inventions and Inventors from France ,

3. ALTIMETER
The altimeter is an instrument which measures
vertical distance with respect to a reference level. The
altimeter is an instrument that measures the altitude
of the land surface or any object such as an airplane.
Louis paul Cailletet, was the French physicist who
invented the altimeter and the high-pressure
manometer

5. AQUALUNG
The aqualung is a breathing apparatus that supplied
oxygen to divers and allowed them to stay underwater for
several hours. It was invented in 1943 by Jacques-Yves
Cousteau(1910 -1997) and the French industrial gas control
systems engineer Emile Gagnan. Among the innovations in
their device was a mechanism that provided inhalation and
exhaust valves at the same level. That summer, the new
device was tested in the Mediterranean Sea down to 210 ft
(68 m) by Cousteau, Philippe Tailliez, and Frédérik Dumas.
This safe, easy-to-use, and reliable device was the first
modern scuba system

7. LOUIS BRAILLE
Louis Braille (Jan. 4, 1809-Jan. 6, 1852) improved a
coded system of raised dots used by the blind to read.
He was blinded as a child, and invented his
extraordinary system in his early teens. In 1829, Braille
published "The Method of Writing Words, Music, and
Plain Song by Means of Dots, for Use by the Blind and
Arranged by Them." His method, called Braille, is still
in use around the world today. Louis Braille is buried
in the Pantheon in Paris, as a French national hero

9. Modern Transmission
The invention of the first automatic car is more
evolutionary than the result of a single invention.
Frenchmen Louis-Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor
are recognized for inventing the modern transmission
in 1894.

11. JEAN FOUCAULT
Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (1819-1868) was a French
physicist who invented the gyroscope (1852) and the
Foucault pendulum (1851). A gyroscope is essentially a
spinning wheel set in a movable frame. When the wheel
spins, it retains its spatial orientation, and it resists
external forces applied to it. Gyroscopes are used in
navigation instruments (for ships, planes, and rockets).
Foucault was the first person to demonstrate how a
pendulum could track the rotation of the Earth (the
Foucault pendulum) in 1851. He also showed that light
travels more slowly in water than in air (1850) and
improved the mirrors of reflecting telescopes

13. BAROMETER
A barometer is a device that measures air (barometric)
pressure. It measures the weight of the column of air
that extends from the instrument to the top of the
atmosphere. There are two types of barometers
commonly used today, mercury and aneroid (meaning
"fluidless"). The aneroid barometer (using a spring
balance instead of a liquid) was invented by the French
scientist lucien vidie in 1843.

15. Champagne
Champagne is a sparkling wine produced from grapes
grown in the Champagne region of France

17. Pneumatic Tire
André Michelin was the first person to use
pneumatic tires on an automobile. He was a French
industrialist who, with his brother Édouard (1859–
1940), founded the Michelin Tyre Company

19. HOT-AIR BALLOON
Joseph and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier were two
French bothers who made the first successful hot-air
balloon. Their first balloon was launched in
December, 1782, and ascended to an altitude of 985 ft
(300 m).

21. PASTEURIZATION
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was a French chemist and
inventor. Pasteur studied the process of fermentation,
and postulated that fermentation was produced by
microscopic organisms (other than yeast), which
Pasteur called germs. , Pasteur invented a heating
process (now called pasteurization) which sterilizes
food, killing micro-organisms that contaminate it.

23. CALCULATOR
French inventor, Blaise Pascal was one of the most
reputed Mathematician and physicist of his time. He is
credited with inventing an early Calculator , amazingly
advanced for its time, called the Pascaline.

25. PENCIL
In 1795, the Nicholas Jacques Conte (a French officer
in Napoleon's army) patented the modern method of
kiln-firing powdered graphite with clay to make
pencils of any desired hardness

27. STETHOSCOPE
The stethoscope was invented by the French physician
R.T.H. Laënnec. René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec is
generally considered to be the father of chest medicine

29. SEWING MACHINE
The first functional sewing machine was invented by
the French tailor Barthélemy Thimonnier in 1830.
Other tailors feared for their livelihood, and burnt his
workshop down. ELIAS HOWE was American
inventor who patented an improved sewing machine
in 1846.

31. DISEL ENGINE
Rudolf Diesel (1858 - 1913) was born in Paris in 1858. His
parents were Bavarian immigrants. In 1893, he published a
paper describing an engine with combustion within a
cylinder, the internal combustion engine. In 1894, he filed
for a patent for his new invention, dubbed the diesel
engine. He operated his first successful engine in 1897.
In 1898, Rudolf Diesel was granted patent for an "internal
combustion engine" the Diesel engine.
The diesel engines of today are refined and improved
versions of Rudolf Diesel's original concept. They are often
used in submarines, ships, locomotives, and large trucks
and in electric generating plants

33. Black & White Camera
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre was a French artist
and photographer, recognized for his invention of the
daguerreotype process of photography. He became
known as one of the fathers of photography.
Nicéphore Niépce was a French inventor, most noted
as one of the inventors of photography and a pioneer
in the field.

35. Cinema
 The Lumière brothers, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas
and Louis Jean , were the earliest filmmakers in history.
Appropriately, "lumière" translates as "light" in English.

37. french fries
It is claimed that fries originated in Belgium, and the
on-going dispute between the French and Belgians
about where they were invented is highly contentious,
with both countries claiming ownership.