This document provides an overview of concepts related to human motivation and inner purification. It discusses: 1) Different theories of human motivation from psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism. It also discusses an objective morality worldview of human motivation. 2) Emotions like anger, fear, depression, and miserliness that can agitate the human soul and body. 3) Methods for purifying the inner self by controlling and treating negative emotions, including using patience, forgiveness, focusing on solutions over problems, and maintaining good physical and mental health. 4) The importance of having a pure heart focused on spiritual fulfillment and eternal happiness in the afterlife, rather than temporary pleasures of this world

1. PURIFICATION OF
THE INNER-SELF
HAKIM SUDINPREEDA
MA (EDUCATION)

3. Inner components of a human
Human is a whole,
integrated
spiritual being
which includes
the body, mind,
heart, and spirit.

4. EVERYONE MUST LIVE FOR SOMETHING.
Motivation means a force to attain something.
Everyone must have something to attain.
Human Nature & Motivation
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF YOUR LIFE?

5. MOTIVATION
: a motivating factor that brings upon
certain types of human behavior.

6. WHAT IS A HUMAN?
•Psychoanalysis
•Radical Behaviorism
•Humanistic Psychoanalysis
•Objective morality worldview

7. PSYCHOANALYSIS
•Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was the founding father.
•Key idea: Man is evil and selfish by nature, no more than
an animal enslaved to his sexual impulses.
•Motivation: The individual’s instincts create tension, and
offer the solution to release these tensions, at the same time to
seek gratification.

8. RADICAL BEHAVIOURISM
•Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), J.B. Watson (1878-1958) and B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
•Key idea: A child’s mind is a ‘tabula rasa’ at birth, pure and clean, waiting to be
written on by its own experiences. Man is nothing more than a mechanical object
that can be conditioned and programmed to do any task.
•Motivation: Human motivation is increased and enhanced through
the positive reinforcement given to an individual in the form of reward
such as incentives, word of praise, pay raise, etc. Conversely, negative
reinforcement can diminish or cause the extinction of a particular
human behavior and motivation.

9. •Abraham Maslow (????)
• Key idea: Man’s ‘here and now’ . There is no state of
man’s preexistence and hereafter. What matters most
to the humanists is the reality of the present life.
•Motivation: Two types of motivation: deficiency
motivation and the growth motivation.
Humanistic Psychoanalysis

10. Maslow’s Theory
•Started from biological needs and go up the ladder to reach the highest level
which is the self-fulfillment or self-actualization.
Happiness is due to
your self-fulfillment. If
you get what you need,
you become happy. If
not, you become
depressed!!!

11. Objective Morality Worldview
• Non-human made
•Key idea: Man is the best and honored creation on earth
which has been blown the spirit of objective morality: the
innate-knowledge of good & bad (intuitive knowledge).
•Motivation: Man is going back to the eternal bliss, the
former state where man comes from, as reward. This world
is only a place of the training ground (test) and has to do
exam again in the hereafter (life after death).
•The tool: Follow the objective morality.

12. HAPPINESS
• A spiritual state that you are actually pleased with whatever direction your luck is
pointing to.
•It is being pleased with what the Creator has decreed for you.
•People who are sad are those who just do not “let go” their past, thinking that it
would be better if they can change their past (which is impossible).
•The Pursuit of Happiness is the pursuit of a moral and virtuous life (Aristotle).

13. Happiness is an end in itself!!!
•A: What do you want in life?
•B: I want money.
•A: Why do you want money?
•B: I want to buy things I need?
•A: Why do you need those things?
•B: I want to be freedom.
•A: Why do you need freedom?
•B: I want to be happy.
No any other
reasons to continue
questioning when it
ends with “I want to
be happy”. !!!

14. Real happiness is eternal, long lasting.
•Life in this world is suffering, facing more difficulties.
• But it remains temporary as this life is temporary.
•Happiness in this life is too temporary.
•Happiness in this life is not really satisfied.
•Real happiness, worth perusing, is eternal.

15. Pre
existence
Worldly life The
hereafter
Temporary
We are here!!!
(Physical)
Eternal
(Metaphysical)
Happy people always strive for the eternal bliss in the hereafter.

16. HAPPY PERSONS
• The most spiritually contented in whatever situations they
face.
•Every difficulty in life is a test;
•Every test is a means to attain the reward;
•Thus, difficulty in life is nothing but a blessing.
•BE PATIENT with the difficulties
•BE GRATEFUL with the blessings

17. IS HAPPINESS ILLUSION?
• No. As long as the source of knowledge is reliable.
•It must be backed up by the testimony.
•The knowledge of the unseen cannot necessarily
be proved true by science.
•Those who claim that they are happy without the
reliable source backing up their claim are
delusional.

18. SPIRITUAL WONDERS
“How wondrous is the spiritual person’s
affairs? All of it is good.”
When facing the difficulties, they remain patient. It is
good because patience is a test; and the test is a means
to be rewarded. If they get blessings, they are thankful.

19. Man’s inner self

20. Man’s inner-self
God/The
Creator
Upward pulling
God is good;
Satan is bad.

21. A PURE HEART
Surely in the breasts of humanity is a
lump of flesh, if sound then the whole
body is sound, and if corrupt then the
whole body is corrupt. Is it not the
heart?

22. The heart is viewed as the center of our being
not the brain.
In the 1970s, John and Beatrice Lacey, conducted a study and found
that the brain sent messages to the heart, but that the heart did not
automatically obey the messages. Sometimes the heart sped up,
while at other times it slowed down, indicating that the heart itself
has its own type of intelligence.

23. Pre
existence
Worldly life The
hereafter
• Prefer morality
• Accept truth
• Heart sound
• Heart agitated due to society
and family upbringings.
• The heart is sensitive.
• Heart deviation from truth.
• Forgetfulness of the ultimate
purpose of life.
• Heart diseases
• Heart purification : Process
Sound heart

24. The features attributed to the human soul are quite
diverse. Some of them are virtuous such as the intellect,
the faculty of comprehension and the faculty of retention
and memory, whilst others in contrast are blameworthy
attributes. Also, attributed to the soul are some
praiseworthy characteristics such as chastity, munificence
and generosity as well as in contrast some blameworthy
characteristics opposed to them.

25. Everybody has a heart disease
• Every child is born with an intuitive awareness of
divine purpose and a nature built to receive the
Ultimate truth. What remains then is to nurture
one’s awareness and cultivate this inclination back
to its former state and purity of the heart.

26. This world is the abode of anxiety, sadness, worry and
calamity. So it is only normal for man to expect, in spite
of his efforts, the onslaught of misfortune or even
calamity to disturb the calmness of his soul.
In a similar vein man cannot escape the bodily
affliction of all manner of aches and pains and even
were he to be spared the more serious illnesses and
diseases, it is not conceivable that he would be saved
from minor bodily symptoms.

27. How to purify?
•To deal with these symptoms that appear
and disappear in a way that agitate the soul
and cause the body to be stirred up
(perturbed), at times in a harmful manner.

28. Anger
•It is generated from distress. It can agitate the soul and
the body in a way that no other symptom can do. When a
person is in a state of rage and fury, he embeds himself in
a condition of nervousness that increases circulation of
the blood, changes his color, raises body temperature and
causes him to perform uncontrollable movements. In
extreme cases he may look like a madman.

29. Terror (Excessive fear)
It afflicts a person when he is exposed to a
fearful thing or situation. Excessive fear can lead
to terror and panic. The hands and legs shake
uncontrollably, failing to perform their natural
function. Furthermore, the person may lose the
ability to think properly to the extent of failing to
find a solution to rescue him from the frightening
object or situation.

30. •This terror develops from the fear that
overwhelms a person if he thinks or imagines
a scary thing (or more so) if he actually sees
or experiences it. This fear and anxiety can
also be caused by a person hearing an
earsplitting sound that he cannot tolerate or
from hearing news that contains a terrifying
message.

31. Depression
•Excessive sadness or melancholy.
•It afflicts a person due to the loss of something
he
likes or loves, the deprivation (of which) results
in sadness or grief. If the sadness or grief
increases in intensity, it then becomes outright
depression and melancholy. A person suffering
from this extreme state will succumb to
hopelessness and impatience.

32. Depression (Cont.)
•Terror and panic are the extreme form of fear and
depression is the extreme form of sadness.
The states of hopelessness and impatience, a
consequence of such intense levels of sadness and
grief, are often associated with certain very unpleasant
reactions.
The person suffering may slap his face, tear at his
clothes and pull his hair behaving like someone who has
lost his mind or his integrity.

33. Obsession
•Its persistence in the human heart (or mind) causes
repetitive repulsive or immoral thoughts that result
in apprehension and unhappiness to the extent that
the one obsessed may lose his ability to enjoy the
pleasures of the body and the soul.
•This symptom is referred to the inner speech or
whispers of the soul (was wa-sa).
•Repetitive inner rumination (even the solution is sought out)

34. Miserliness (Stinginess)
• Lack of manliness and valor
•Lack of generosity
•Never give charity distributed to the needy
•Never support his family (money or motivation)
•Create difficulty over paltry matters (the inflexible creditor)
• Its cause is from loving the fleeting stuff of this world. The miser
ardently clings to his wealth and hoards it up.
If a guest spills something on the carpet, the host should
not display anger or, worse yet, scold the guest.

35. Miserliness (cont.)
•When paying charity, for example, one should smile and be
humble, allowing the hand of the indigent to be above the
giver's hand.
•Give away from what one loves; this charity will extend its
goodness.
•Many wealthy people in our society live impoverished lives, though
they have millions in the bank. Their choice of living is not inspired
by spiritual austerity. Rather, it causes them great discomfort to spend
their money even on themselves and their families, let alone on others.

36. Treatment of anger (1, 2)
•Appoint a wise man as an external adviser:
•To be with him (most of the time); to permit them to counsel him; remind him
(about the harmful aspects of uncontrolled anger); and enlighten him concerning
the righteousness of forgiveness and its good outcome among his people in this
world as well as its boundless reward in the hereafter. He should also allow these
men to politely intercede in the case of dealing with wrongdoers who may be
brutally punished during a fit of uncontrollable emotional outburst. This merciful
intercession may cool rage, like pouring cold water over boiling water.
•Think sensibly about the physical bodily dangers that
can accrue from this heightened state.

37. Treatment of anger (3)
•Reflect on the intense feelings of guilt and remorse
that inflicting extremely harsh punishments on the
source of the rage may be unable to remedy the
situation.
•Deep reflection on this would train one to be more
skillful in controlling one’s anger and in being careful
and unhurried in deciding what kind of measures to
take against those who are the source of the anger.

38. Treatment of anger (4)
•Remind the thinking soul of the great virtues of patience and
forgiveness.
•Forgiveness and patience are one of the noblest virtues of
human being that separate man from animals.
•Having control over anger, being able to suppress rage and
pardon offenders.
“The strong man is not the good wrestler; but the
strong man is he who controls himself when he is
angry.”

39. Treatment of anger (5)
•Realize that quick severe vengeance and reprimand
would surely end up detrimental to the intimate warm
relation between a superior and his subordinates and
servants, and between a husband and his subjects
(wife, children).
•Harsh measures would make the subordinates and
subjects obedient, but this kind of submission would
only be external in nature. Internally this harsh action
and unnecessary rebuking would breed animosity and
bitterness.

40. Treatment of anger (6)
•Overlook minor mistakes and forgiveness would fill the
hearts of the subjects with genuine love and mercy.
•Their obedience to the superior would be internal in
nature. It is the submission born of love that causes
them to be their protectors and defenders whether they
know of it or not.
•External obedience is that of fear and resentment. In
such a case, the boss or king, instead of expecting
support from his juniors or subjects, would be cautious
and on his guard from them.

41. •Delay the emotional response until the fury calms and then to fairly weigh
the offense and decide on the suitable punishment. Such a line of attack
would give him benefit in two merits.
•First he would attain the attributes of patience and forgiveness, and
second he would be more successful in changing the behavior of his
subordinate by choosing a suitable punishment for the kind of offense
committed.
Treatment of anger (6 cont.)
“If one of you is angry while he is standing, let him sit
down so his anger will leave him; otherwise, let him lie
lie down.”

42. Treatment of anger (7)
•Concentrate one’s negative feelings towards the
wrong deed of the subordinate or subject concerned,
and not towards the offender as a human being.
I am not angry with you but
your behavior of coming to
class late!!!

43. Treatment of anger (8)
•Genuinely ask himself whether or not in his own past
he had committed the same kind of mistakes and
careless behavior making him angry at the present.
•He would surely find that in fact he had committed
either similar or greater errors due to seductive lust
and desires.
•He would also feel bitter about those who punished
him at the time. He is bound to reduce negative
feelings towards him.

44. •However he should avoid seeing the person concerned
while still emotionally provoked.
•It is better to avoid any encounter for a few days since
the passage of time can heal any stirred emotion.

45. Treatment of fear
•Realize that in most cases, the fear created by the
expectation of a threatening experience is much greater
than the real experience itself, if it actually occurs. This
is because most of what man is afraid of is not really
harmful as he expects. This is confirmed by the saying
that “most of what you fear will not harm you”.

46. Treatment of fear (2)
•Invoke anger against one’s fearful behavior by
appealing to one’s pride, thus rebuking the soul for
being scared and telling oneself that being so
terrorized and panicky is not the respected behavior of
esteemed men but rather cowards (anger is allowed in
this sense).
•One will feel ashamed and guilty of behaving like a
coward.

47. Treatment of depression and sadness
Types of sadness:
1. Death of a beloved relative or the loss of wealth or loss of
something that the person greatly values.
(Defined cause)
2. A sudden distress and gloom preventing the person to enjoy the
usual pleasures of this world.
(Undefined cause)

48. Treatment of depression and sadness (2)
Undefined cause depression:
•Physical: purifying the blood, increasing its
temperature and making it lighter.
•Psychological: talking to bring back some
happiness; listening to music and songs; doing
similar activities that emotionally give warmth to
the gloomy.

49. Defined cause depression
Internal approach: mental mechanisms
based on optimistic thought that a
person creates within his soul.
Treatment of depression and sadness (3)

50. •To weigh up the excessive bodily harm that continued sadness
and depression can cause to one’s body with the urge to mourn
over his loss.
•His bodily health should be the most beloved thing to him. He
should not accept to trade it in for any sum of money or relatives.
•The fact that a person feels sad and depressed for presumed
loss is actually because he loves his body and soul and wants to
please himself with what he failed to obtain.
•Destroying his health in agony over what has been lost, would be
akin to someone selling out his capital to gain some little profit.
Treatment of depression and sadness (4)

51. •Understand and realize that life in this world is not the
abode of perpetual joy and happiness.
•Loss of loved ones or sought after desires is inevitable.
•All the pleasures one obtains in life are but an additional
gift that should be enjoyed with delight and that the
losses one suffers and (those things) which one is unable
to attain should not cause one much sorrow.
•One should seek after the real happiness: the eternal
happiness in the life after death.
The best treatment of depression

52. Its harmful effect:
•Obsessive manner that interferes with everyday chores
and brings fearful thoughts or makes one imagine fearful
things.
•Aggressive person with a constantly annoyed, angry
face:
He is not angered easily, but when really provoked it is
very difficult for him to forget or to accept apologies.
Treatment of obsession

53. •1. Do instinctively enjoy mixing with other people of your
resemblance and with those who need the social
support of others.
•2. Avoid idleness talk and unemployment (always be
busy with something creative).
• 3. Refresh himself with enjoyable pleasures such as
food and drink, sexual relations, listening to moving
songs and music, and looking at a delightful landscape
and beautiful objects.
Treatment of obsession (2)

54. 4. Choose some sincere and trusted relatives or friends,
who really love him and wish for his good health and
happiness, to frankly discuss his problem with them and
listen to their counsel and advice.
Treatment of obsession (3)

55. Yes, if you are:
1. A Ruler of a state, concerned with drafting well thought out acts and
measures for the running of their country.
2. A wise scholar, in a library trying to come up with
a novel discipline or writing a new book.
3. A devoted worshipper, who loves to be alone (with his Lord) for
spiritual consciousness development.
Other than these, loneliness is blameworthy!!!
Can I be alone?

56. Treatment (Miserliness)
• Those who achieve wealth usually do so only after exhausting themselves over
long periods of time. There is no confirmation that when their time runs out.
• Wanting more simply for more's sake can occupy a person for an entire
lifetime. And in the end, life is over.
• People climb to the heights of affluence and start to achieve what they have
worn themselves out for, death assails them without invitation. When death
takesus and moves us on, our wealth stays behind for others to wrangle over
and spend.

57. Q&A