Task 2

1. Hajar Rabhi Filali
Photograms
The technique of creatingphotographicprintswithoutusingacamera(photograms) isasoldas
photographyitself –butemergedagaininvarious avant-garde contextsinthe early1920s.
ArtistMan Ray refinedandpersonalisedthe technique tosuchan extent thatthe new printseventually
carriedhisname ‘rayographs’.
A photogramisbasicallymakingaprintin a photolabwithoutusinga camera.By placingobjectsontoa
piece of lightsensitive paperina darkroom, youcan use any lightsource to yourdispositiontocast light
ontothe paperand capture the white silhouettesof the objectsonthe piece of paper.
The day we didthe photograms,Iwas notreadyas I did notknow that we wouldhave a lessonin
learninghowtomake photograms,therefore Ihadtouse the few thingsIhad on me.
Alongwithmycolleague,we triedtodesignabutterflywithscissorsandcoins.Inthe secondimage we
justput a fewobjects,suchas make upbrush,lipstickandphone case.
The experienceingeneral wasverynice.
My photograms:

3. Shallow depth of field
When the aperture is large(ex. f/1.8), the area in front and behind the focus pointis very slimor shallow.That
means that objects right in front and rightbehind the planeof focus is already goingout of focus.As you can see in
this photo below, the flower arrangement in the foreground is in focus,but the flower arrangement in the rear
quickly falls outof focus, and the background is well beyond the area of focus.
Shallowdepth of field is used primarily to isolatethe subjectfrom its environment, and it is used a lot in portrait
work, macro photography, and sports photography.
My photo usingthis technique:
Large Depth Of Field
Large depth of field is mostoften associated with landscapephotography,but you can also seeit in architectural
photography. It is also known as the storytellingDOF becauseyou can have multiplevisual storylines or characters
at various points of the photo.
There are four factors that affect depth of field: aperture, distancebetween you and the subject,focal length, and
the sensor size.Aperture is the easiestway to control depth of field,while sensor sizeis the only factor you cannot
change unless you switch your camera body.
My photo usingthis technique:

4. When I went on a trip to Tate Modern museum for our Video Installation unit,I took the chanceto take this
picturewhere the largedepth of field technique applies.

5. Aperture plays an importantpartin manipulatingthe depth of field in your images.It is the easiestway to change
your DOF, but itis not the only way. Along with a largeaperture, you can create a shallowDOF by havingyour
subjectcloser to your camera,usinga lens with a longer focal length, and by usinga camera with a larger sensor.If
you want to have a deeper DOF, you can stop down to a smaller aperture, focus on a subjectfarther away from the
camera, use a shorter lens,or switch to a camera with a smaller sensor.