Telecommunications involves the digital transmission of data and voice communications using computers, terminals, communication processors, and software. Signals can be analog, representing continuous waveforms, or digital using discrete 1s and 0s. Modems translate between digital and analog signals. Network topologies include star, bus, and ring configurations. Communications networks span large distances using various cable, satellite, and microwave technologies to connect local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Electronic business technologies enable e-commerce through email, groupware, voice mail, fax, teleconferencing, video conferencing, and distance/e-learning. Electronic data interchange directly exchanges standard business documents between organizations' computers.

1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND NETWORKSPresented by: Hajar Ait Ammi

2. Telecommunications
• Communication of information by electronic means
• Includes digital data transmission as well as voice transmission
• Components: – Computers to process information
– Terminals or any input/output devices that send or receive data
– Communication processors
– Communications software

3. Types of signals:
• Analog Signal: – Continuous waveform – Passes through
communication medium – Used for voice communications
• Digital Signal: – Discrete waveform – Transmits data coded into two
discrete states as 1 and 0
• Modem: -ranslates computer’s digital signals into analog and vice
versa

4. Network topologies
• STAR NETWORK: computers and other devices are all connected to a central host
computer.
• BUS NETWORK: certain computers are linked by a single circuit
• RING NETWORK: computers are linked by a closed loop.

5. Communications networks
LANs: Local Area Network
• Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b) standard: Up to 11 Mbps, low cost, high-speed mobile Internet access, links work
groups
• Bluetooth standard: Up to 720 Kbps, small personal area networks
WANs: Wide Area Network
• Span large geographical distance
• Consist of variety of cable, satellite, and microwave technologies
• Switched lines, dedicated lines
• VANs: Value Added Network
• Private, multipath, data-only, third-party-managed network

6. E-Commerce and Electronic
business technology
• ELECTRONIC MAIL AND GROUPWARE:E-mail – Eliminates telephone tag and
costly long-distance telephone charges
Groupware – Enables work groups at different locations to participate in discussion
forums and work on shared documents and projects
• VOICE MAIL AND FAX Voice mail – Digitizes spoken message and transmits it
over a network
• Fax – Digitizes and transmits documents over telephone lines
• TELECONFERENCING, DATA AND VIDEO CONFERENCING
• Teleconferencing – Ability to confer with a group of people simultaneously
• Data conferencing – Two or more users can edit and modify data files
simultaneously

7. DISTANCE LEARNING AND E-
LEARNING
• Distance learning : Education or training delivered over a
distance to individuals in one or more locations
• E-Learning – Instruction delivered online using the internet or
private networks

8. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Direct computer-to-computer exchange between two
organizations of standard business transaction documents