Thomas Vandebogaerde is a French aerospace engineer that decided to go green. His masters’ thesis in Tsinghua University focused on Waste-to-Energy projects. He worked as a sustainability engineer, and then as a senior auditor. He’s currently an Operations Management Consultant in Shanghai, after having worked previously at Michelin, Lafarge, EY and Accenture. He sets up sustainable operations for various sectors including aerospace, automotive, building materials and retail. In this presentation Thomas shares large-scale Waste-to-Energy case studies in China, Asia and Africa to show that more than high-tech projects, these are high-organization projects.

1. Energizing Waste
范登波
Thomas VANDENBOGAERDE, CPIM
cn.linkedin.com/in/vandenbogaerde/

2. 4 reasons
Industrial Engineer
Waste to Energy
Large Scale
Nitin & Arup
20 min

3. WASTE TO ENERGY
IS
NOT
THE SOLUTION

4. MATERIALS
& WASTE
HIERARCHY
1
NEW BUSINESS
MODELS 2
RESOURCE
REDUCTION
3
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Zero Materials Consumption
Extend product Life
Design for End of Life
Dematerialise
Buy Recyled
Avoid Waste generation
Minimize Waste generation
Reuse Materials
Recycle Materials
Co-process Waste
Incinerate
Landfill (w or w/o pretreatment)
Unmanaged Waste

5. 4 Types of Waste to Energy projects
HEAT
Households and offices
(heating)
Industrial
(driers, ovens,…)
ELECTRICITY
Households and offices
(appliances, cars)
Industrial
(furnace, machinery)
1
2
Very large energy
needs
Increasing cost of
energy
DEMAND DRIVEN
Large amount of waste
to manage
Residual or intrinsic
value
SUPPLY DRIVEN
2
3

6. STOP
Thinking
garbage
WASTE
IS
NOT ALWAYS
WHAT YOU THINK

7. CHINA
PHILIPPINES
1
NIGERIA
3
2

8. A
CEMENT
FACTORY
1 NIGERIA
A
COMPETITOR

9. Technology
Science
Research
Schedule
Surrounding
Demande
ciment
+
procedé
Not
that
boring
J

10. A CEMENT KILN IS HOTTER THAN MOST INCINERATORS
= IT NEEDS A LOT OF ENERGY AND ALLOWS WASTE CO-PROCESSING
16
CONTINOUS
DAYS OF
CAKE
BAKING
460 km
in
TESLA S
3300
MJ/t
110
kWh/t
1 TON=
20 BAGS
1 ton of cement = 0.8 to 1 ton of CO2

11. SIMPLE,
BUT
NATURAL
GAS

12. SIZE = YUNNAN + SICHUAN
POPULATION = AFRICA #1
NEED FOR INFRASTRUCTURES
DEMAND
DRIVEN
YOU NEED ENERGY BUT NO
RELIABLE CONVENTIONAL SOURCE?

13. 1

14. RUBBER TREE = 25 – 35 yrs
(for prodution)
AFTERWARDS
IT’S A TREE. IT BURNS
IT HAS A VERY HIGH GCV
(Gross Calorific Value)

16. NO HEATING REQUIRED
NO PAPERMILL AROUND
OLD TREES = A
WASTE WITH NO
CURRENT USE
DECAY = METHANE!
FOR PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL

17. INDUSTRY
MEETS
INDUSTRY
Yes, industry

18. IN THEORY IN PRACTICE
…
-150 000 tCO2e/yr
+ 0.4 to 2.0 M€/yr
EU MARKET
= ~30 000 AVERAGE CHINESE CITIZENS
(<10% of Jing’an residents in Shanghai)

19. FIRST TAKE-AWAY LESSONS
IT’S FREE

20. WASTE-TO-ENERGY: DON’T UNDERESTIMATE THE CONTEXT
+
EBOLA

21. TRANSFORM AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE
(CHEAPER AND MORE EFFICIENT)

22. ETHICS: IN DEMAND DRIVEN PROJECTS,
DON’T GO FOR WASTE THAT SHOULDN’T EXIST
PALM OIL
SHELLS

23. JUST AN EXAMPLE: LOGISTICS AND WAREHOUSING
TRUCKS WAITING ON THE ROAD
FOR CEMENT LOADING
(BEFORE A PROJECT!)

24. ANOTHER EXAMPLE: SEASONALITY
NEEDS
INVENTORY
HARVEST

25. 2
PHILIPPINES
SAME NEEDS
DIFFERENT SOLUTION

26. RICE HUSKS

27. INVENTORY
1

28. A FACTORY IN THE FACTORY

29. MORE TAKE-AWAY LESSONS
STILL
FREE

30. ENGINEERING IS
SECTOR SPECIFIC:GET HELP

31. WHOLE TYRES (EXIST ALSO IN SHREDDED)

32. WOOD CHIPS OR SAW DUST IMPREGNATED WITH OIL
RESIDUES OR PAINT
ETC…

33. BEWARE OF COMPETITION FOR WASTE
+DONT CREATE INCENTIVE FOR WASTE PRODUCTION
Rice
Husk !!!
Saw dust !!!
Saw
dust Saw
dust
Saw
dust
Rice
Husk
Rice
Husk Rice
Husk
More saw
dust?

34. THE HUMAN FACTOR : NIMBY
People will know you’re burning
(hazardous) waste, they’ll be afraid:
ü Dioxines
ü Furans
ü Heavy metals
ü Odors
ü Pest
ü Road cleanliness
ü … (endless)

35. CHINA
3
NO « EASY » WASTE
THE WATER ISSUE

36. DROUGHT (ex. 2011)
IMPACTS HYDRO POWER

37. Note:
also
extreme
heat
=
addiIonal
A/C

38. POWER
RESTRICTIONS PRICE SURGE
POWER
EFFICIENCY
ALTERNATIVE
POWER SOURCES

39. 2
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY

40. Water boils at 100°C
300 to 750°C at exhaust

41. Exhaust bypass
Heat exchanger
Generator-alternator
Total
heat
loss
28%
Exchanger
recovers
6%
WHR
own
efficiency
20%
Power
reducKon
5-­‐15%

42. SUPPLY
DRIVEN

43. THE 8TH RING OF BEIJING: LANDFILLS MOUNTAINS OF WASTE
AMOUNTS HARD TO IMAGINE OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE

44. A modern
landfill
« Collect the juice,
Collect the gas »

45. Collect Methane Generate
electricity

46. Use the Treat Leachates
electricty

47. Problem partially solved

48. A business card = 1.4g and 2 days before I lose it
19.3 g of CO2e, 5.6g of wood, and 132.4 ml of water
cn.linkedin.com/in/
vandenbogaerde/
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