research and stat

1. GROUP 2
TOPIC 1:
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

2. Presenter:
Mary Ann Y. Abarollo, (Bookkeeper, Sole Proprietor)
Albert June Matre, (Accountant)
Marie Magallanes, (Senior Cost Accountant)

3. Presenter: Mary Ann Y. Abarollo
Topics:
1. Meaning of Research.
2. Understanding of Research and Importance.
3. Who needs research?

4. MEANING OF RESEARCH
➢ From a French word “CERCHIER” meaning “to seek or to search”.
➢ Research is a systematic investigation (i.e. the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or
contribute to generalisable knowledge.
➢ it is an information gathering through a variety of methods to describe a concept and then explore or explain
relationships between the concepts. This definition encompasses two guiding questions of the research
process: what does the researcher want to know, and how will the researcher measure it?
➢ it is a careful study and investigation, especially in order to discover new facts or informations.
➢ it is an essential and powerful tool in leading man towards progress. Without systematic research there would
have been very little progress.
➢ it refers to the systematic investigation of a particular topic or problem to acquire new knowledge or expand
on existing knowledge. It involves collecting and analyzing data through various methods, such as
experiments, surveys, and observations, to gain a deeper understanding of a particular subject.

5. Research is important for several reasons.
➢ First, it helps to expand knowledge and understanding of a particular topic or phenomenon.
This knowledge can then be used to make informed decisions and solve problems in various
fields, including medicine, business, education, and social sciences.
➢ Second, research helps to identify gaps in current knowledge, which can then be addressed
through further research. This helps to ensure that knowledge is constantly advancing and
that our understanding of the world is always improving.
➢ Third, research can lead to the development of new theories and ideas, which can have
significant practical applications. For example, research in medicine has led to the
development of new drugs and treatments, while research in engineering has led to the
development of new technologies.
UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH & IMPORTANCE

6. ➢ In business, understanding research methods enables public and nonprofit
managers to better answer questions and analyze information, which improves
their decision-making capabilities. By understanding research methods,
administrators become better consumers and producers of research.As such,
administrators ask and answer questions that will improve the organization’s
performance, customer service, financial position, and overall decision-making
capabilities.
➢ Research provides managers with the diagnostic capacity to accomplish these
mighty tasks. The veracity and pervasiveness of the information, facts, and
figures collected in the research process are the elements that ultimately
influence the decision-making process.
Overall, research plays a crucial role in advancing knowledge, improving our
understanding of the world, and driving innovation and progress in various fields.

7. There are 12 steps of Research process:
1.Identifying the research question 2.Initial review of literature
3.Distilling the question to a researchable problem. 4.Continued review of literature
5. Formulation of hypothesis. 6.Determining the basic research approach
7.Identifying the population and sample. 8.Designing the data collection plan
9.Selecting or developing data collection instruments 10.Choosing the method of data analysis
11.Implementing the research plan. 12.Interpreting the results.

8. Examples of Importance of Research:
1. Medical research: Medical research has led to the development of new drugs and treatments, as well as improvements in
disease prevention and diagnosis. For example, research on vaccines has led to the development of vaccines for diseases such
as polio, measles, and COVID-19, which have saved countless lives.
2. Business research: Research in business helps companies make informed decisions about market trends, customer needs,
and product development. For example, a company may conduct market research to determine what types of products
consumers are interested in, and then use that information to develop new products that meet those needs.
3. Social science research: Research in social sciences, such as psychology and sociology, helps us understand human behavior
and the factors that influence it. This knowledge can be used to develop interventions and policies that address societal issues,
such as reducing crime or improving mental health.
4. Environmental research: Research in environmental science helps us understand the impact of human activity on the
environment and how we can reduce that impact. For example, research on climate change has led to the development of
renewable energy sources, which can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow the rate of climate change.

9. WHO NEEDS A RESEARCH
Research is for the:
➢ Scientists and Academics: Researchers in various scientific fields need research to expand knowledge, investigate
hypotheses, and make advancements in their respective disciplines
➢ Medical Professionals: Doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals rely on research to improve patient care,
develop new treatments, and enhance medical practices.
➢ Policy Makers and Government Officials: Government entities need research to inform their decision-making processes,
create effective policies, and develop strategies to address social, economic, and environmental challenges.
➢ Businesses and Entrepreneurs:Companies use research to analyze market trends, understand consumer preferences, and
make informed business decisions. Entrepreneurs often conduct research to validate their business ideas and develop
strategies for success.
➢ Nonprofit Organizations: Nonprofits rely on research to gather data and evidence supporting their causes, advocate for
policy changes, and demonstrate the impact of their work.

10. ➢ Students and Educators: Research is essential for students and
educators to deepen their understanding of a subject, develop critical
thinking skills, and contribute to academic knowledge.
➢ Legal Professionals: Attorneys and legal researchers need research to
build strong legal cases, interpret laws, and stay updated on legal
precedents.
➢ Journalists and Media Professionals: Journalists require research to
gather accurate information, verify sources, and produce well-informed
news articles and reports.
➢ Consumers: Individuals rely on research to make informed decisions
when purchasing products or services, whether it's reading reviews,
comparing prices, or evaluating the quality and safety of a particular item

11. The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in
1928 revolutionized the field of medicine. Penicillin,
the first widely used antibiotic, has saved millions of
lives by effectively treating bacterial infections.
Did you know?

12. Presenter: Albert June D. Matre
Topics:
1. What is the Purpose of Research?
2. Characteristic of Research

13. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
The purpose of research is to enhance society by advancing knowledge through scientific theories, concepts and ideas.
A research purpose is met through forming hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing, etc. It summarizes the research
study’s specific topic and goals, providing readers with an accurate, concrete understanding of the findings, the purpose
of research and its characteristics.
The purpose of research is to further understand the world and to learn how this knowledge can be applied to better
everyday life. It is an integral part of problem solving.
The purpose of research can vary depending on the field and specific objectives, but some common purposes of
research include:
1. Advancing knowledge: One of the primary purposes of research is to expand our understanding of a
particular subject or field. Researchers aim to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by uncovering new
information, theories, or insights.

14. 2. Solving problems: Research can be conducted to identify and solve problems or challenges in various areas.
This could involve finding solutions to scientific, social, technological, or environmental issues, among others.
3.Informing decision-making: Research provides valuable data and information that can guide decision-making
processes. Policymakers, businesses, and individuals rely on research findings to make informed choices and develop
effective strategies
4. Developing innovations: Research plays a vital role in driving innovation and technological advancements.
By exploring new ideas, conducting experiments, and testing hypotheses, researchers contribute to the development of
new products, technologies, and processes.
5. Improving practices: Research is often conducted to evaluate and improve existing practices. This can apply
to fields such as medicine, education, psychology, engineering, and more, where researchers aim to identify more
efficient or effective approaches.
6. Generating evidence: Research generates evidence that supports or challenges existing theories,
hypotheses, or claims. This evidence helps to validate or refine existing knowledge, and it forms the basis for making
informed decisions and policies.

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
The investigation of the research topic can be classified into eight types:
1. Cyclic Research
As the name suggests, the cyclic research starts and ends with a question. It is a cyclical process of steps that typically
begins with identifying a research problem or study issue. It then involves reviewing the literature, specifying a purpose for the
study, collecting and analyzing data, and forming an interpretation of information.
2. Analytical Research
In this type of research, data is generated, recorded and analyzed using proven techniques to ensure high accuracy and
repeatability while minimizing potential errors. A variety of people, including students, doctors and psychologists, use analytical
research during studies to find the most relevant information. A person finds out necessary details from analytical research to add
new ideas to the material being produced.
3. Controlled Research
Controlled research investigates with vigorous measures by keeping all research variables constant, excluding the
variables under investigation. IN simpler words, it compares results from a treated group and a control group. The control group
may receive no treatment, a placebo, or a different treatment.
4. Research-based on statistical treatment
Researchers apply statistical methods to a data set to transform it from a group of meaningless numbers into meaningful
output. The mathematical treatment is involved in turning the available data into something more meaningful from which
information can be derived.

16. 5. Systematic approach: Research is a systematic and well-organized process that involves following a set of steps to gather data,
analyze it, and draw conclusions. It involves a structured and methodical approach to answering research questions.
6. Empirical evidence: Research relies on empirical evidence, which is data collected through observation, experimentation, or
other methods of data collection. Empirical evidence forms the basis for research findings and conclusions.
7. Objective and unbiased: Research is conducted with the goal of obtaining objective and unbiased information. Researchers
strive to avoid bias or personal opinions in the research process to ensure that the results are as accurate and reliable as possible.
8. Replicable: Research should be replicable, meaning that the same results can be obtained by other researchers if they follow the
same methodology and use the same data.replicable process that follows a well-defined methodology to answer research questions
and generate new knowledge.
9. Logical and systematic: Research requires a logical and systematic approach to problem-solving. Researchers must develop a
clear and concise research question, hypothesis, or objective, and follow a well-defined methodology to collect and analyze data.
10. Iterative: Research is often an iterative process, meaning that the researcher will refine and adjust their approach as they gather
more data and learn more about the topic. This allows for continuous improvement and a more comprehensive understanding of the
subject.
11. Communicated: Research is often communicated through publications, presentations, and other means. Researchers must
communicate their findings clearly and concisely to ensure that others can understand and build upon their work.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

17. Presenter: Marie Magallanes
Topics:
1. Limitation of a research
2. Qualities of a good researcher

18. LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH
Research, despite its many benefits and contributions, also has its limitations. Here are some common limitations of
research:
❖ Limited scope and generalizability: Research studies often focus on a specific sample or population, which may
limit the generalizability of the findings to a broader context. Results obtained from a particular study may not be
applicable to other populations, settings, or situations.
❖ Time and resource constraints: Research is often constrained by limitations in terms of time, funding, and
resources. These constraints may affect the sample size, data collection methods, or the depth of analysis,
potentially impacting the validity and reliability of the findings.
❖ Ethical considerations: Research involving human subjects must adhere to ethical guidelines to ensure the
well-being and rights of participants. Ethical considerations may limit the types of studies that can be conducted or
introduce biases due to constraints on participant selection or the use of certain procedures.
❖ Measurement and data limitations: Research relies on data collection methods and instruments, which may have
inherent limitations. Measurement errors, biases, and limitations in data collection techniques can impact the
accuracy and reliability of the results.
❖ Subjectivity and bias: Researchers are susceptible to their own biases and subjective interpretations, which may
influence the research process and outcomes. Bias can arise in various stages, such as sample selection, data
collection, data analysis, and interpretation.

19. ❖ Changing contexts: Research is conducted within specific timeframes and contexts, and these contexts can change over
time. Findings that were valid and applicable in the past may become outdated or less relevant as circumstances change.
❖ Practical limitations: Research may face practical constraints, such as limited access to certain populations, restricted
data availability, or difficulty in implementing certain experimental designs. These practical limitations can affect the
feasibility and applicability of the research.
❖ Limited Access to Information: Your study may involve some organizations and people in the research, and sometimes
you may get problems with access to these organizations. Due to this, you need to redesign and rewrite your study. You
need to explain the cause of limited access to your readers.
❖ Time Limits: Needless to say, all the researchers have their deadlines when they need to complete their studies.
Sometimes, time constraints can affect your research negatively. If this happened, you need to acknowledge it and mention
a need for future research to solve the main problem.
LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH

20. ❖ Conflicts on Biased Views and Personal Issues: Some researchers can have biased views because of their cultural
background or personal views. Needless to say, it can affect the research. Apart from this, researchers with biased views
can choose only those results and data that support their main arguments. If you want to avoid this problem, pay your
attention to the problem statement and proper data gathering.
It's important to acknowledge these limitations and interpret research findings with caution. Researchers continually strive to
address these limitations and improve the quality and applicability of their work.
LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH

21. QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER
❖ Curiosity and passion: Good researchers possess a natural curiosity and a genuine passion for their field of
study. They have aing: Good researchers are skilled in critical thinking, which involves analyzing information,
questioning assumptions, and evaluating evidence. They can identify flaws or gaps in existing knowledge and
develop logical and reasoned arguments.
❖ Strong analytical skills: Researchers need strong analytical skills to process and interpret data effectively.
They can apply various statistical or qualitative analysis techniques to derive meaningful insights from their
data.
❖ Attention to detail: Paying attention to detail is crucial in research. Good researchers are meticulous in their
work, ensuring accurate data collection, thorough literature reviews, and precise documentation.
❖ Problem-solving skills: Research often involves addressing complex problems or challenges. Good
researchers have strong problem-solving abilities and can develop innovative approaches to overcome
obstacles and find solutions.

22. QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER
❖ Persistence and resilience: Research can be a challenging and iterative process. Good researchers demonstrate
persistence and resilience in the face of setbacks or unexpected results. They are willing to experiment, learn from failures,
and keep pushing forward.
❖ Effective communication: Good researchers can communicate their ideas, methods, and findings effectively. They possess
strong written and verbal communication skills, allowing them to articulate complex concepts and present their work to both
specialized and non-specialized audiences.
❖ Collaboration and teamwork: Collaboration is often crucial in research, particularly in interdisciplinary or team-based
projects. Good researchers can work well with others, contribute to a team environment, and leverage diverse perspectives
and expertise.
❖ Ethical conduct: Good researchers adhere to ethical principles and guidelines in their work. They prioritize the well-being
and rights of research participants, maintain integrity in data collection and analysis, and ensure transparency in reporting
their findings.
❖ Continuous learning: Research is an ongoing process of learning and discovery. Good researchers embrace lifelong
learning and stay updated with the latest advancements, methodologies, and theories in their field.
While possessing these qualities can contribute to being a good researcher, it's important to note that researchers can develop and
improve these skills through experience, training, and mentorship.

23. Thank you for listening!