7.) Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in a very different family, the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the morphological similarities of these two species are probably due to: a) the inheritance of acquired characteristics b) sexual selection c) inheritance of shared derived characters d) possession of analogous structures e) possession of shared derived characters 8.) A paraphyletic group includes: a) a basal taxon b) the groups that form the nodes on a phylogenetic tree c) an ancestral species and all of its descendants d) species that show convergent evolution e) an ancestral species and some of its descendants 9.) Since all organisms share a common ancestor, it comes as no surprise that some characteristics are shared while others are not. If we consider hair and the backbone of mammals (which are vertebrates), we can say that the former is a(n) while the latter is a(n) a) monophyletic characteristic, paraphyletic characteristic b) monophyletic characteristic, polyphyletic characteristic c) shared derived character, shared ancestral character d) shared ancestral character, shared derived character e) ingroup, outgroup 10.) Refer to the figure to the right. A group that includes taxa C, D, E, F and G , but not the ancestor is called ... a) a monophyletic group b) the outgroup c) a polyphyletic group d) a paraphyletic group e) the ingroup 11.) An outgroup is an important part of a phylogenetic analysis. What is the function of the outgroup in this type of analysis? a) It reflects the ancestral states of the characters used in the analysis b) It is the species for which we are interested in studying its evolutionary relationship c) It reflects the derived states of the characters used in the analysis d) It reflects the shared derived states (synapomorphies) of the characters used in the analysis 12.) An outgroup should be: a) part of the ingroup b) as closely related to the ingroup as possible without being part of the ingroup c) as distantly related to the ingroup as possible d) the predator of the species in the ingroup .

1. 7.) Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser
panda in a very different family, the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the
morphological similarities of these two species are probably due to: a) the inheritance of
acquired characteristics b) sexual selection c) inheritance of shared derived characters d)
possession of analogous structures e) possession of shared derived characters 8.) A paraphyletic
group includes: a) a basal taxon b) the groups that form the nodes on a phylogenetic tree c) an
ancestral species and all of its descendants d) species that show convergent evolution e) an
ancestral species and some of its descendants 9.) Since all organisms share a common ancestor, it
comes as no surprise that some characteristics are shared while others are not. If we consider hair
and the backbone of mammals (which are vertebrates), we can say that the former is a(n) while
the latter is a(n) a) monophyletic characteristic, paraphyletic characteristic b) monophyletic
characteristic, polyphyletic characteristic c) shared derived character, shared ancestral character
d) shared ancestral character, shared derived character e) ingroup, outgroup 10.) Refer to the
figure to the right. A group that includes taxa C, D, E, F and G , but not the ancestor is called ...
a) a monophyletic group b) the outgroup c) a polyphyletic group d) a paraphyletic group e) the
ingroup 11.) An outgroup is an important part of a phylogenetic analysis. What is the function of
the outgroup in this type of analysis? a) It reflects the ancestral states of the characters used in
the analysis b) It is the species for which we are interested in studying its evolutionary
relationship c) It reflects the derived states of the characters used in the analysis d) It reflects the
shared derived states (synapomorphies) of the characters used in the analysis 12.) An outgroup
should be: a) part of the ingroup b) as closely related to the ingroup as possible without being
part of the ingroup c) as distantly related to the ingroup as possible d) the predator of the species
in the ingroup