anti cancer drug , medicinal chemistry , pharmacology ,

1. ANTICANCER DRUGS

2. ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT
• GOAL OF TREATMENT: to
treat cancer cells and
conserve normal cells by
interfering with cancer cell
reproduction
• USE
• Cure
• Relieve symptoms
• Prevent complication
• Reduce tumor size before
surgery
• TYPES OF AGENT
• Cell cycle specific: respond
during a specific cycle of
the cell
• Cell cycle non-specific:
respond during any phase
• Recovery period is needed
to allow normal cell to
regenerate 
chemotherapy may be
given for several month
then stopped for a period
of time

3. ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT
• PRINCIPLE OF
CHEMOTHERAPY
• Timing of dose around the
cell cycle and in relation to
other drugs is critical
• Combination therapy is
more effective
• Effectiveness of the drug
relies on the number of
cells in division
• Classification of agent
according to tissue
response if infiltration
occurs
• Vesicant : cause blister,
tissue sloughing, necrosis
• Non-vesicant : no severe
tissue destruction, usually
administered first
• Irritant : cause
thrombophlebitis, cellulitis,
possible necrosis

4. ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT
• HANDLING OF THE DRUGS
• Use gloves, protective
garment, mask
• Prime IVF with saline
solution
• Disposed all used in
preparation and
administration in container
labeled “HAZARDOUS
WASTE”
• DURING ADMINISTRATION
• Choose appropriate site 
distal to proximal, avoid
sites over joints
• Consider sequence,
delivery, vesicant property
• Check for blood return in IV
• Avoid extravasation

5. ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT
MAJOR SIDE
EFFECTS
• Bone Marrow
Depression
• Leukopenia : decrease
WBC
• Assess for infection 
monitor temperature
• Thrombocytopenia :
decrease platelet
• Assess for bleeding 
petechiae
• Anemia : monitor H&H
• Pallor of skin
• Increased fatigue
• Shortness of breath

6. ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT
• Nausea & Vomiting
• Stomatitis
• Alopecia
• CLASSIFICATION OF
DRUGS
• Alkylating agent
• Antimetabolites
• Antibiotics
• Hormonal agent
• Radioactive agent

7. ALKYLATING AGENTS
• Disrupt structure of
DNA
• Cell cycle nonspecific
• COMMON DRUGS
• Busulfan – Myleran
• Chlorambucil –
Leukeran
• Cisplatin – Platinol
• Mechlorethamine -
Mustard
• USE
• Leukemia
• Hodgkin’s
• CA of breast, ovaries,
testes, prostate

8. ALKYLATING AGENTS
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Bone marrow
depression  severe
side effect
• N & V
• alopecia
• NURSING
CONSIDERATION
• Cause infertility
problem
• Mustard is a vesicant
• Cisplatin is irritant

9. ANTIMETEBOLITES
• Cell cycle specific
• Inhibit DNA and RNA
synthesis
• COMMON DRUGS
• Cytarabine – Cytosar-U
• Fluxuridine – FUDR
• Fluorouracil – 5FU
• Mercatopurine –6-MP
• Methotrexate - MTX
• USE
• Effective in rapidly
proliferating cancer
• Leukemia
• Ca of the breast, GIT, neck,
cervix
• ADVERSE EFFECT
• Bone marrow depression
• stomatitis

10. ANTIMETEBOLITES
NURSING CONSIDERATION
• Can cause nephrotoxicity  monitor lab results
• Encourage fluid intake
• May take folic acid increase protection of normal
cell

11. HORMONAL ANTINEPLASTIC AGENTS
• Cytostatic : alter
hormonal environment
of tumor
• USE: CA of
• Prostate
• Breast
• Endometrium
• Renal system
• COMMON AGENTS
• Androgen
• Estrogen
• Pogesterone
• Corticosteroids
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• N & V
• alopecia

12. RADIOACTIVE DRUG
• Emits radiation
• To destroy specific cell
• Cell specific
• USES:
• Leukemia
• Thyroid CA
• SIDE EFFECT
• Bone marrow depression
• NURSING CONSIDERATION
• Require isolation
precaution  prevent
radiation contamination

13. ANTIBIOTICS
• Cell cycle specific
• Non cell cycle specific
• Binds with DNA
• USE
• Hodgkin’s
• Testicular carcinoma
• Breast and bladder CA
• COMON DRUGS
• Doxorubicin –
Adriamycin
• Bleomycin – Blenoxane
• Plicamycin = Mithracin

14. ANTIBIOTICS
• ADVERSE EFFECT
• Bone marrow
depression – severe
side effect
• N & V
• Alopecia
• NURSING IMPLICATION
• Al are vesicant except
bleomycin  irritant
• Teach sign of infection

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you