This document provides information about an electrical seminar presented by Gajaria Gokal. It includes Gajaria's contact information and credentials. The seminar will cover an overview of preventing shocks and fires in low voltage electrical systems in residential buildings and industrial plants according to various Indian, international, and British standards. The document also lists some of the topics that will be covered, including electrical installations in residential buildings according to IEC 60364 and lists of IEC standards. It emphasizes safety and following standards, and notes some of the dangers of electricity.

1. PRESENTED BY , Draft Copy
1
Gajaria Gokal
Electrical Engineer, B.E., M.E.(USA), IET (UK)
Address:
Blue Empire Complex, Blue Arch Building, E wing,
flat E-702, Mahivar Nagar off Link Road,
Kandivali West, 400067, Mumbai
Telephone: 022-28688097, Mobile: 9870374990,
E Mail: gajaria@hotmail.com and gajaria@gmail.com
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

2. Seminar on Overview, Prevent
Shock and Fire
in Low Voltage System in
Electrical Installation
in Residential Buildings and
Industrial Plants
as per Indian Standards,
International Standard, IEC60364
and British Standard BS7671:20182
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

3. Name:
Gajaria Gokal
Education:
B.E. in India and M.E. from Tulane University, USA
Experience:
35 Years Experience Electrical Design and Installation
At US Navy, I became familiar with International
Standards:
• IEC Standards 63704 for Residential Buildings and
Industrial Plant.
• National Electrical Code (NEC), USA 3
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

4. Overview of
TRAINING
on Skype or
E mail slides or at
Premises
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

5. Electrical Installation in Residential Buildings, IEC60364 (1/3)
5
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.
URL nmber:

6. Electrical Installation in Residential Buildings, IEC60364 (2/3)
6
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

7. Electrical Installation in Residential Buildings, IEC60364, (3/3)
7
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

8. List of IEC Standard 60364 (1/2)
8
Part 5: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment
• Section 51: Common rules
• Section 52: Wiring systems
• Section 53: Isolation, switching and
control
• Section 54: Earthing arrangements,
protective conductors and protective
bonding conductors
• Section 55: Other equipment (Note:
Some national standards provide an
individual document for each chapter
of this section, i.e.
• 551 Low-voltage generating sets, 557
Auxiliary circuits,
• 559 Luminaires and lighting
installations)
• Section 56: Safety services
• Part 6: Verification
IEC, List cost about Rs. 2 lakhs: updated
every year,
• NO Guides. How to Understand?
• Indian Standards are based IEC. No Guide.
Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment
of general characteristics, definitions
• Part 4: Protection for safety
• Section 41: Protection against electric
shock
• Section 42: Protection against thermal
effects
• Section 43: Protection
against overcurrent
• Section 44: Protection against voltage
disturbances and electromagnetic
disturbances
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

9. List IEC Standard 60364, Google, (1/2)
• Part 7: Requirements for special installations
or locations Section. Increase shock
• 701: Electrical installations in bathrooms
• Section 702: Swimming pools and other
basins
• Section 703: Rooms and cabins containing
sauna heaters
• Section 704: Construction and demolition site
installations
• Section 705: Electrical installations of
agricultural and horticultural premises
• Section 706: Restrictive conductive locations
• Section 708: Electrical installations in caravan
parks and caravans
• Section 709: Marinas and pleasure craft
• Section 710: Medical locations
• Section 712: Solar photovoltaic (PV) power
supply systems
• Section 713: Furniture
• Section 714: External lighting
• Section 715: Extra-low-voltage lighting
installations
• Section 717: Mobile or transportable units
• Section 718: Communal facilities and
workplaces
• Section 721: Electrical installations in
caravans and motor caravans
• Section 722: Supplies for Electric Vehicles
• Section 729: Operating or maintenance
gangways
• Section 740: Temporary electrical installations
for structures, amusement devices and
booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and
circuses
• Section 753: Heating cables and embedded
heating systems
9
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

10. Fundamental of standard is safety of persons, livestock, property
against dangers and damage which may arise by use of Electrical
Installations
• Shock
• Fire
• Arc
• Burn
• Explosion
• Isolation of electrical
Equipment
• switching off in Emergency
Undervoltage:
Generally, 6% to 10% voltage,
allowed.
Overvoltage due to:
• Lightning
• High Voltage switching
Power interruptions
Electromagnetic disturbance:
• Electricity produce magnetic field.
May effect data cable and etc.
10
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

11. Reference Book
Online
11
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

12. Article is based on Standard Wiring Code IS732:2019 Earthing
IS3043:2018 and “Electrical Installation Guide 2018”, International
Electrical Standards, IEC 60364. (1/2)
“ Electrical Installation Guide 2018,”
• Low Voltage Residential Building
• Download free on line. 500 pages
• By Schneider Electric company,
France.
• Actively involve to develop IEC
standards.
• Low Voltage Residential Buildings.
Design and Installation Guide
• IS standards are cost about Rs,
25,000. This complete information
is available in onside Guide.
12
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

13. Electrical Installation Guide 2018, by Schneider Electric Co., France. (2/2)
13
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA
• Electrical Design Software.
• IEC is followed in most of
Countries in World and
Europe.
Indian Electrical Standards
are as per IEC
• India Standards NOT
UPDATED
• NO Guides, How to
Understand?
Go to General Contents, page 5
(7/535). Read chapters:
• Click, Chapter A, Design Guide
• Click, Chapter E, LV Distribution,
• Chapter F, Protection against
Electric Shock and fire and
chapter
• Chapter G, Sizing of Protective
Conductors
• Chapter J, Overvoltage
Protection
• Chapter Q, Residential Building
premises and Special Locations

14. Contents
14
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

15. Earthing and Electric shock due to what?
1. Types Earthing System: TT, TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C and
IT. T in French. “Earth”
2. Popular Methods: TN-C-S, TN-S, TT
3. Shock: Due to
•Basic: Direct touch live wire
•Fault: touch equipment metal body during fault
•Basic and Fault: due to 2 above reasons
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal

16. Popular Methods: Protection against Electric Shock
1. TN-S and TN-C-S Earthing System:
“Low Earth Fault Loop Impedance (EFLI)” of fault circuit
for Automatic Disconnection of supply (ADS) by
breaker.
• Additional Protection by RCD 30mA
2. TT Earthing System: By Residual Current Device
(RCD)
• Additional shock protection by RCD 30mA
3. Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) ≤ 50V AC.
E.g.: Pool lights 12 V AC

17. Two Level of Protection against shock and additional protection by
RCD 30mA
First Level of Protection:
1. TN-S, TN-C-S Earthing, First Level of Fault
Protection, ADS: ADS during fault by breaker to
prevent shock and fire
• TT System Earthing, ADS: By RCD during fault.
2. Second Level of shock Protection:
• Main Equipotential Bonding (MEPB) at main switch
• Increase shock Risk Location: Mandatory Additional
Equipotential bonding (AEPB)
3. Additional protection by RCD 30mA
17
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

18. Increase shock risk location, Cause and how to prevent? Rule 2
• Location, Bathroom: Many Accidents
• High Increase Shock Risk Location
• Presence of Water, wet,
• Humidity,
• water earthed metal pipe
Installation: small Bahtroom 6’x 6’
• Only Lights, IP 44 and
• exhaust fan 12 V or ventilation Grill
• No sockets, No Light Switch
Shock Protection:
• Mandatory to install all
circuits RCD 30mA
Location, Outdoor: Many Accidents
• High Increase shock
• Wet, presence of water,
• open foot, touching open ground.
Prefer No Sockets outdoor:
• DB RCD 30mA, Outdoor electrical
and Lights. or
British socket indoor RCD 30mA
with adaptor for Indian plug or
• Indian Extension wire sockets
change to British Plug
Shock Protection:
• All circuits by RCD 30mA
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

19. Cable Main Cause of Fire and how to prevent? (1/5)
Rule 1: Select Size of cable as per calculation and current
rating of breaker
• Cable current rating in conduit is less on cable tray, open to
air
Rule 2: Prefer NEVER cable brunched togther
Rule 3: cable tray, cable to install touchng, Specased o[r
single core in Trefoil
Rule 4: Cable correction factor due to grouping cable. Study
in detail. Please, study slide 5 in detail
e.g.: Cable in conduit or bunched together.
• Current derating 0=0.5 x I. I is cable current rating open to
air
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

20. Main Cause of Fire in Electrical due to Cable (2/5)
Cable < PVC, Plastic < acing fault < size of cable lower then Protective
device breaker < PVC melt is few seconfs < Fire spread in few seconds.
Main Cause of fire due to cable:
• Cable produce heat and heat to dissipate.
• Size of cable lower than Protective device breaker rating
• Protective device breaker rating lower then load current
• NO proper study of Method of Installation, enclosed or open to air. If
require visual check. This one of the main reason of fire.
• in Conduit, bunch together so enclosed, No open to air, Current rating
much reduce
• on clip on wall or on cable tray open to air, higher current rating
• Cable current correction factor for temperature and Grouping,
• On cable tray, cable to install touching, spaced or single core trefoil
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

21. Most Important is cable to dissipate heat (3/5)
21
More Air space to dissipate heat No Space to Dissipate heat

22. Cables Installations on Cable tray (3/4)
22
Trefoil, for single core cable
Example: Current correction factors: ?
Cable install enclosed, in conduit or duct in Ground. 5 cable touching, spaced D or spaced 2D or trefoil
Question:
What is current correction factor In group
Refer to
Slide 209
Space, D, correction 0.9,
Spaced 2D No correction
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

23. CABLE CURRENT CORRECTION DUE TO GROUPING (5/5)
Important: Major cable current correction factors
23
Open to air
Open to air
Enclosed, Conduit
Bunched
5 circuits group together, correction factor 0.6
Important * 1 Circuit means, single phase 2 or 3 phase 3 wire together or 1 multi core cable
MARKED single layer. Means only one layer.
Clipped to wall
Install on cable tray
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

24. Protection against Electric Fire
1. Combustion Materials storage: 300mA RCD
• Textiles, Paper, wood and etc.
• Mandatory to install RCD 300mA at main switch or DB main switch
• RCD cost Rs.10,000. Save life and billion of Rs. Loss.
2. AFDD: Arc fault Detection Device
• Protection against fire due to arc.
• Use in Europe 2012 and USA since 2009. Not in Indian Standard
• Recommend to install in high rise building, Prestige building,
Museaum senior Citizen home, school and others as per risk of fure.
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

25. Bureau of India Standards (BIS) to follow
DANGER:
•Please, do NOT attempt do any electrical
work
•Follow as per Bureau of Indian standards
(BIS)
•Seminar is based on IEC60364
•Indian standards are based on IEC60364.
•I have use red font, about Danger of
electricity.
25
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

26. Danger of Electricity
Shock, Loss of Life.
Fire, Loss of Life and Billion
Rupee loss.
Burn from Arc.
Explosion.
26
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

27. Standards and
books
standard is Law and Legal Documents
between Consultant and Contractor for
any Dispute.
Accountability for Responsibility
27
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

28. ELECTRICAL STANDARDS IN THE WORLD
There are 2 standards
IEC, In Europe and World:
• International
Electrotechnology Standards
(IEC) based in Geneva,
Switzerland
• develop Electrical Standards
is followed most countries in
the world
• All European standard are
based on IEC
• Our Indian Standards are
based on IEC standards.
ANSI, In USA
American National Standards
Institute (ANSI):
• National Electrical Code
(NEC) approved by ANSI as
standards. One book.
• This is similar to IEC60364.
• It is part of National Fire
Protection Associations
(NFPA)
• This is followed in mostly in
South America and other
countries. 28
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

29. British Standard, BS7671:2018, Requirements for Electrical Installations, by
IET Wiring Regulations
BS as per IEC 60364:
British, European Standard
Indian are based on IEC
British Standard publish by:
• www. Institute of Electrical
technology (IET), Publish
by www.theiet.org
• IEC and NO GUIDE,
Schools, books.
• How to understand?
• BS has all books, Guide,
school and officially
publish by Standard
Cost:
1. IEC Standards,
• 20 books cost 1.5 lakhs.
• Update every year
2. British Standards:
• British Standards BS7671:2018,
• Book cost Pound 80
• 9 Guides, each cost pounf 25
3. On Line down load
4. IET Academy can e learning for
Engineers Electricians. College can buy
Multi users.
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

30. IET, develops Guides for Electrical Installation for BS7671:2018
IET, develop and publish the 9 guide
1. IEE Guidance Note No. 1: Selection and erection;
2. IEE Guidance Note No. 2: Isolation and switching;
3. IEE Guidance Note No. 3: Inspection and testing;
4. IEE Guidance Note No. 4: Protection against fire
5. IEE Guidance Note No. 5: Protection against electric shock
6. IEE Guidance Note No. 6: Protection against overcurrent;
7. IEE Guidance Note No. 7: Special locations;
8. IEE Guidance Note No. 8: Earthing and bonding;
9. IEE On-site Guide: Guidance for the small installation.
• Each book cost about Rs.2500.
• Note: You require Guides to understand Standard, IEC and Indian Standard do
not produce any guides.
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

31. IET, UK publish “wiring matters magazine” as per
BS7671:2018 and Electrical Safety, Consumer Guide
“wiring matters magazine” every
2 months.
• Free online
• They discuss standards.
• Very Good information
• Information from expert and
manufacturer
• www.theiet.org < click electric
sites on top left side < click
wiring matters square.
• Articles are available from 2019
to 2004.
www.Electricalsafetyfirst.
org.UK
•Consumer Guide: Free
on line
•Very Good Information.
•Easy to follow
•Enjoy to read. Mobile
App. Available.
•Must read.
31
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

32. British Standard books based on IEC, BS7671:2018
Author: Brian Scaddan:
•Download 17th Edition
free
•or buy from Amazon
Rs.2500. BS7671:2018.
Books:
1, Design and Verification
of Electrical Installation,
Bs7671:2008
2, Explain and Illustrated,
BS7671:2008, IEE wiring
regulation
3. Guide to Wiring
Regulations, 17th Edition IEE
Wiring Regulation, BS
7671:2008
• Author: Darrell Locke
• Electrical Contractors
Association (ECA).
• Book by Practical engineers
• Very Good Information
• Download online free or
• Buy 2018 edition, May be
publish in 3 months.
• Cost Rs. $ 60 32
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

33. Electricians course as per BS standard in College
Conclusion:
• How to Prevent Shock and fire?
• Most important is training of
Engineer and electricians
If do not change?
• More Shock
• More Fire,
• Loss of Life Billion of Rs. Loss
How to prevent shock and
Fire:
• British Standard to follow, Best
option.
• Books, Guide, training, college,
online training and etc, 33
Electricians Course in UK:
• City & Guide is name of school in
UK,
• they produce complete Vocational
training course all subject.
• Book, training, on course, college
• Pass examination to get license to
practice.
IET Academy, course online, Multi
user for college.
Indian point of view:
• Electricians do not require pass
exam.
• Get license to practice.
• Is there is book, training, On site
Guide refer to site? In UK, yes
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

34. PC and
Mobile Applications
for Electrical
Installations
Calculations
34
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

35. “Electrical Safety first” PC and Mobile Electrician app
www.Electricalsafetyfirst.org
.uk
•This is also available on PC
and mobile app.
•Consumer Guide.
•Must read
•Easy to Understand
•Create awareness in
electrical Consumer safety
35
“Mobile Electrician”:
By Anatolly Trasenko
• Very Good app.
Size of cable.
IEC:
• Click IEC and make calculations
• Click other icons, converters, cable,
conductor and etc.
Buy Mobile Electricians Pro version, Rs. 120
Do not click:
• PUE, CEC, nations in Europe. Own local
standard.
• Do not use this. SMOKO, ignore, games for
funs
• NEC: Nation Electrical Code, USA
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

36. “Electrical Calculations” PC and mobile app, Android
PC Computer Program:
•Cable size and voltage drop
as per IEC.
•www.cablesizer.com. Free
• Very useful
• Takes all correction factors
Read “Electrical Installation
Guide”
Chapter G, Sizing of
Protective Conductors
Mobile App
•“Electrical Calculations”,
by Ettore Galine:
•Free online, Pro Rs.190.
One time
•Cable size calculation
•Maximum length of wire.
•Motor current rating
•Voltage Drop and etc.
36
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

37. Electrical Blog: Votimum, leading Electrical Portal, UK and EEP
https://www.voltimum.co.uk
• Very good Practical information
• This is established by
Manufacturers
• Located in many countries
• Questions and Answer
• Webinars.
• Produce Articles every day.
• In Search: Type RCD, get all
information
https://electrical-
engineering-portal.com/
•EEP biggest Portal in
the world.
•Very Good Information.
•Basic, college books,
•Articles, publications by
Manufacturer.
37
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.
Most Important, Correct size of cable for load current

38. Contents
38
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

39. Seminar is based on
Low Voltage (LV)
50V ≥ and
≤1000V
Low does not mean Low Voltage
39
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

40. Overview
1. Earthing Types: TT, TN-S, TN-C-S, TN-C and IT. T” in French means earth, S –
Separate, C – Combined and I – Isolated.
2. Shock: Method of Protection against Basic(touch), Fault, Basic and touch.
3. RCD 30mA: Protection against shock.
4. RCD 30mA: Widely use for Additional Protection against Shock
5. RCD 300mA: Combutional Material: Protection against Fire, Book, Textiles, wood
6. Cable main cause of fire: Methods of Installation, size of cable
7. Arc Fault Detection Device (AFDD), protection against fire due to Arc.
8. Bathroom, High Increase shock risk location, RCD 30mA Protection
9. Outdoor, High Increase Shock Risk locations, RCD 30mA Protection.
10. Main Equipotential Bonding (MEPB) at meter room. Bonded all Earthed metal Parts
11. Additional Equipotential Bonding (AEPB): Additional bonding between Conductive
Parts.
12. Electrical Safety: Arc and Explosion. 40
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

41. Nr. Contents Items
1 Scope, Object, and Fundamental
Principles
Protection against Shock and fire,
Arcing Ground fault.
2 Definitions Definition of each Terms
3 Assessment of General
Characteristics and external
influences.
water, dust, high temperature,
Presence of Ground and etc.
4 Protection for safety Over Current, Short Circuit, Shock,
Fire, Overvoltage, Arcing, Ground
fault current, etc.
5 Protection against Shock RCD (ELCB) current rating 30mA
and gives addition fire protection.
Cost Rs. 1000.
There are Main Nine Parts of IEC Standards (1/2)
41Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

42. 42
6 Protection against fire in combustible
materials storage, Textiles, Timber,
Agriculture and etc.
500mA, Prefer 300mA ≤ RCD (ELCB)
at main Incomer. Cost Rs. 5000 to
10000
7 Selection and Erection of Equipment Voltage drop, use of RCD, Isolation,
size of earth wire and cable.
8 Inspection and Testing Visual Inspection, Earth Electrodes
resistance meter. RCD meter, Earth
Loop impedance tester and etc.
8 Special Location: increase and high
increase shock risk. Wet Body, wet
area, outdoor ground.
Bathroom, outdoors of building,
swimming pools, Construction site,
Petrol Pumps and etc,
There are main nine parts to IEC Standards (2/2)
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

43. EARTHING SYSTEM IN LOW VOLTAGE (1/5)
“T” in French Language means “Earth”, N- Neutral, C- Combine and S- Separate
43
Earth Neutral Combine
Earth Neutral Combine then Separate
Earth Neutral Separate
Earth Earth
Isolated Earth
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

44. TT, TN-S TN-C-S AND IT EARTHING SYSTEM
• TN-S System
44
TN-C-S system

45. TT, TN-S TN-C-S AND IT E ARTHING SYSTEM
T” in French Language means “Earth”, N- Neutral, C- Combine and S-
Separate, Fault line and arrow
• TN-S System
45
TN-C-S system
TT System
IT System

46. TT System
T (Earth) at source and T
(Earth) at consumer
• Widely use in India, Japan
and rural area.
• Fault current flow through
Earth electrode
Pros: Simple to install
Cons:
• Generally, Earth electrode has
high resistance. NO ADS
• RCD require for Protection
against shock
46

47. TN-S System
Widely use if facility supply
from one transformer:
• T(Earth) and N(Neural)
separate
• Fault current flow in
Protective conductor for
protection against shock by
Low Earth Loop Impedance
Complete protection by earth
wire. This can check easily.
47

48. TN-S-C Earthing System
Widely Use in Europe and USA:
T (Earth) and N (Neutral)
combine up to consumer main
Intake supply then separate (S):
• Pros: Fault current flow
through neutral so path for
protection against shock by
breaker.
Cons:
If neutral cut at A then all metal
parts rise to 240V, Dangerous.
• Not use in increase shock risk
location, Pool, construction
site, carven and etc.
48

49. IT Earthing System
Use in Hospitals, Process
Plant and etc
Isolated at source (I) and
Earth (E) at consumer:
• first fault breaker will not
trip but alarm
• High security of supply since
• First fault leakage current
flow through Earth. Alarm
and rectify immediately
• Second fault same time then
short circuits 49

50. TN-C Earthing System
50
T(Earth) and N(Neutral)
combine:
• This is NOT USE in Practice,
• Since Neutral is cut then all
earth metal parts rise to 240V.
• Person touch equipment metal
during fault then shock current
flow from person to source
earth.
• Person get 240V shock,
Dangerous

51. TN-C-S, TN-S and TT Earthing System
516 Minutes

52. Types of Electric Supply Earthing System, UK
52
17 minutes

53. Types of Earthing System and Method of Earthing
53
4 minutes

54. Method of Protection against Electric Shock
54
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

55. Electric shock to prevent
by Residual current
Device, RCD 30mA in
DB or socket
Cost Rs.1000

56. Shock Risk, Increase Shock risk, High
increase shock Risk locations

57. Principal of RCD
• I1 and I2 pass through CT
• Current are equal. So No current
I3 to sensor, Magnetic field
cancel each other.
• Fault at F
• Current I1 and I2 not equal.
Magnetic field produce current
I3
• I3 amplify and energize solenoid
to disconnect beaker.
• The difference current is known
as the “residual” current
principle. 57
Principle of RCD
Fault
Breaker
F
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

58. Difference between, MCB, RCCB (ELCB), RCBO and RCD
58
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

59. RCD 30mA, DIFFERENT TYPES AVAILBLE IN UK,
59
1
2
3
6
4
RCD 30mA widely widely use for
protection against shock:
• Addition Protection in Increase shock
risk location
• Different types of RCD are available
in UK market. Each cost Rs.1000
1. RCD 1, DIN rail mounted in DB.
2. RCBO 2 (MCB+RCD 30mA)
3. *Socket RCD 3, can use India with
adaptor plug, Install in dry location
inside for outdoor use. Widely use.
4. RCD 4, Indian Plug use line in cable
of electrical item.
5. RCD 5, Plug RCD 30mA for socket
6. RCD 6 and 7, extension reel with ,
with adaptor Indian Plug, RCD
30mA.
*Easy to install. Becoming more Popular.
5
RCBO =
MCB+ RCD
30mA
7
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

60. RCD 30mA, Protection against Shock but Additional
protection against fire due earth fault
Mandatory, required by Law:
•All lights and sockets up
32A indoor shall be
protection against shock by
RCD 30mA.
•All Outdoors lights and
sockets up to 32A shall be
Protection against shock by
RCD 30mA
•Main Purpose RCD
30mA is protection
against shock
•but gives additional
Protection against
Fire due to Earth
fault
60
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

61. Methods of Protection against Shock
Widely use:
Basic: Touch Live wire
• By Insulation or barrier
• Additional RCD 30mA
Fault Protection: touching electrical item
metal enclosure due fault.
• TN-S and TN-C-S : Automatic disconnection
of supply (ADS) by breakers
• Reduce Low Voltage. LL 110V and LN 55V
• Double insulated
• Electrical separation, one item.
TT System:
ADS by RCD
Basic and Fault:
Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) ≤ 50V
Very limited use.
• refer to Guide for more detail.
• if use then supervision by
skilled person and instructed
person:
(1) Obstacles
(2) placing out of reach
(3) Non Conducting Location
(4) Earth free local equipotential
bonding
(5) Electrical separation*
*Supply to more then one item
current using equipment.
61
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

62. ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND ELECTRICITY KILLS
There are 6 factors that electrical shock
may kill:
• Body Wet
• Touching Earthed Metal pipes, e.g.:
Metal Water pipes
• Outdoor
• Amount of current flow through body
in mA
• How much time current flow through
body in ms
• Which Part Current flow in body, In
heart is dangerous. Touch by Left
hand
• 5mA to 10mA can paralysis hand.
You can not let go item from hand. As
if grip the item. Sock
62
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

63. Widely use methods for protection against Shock
63
Bathroom and Outdoor: Very High Risk shock Locations, Protection by RCD 30mA for all circuits. Socket up to 32A
Combutional Materials: Textiles, wood, Paper, RCD 300mA. Consumer Guide, www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk
Touch metal electrical
Item enclosure
Touch Live Wire
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

64. Bathroom, High Increase Shock risk
Location
Presence of water, wet body, Earthed
metal pipes e.g. metal water pipes and
etc. as these are ground.
• Many accident happens in Bathroom
and loss of life.
• Three children take bath tube with
hair dryer. All were killed due to
electrical Shock.
• Many Accidents due to hair dryer.
• Our bathroom small. Install only
following items to prevent Shock:
Electrical items in Bathroom:
• Light fitting, waterproof to IP44.
• Exhaust fan 12 V AC or ventilation
Shock protection, all circuits:
RCD 30mA 64
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

65. Shock Risk, Increase Shock risk, High increase shock Risk
locations
65
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

66. Bathroom Electrical shock high risk locations 1/2
Bathroom: Our bathroom are
generally small, 6 feet by 10 feet
• Light fitting, preferably
insulated, waterproof IP44
• All circuits inside Bathroom 30
mA RCD.
• ALL circuits in wall of Bathroom
with RCD 30mA
• NO Exhaust fan 230V,
• NO socket 230V
• NO water heater 230V
• Exhaust Fan waterproof 12V AC
Available in UK or Grill,
• NO Light switches inside the
Bathroom.
66
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

67. Bathroom Location: Earth fault loop current from metal water pipe
Person touch metal water pipes
during fault:
• Person wet, body resistance
reduce, bare foot and etc.
• Fault current flow from metal
pipe in ground to complete circuit
through source Earth Electrode.
Solution:
• Use Plastic water main pipes
instead of metal pipes
• Now water pipes are plastic
67
Water Pipes
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

68. Shock protection outdoor is most
challenging and require careful
planning:
• Many people get killed outdoor.
• All lights and sockets up to 32A
outdoor with RCD 30mA, IP44
Use Indoor socket RCD 30mA in dry
location for outdoor equipment
.
• RCD 30mA is not install in DB then
• Use UK sockets with plug adaptor.
Danger, Outdoor sockets:
• Do not install outdoor sockets.
• Very difficult to get qualified train
electricians to install outdoor socket
68
Indoor Socket
with RCD
30mA
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.
OUTDOOR HIGH RISK Shock Location, Wet body, Wet Location, bare foot,
Standing on open Earth

69. Outdoor Light pole Electric connection open at bottom
Many Accidents happens
Shock severity depends:
• Dry Ground, dry body, may
save life
• Wet Body, wet Ground,
bare boot may be killed
69
Light poles with connection of
supply at bottom with plate
cover. May be opened
• Children can easily touch
open connection and
standing on open ground to
complete circuits. Many
accidents happens
• Install 2 or 3 RCD 30mA. One
trips and power available or
best option is RCBO Circuits.Light Pole Electric
connection Open

70. Outdoor High Increase Shock Risk Location
Many outdoor accident happens
• Wet area, wet body, bare foot,
standing in open group, easy path for
shock current to complete circuits.
• Outdoor electrical is most challenging
and require proper planning.
Shock protection: All circuits
• RCD 30mA
Important: Socket indoor, dry area
• Prefer socket RCD 30mA indoor
• or DB with RCD 30mA for socket
• Prefer, All outdoor festoon lights IP44,
LED 12V and driver indoor.
• Prefer install Solar light, widely
available. Strongly recommend.
• Manfactuers’ Advice 70
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.
Case Study: She was using Law mover, wire cut and touch, got
heavy shock

71. Most Electric Fire due to Cable
•Cable produce heat <
insulation Plastic melts in
seconds < Arc produce <
fire and smoke with in few
seconds. 71
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

72. 72
Major Cause of Fire: Overcurrent, Cable Size and Arc in flat from sockets, wire

73. Main Cause of Fire due to cable
Main cause of Fire:
• Cable Produce heat and heat dissipate in air.
• Cables enclosed in group in conduit or Group together do not dissipate heat
• Cable current rating to reduce.
• Under size of cable.
Main factors:
• Grouping is main cause of fire because heat does not dissipate.
• Install in void of building, if heat does not dissipate.
Solution:
• Check Cable Installation location can dissipate heat in air
Cable current rating correction factors,
• Grouping
• Ambient temperature and thermal insulation use in UK.
• Most Important select correct size of cable after correction factors.
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

74. Cables installations Methods
purpose is to dissipate heat
Conduit, enclosed.
• Embedded in masonry, wooden
wall, Less dissipation of heat.
Clipped on Wall, Open to air
• NOT enclosed or bunched
together,
Cable tray, open to air:
• (a) Flat-spaced on wall
• (b) Flat & touching, wall or tray
• (c) Trefoil for single core.
Cable in Ground:
• In duct or armoured directly 74

75. Most Important is cable to dissipate heat
75
More Air space to dissipate heat No Space to Dissipate heat

76. Cables Installations on Cable tray
76
Trefoil, for single core cable
Example: Current correction factors: ?
Cable install enclosed, in conduit or duct in Ground. 5 cable touching, spaced D or spaced 2D or trefoil
Question:
What is current correction factor In group
Refer to
Slide 209
Space, D, correction 0.9,
Spaced 2D No correction

77. CABLE CURRENT CORRECTION DUE TO GROUPING
Important: Major cable current correction factors
77
Open to air
Open to air
Enclosed, Conduit
Bunched
5 circuits group together, correction factor 0.6
Important * 1 Circuit means, single phase 2 or 3 phase 3 wire together or 1 multi core cable
MARKED single layer. Means only one layer.
Clipped to wall
Install on cable tray

78. Cables in Conduit, do not dissipate heat easily since
enclosed
• Cable must be occupy less
then 45% of space in Conduit
to dissipate the heat.
Size of Conduit:
• Factors from British Standard
or
• Calculation can be made,
Number and area of cable
or Mobile App. Much easy.
• Current rating in conduit
enclosed is much less
• then cable tray open to air.
78

79. Electric Fire
 Electric Fire at RK Film Studio which was left completely destroyed on September 16, 2017.
 Electric Fire at Cinevista studio in Mumbai’s Kanjurmarg suburb, January 6, 2018
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

80. Fire Protection in
Combutional Materials
Storage,
Textile, wood, books,
papers and etc.
80
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

81. Combustible Materials, fire protection
RCD 500mA, Prefer 300mA
for protection against Fire in DB or at Main
Switch.
•Cost Rs. 5000 to Rs. 10,000.
•Can save loss of Life and Billion of Rs.
loss 81
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

82. RCD or ELCB 30mA
RCD 30mA: Cost Rs. 1000
•This is used for protection
against Shock
•Gives additional protection
against Fire. 82
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

83. Combustible Materials, Fire Protection
Mandatory Install
by RCD 300mA
at DB main Switch.
•Book stores,
•Timber,
•Plywood,
•Textiles
•Paper and etc.
Book store
Plywood
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.
Textiles

84. Electrical DB inside the Flat, Residential Building,
Fire Protection
Recommend to Install RCD
500mA or prefer 300mA at DB
main switch or
RCD 500 mA or 300mA with 1
second delay
Risk Factor:
• Design has to study risk factor if
RCD trips then power supply
loss and complete darkness
• Emergency light must be
provided and maintenance test
as Standard
RCD 500mA or 300mA, or 1
second time dealy

85. Every day there is 1 to 2 big
Electric fire in India
Loss of Life, Billion of Rs. Loss
RCD 300mA.
Cost Rs. 5000 to Rs. 10000
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

86. Recommend to install RCD 500mA or RCD
300mA in Residential building distribution
board, DB, at main switch,
Considering all risk factor of supply loss
in case RCD trip. Emergency lights.
Install if require 500mA RCD at Senior
Citizen home, medical and etc. with
emergency lights
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

87. Protection against fire with 2 level of
Protection
First level of
protection:
•Mandatory to
install
•RCD 30mA for all
lights and sockets
indoor and
outdoor
Second level of
Protection:
•Recommend to
Install in DB main
switch,
•RCD Prefer
500mA or 300mA
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

88. How to Supply 50 small shops in Ground Floor?
• DB, Circuits: 2 RCD DB or RCBO
30mA?
• DB with Main switch? Or RCD
300mA?
• Location of DB must be accessible to
switch off main power? Which
location?
• RCD can be use as main switch?
Method of Cable Installation from Main
Electrical room to Each shop?
Installation route?
• Conduits?
• Cable tray?
• Cable tray and above false ceiling?
• Ambient temperature?
• Grouping of cable?
• Ib ≤ In ≤ It ≤ Iz
• Size of Cable
• Voltage drop.
• Cable size to withstand fault current. 88
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

89. Loose Connection is cause of fire
Fire in Insulated Electrical DB Due
to Loose Connections:
• BS7671:2008 introduced
Insulated PVC DB so to protect
against Shock,
• Due loose connection, Insulated
DB got fire.
• BS change to Metal DB.
Visual Inspection:
• Visual Inspection is important
for maintenance.
• Must be by trained qualified
electricians and Engineers 89
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

90. Arc Fault Detection Device (AFDD) is to prevent Fire due to Arc
produce in Low Voltage System
90
LOOSE CONNECTION MAJOR CAUSE OF FIRE
Loose at Plug
bend in wire at Plug
Rat cut wire
Drill in wall
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

91. AFDD in DB for final circuits, similar to MCB in DB
AFDD to install in DB in final circuits,
similar to MCB, RCD and RCBO.
• sleeping accommodation such as
dwellings, hotels etc
• Combutional Materials storage:
Textiles, wood, books and etc.
• Wooden buildings made from
combustible materials
• Prestige Bldg. archives, museums
• Wires cut possibility
• Storage room, Unprotected cables
• High Rise building: Fire
propagating structures
91
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

92. AFDD to prevent fire due to small arc
produce in Residential buildings
• AFDD is proven track record
to prevent fire.
• Widely use in USA, since
2009 and Europe 2012.
• Use in High Rise buildings,
Combustion material
storage e.g. textile, paper,
Plywood and etc.
• This is not used in India and
so far and not mentioned in
Indian Standard. 92
VIDEO
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

93. 93
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.
Major Cause Fire: Overcurrent, Size of cable, Arc in flat sockets, wire cut and etc.
RCD 300mA
Cable insulation

94. TN-S and TN-C-S: EARTH FAULT LOOP IMPEDANCE (EFLI)
value to measure for ADS breaker during Fault
Complete IEC60364 is
based on this
principal.
•ADS by breaker due
to Low EFLI of circuit
to prevent Shock
during fault
•Cost: Rs. 20,000/- 94
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

95. RCD METER TO TEST TO MEASURE TRIPPING TIME
95
RCD is not fail safe.
Caution:
• Tripping time has to measure.
• If tripping time is high or do
not trip during fault.
• It may cause death and fire.
RCD 30mA tripping time.
• 15mA. No trip.
• 30mA 200ms.
• 5x30 =150mA, 40ms
Cost: Rs.20,000/-.
Manufacture's advice to use
meter

96. Electrical Safety,
Arc and explosion,
Priority Number 1
Common Sense
96
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

97. Electrical Arc and Explosion, How much
energy produce?
TN-S and TN-S-C:
• Maximum fault level for 500kVA
11KV/400V transformer, 6%
impedance. Fault current secondary
side 12kA = 12000 A.
How much energy release release
during fault: I2 x t joules
• I fault current
• t time to trip breaker in 0.1s
• 12kA x12KA x 0.1s = 12,00000 joules.
Energy from 12KA fault current:
• 5000 Kg fell from 10 meter height in
0.1s.
• Arc temperature is more then 25,000 C 97
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

98. Training course
further
on Skype or
E mail slides or at
Premises
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

99. PRESENTED BY
99
Gajaria Gokal
Electrical Engineer, B.E., M.E.(USA), IET (UK)
Address:
Blue Empire Complex, Blue Arch Building, E wing, flat
E-702, Mahivar Nagar off Link Road,
Kandivali West, 400067, Mumbai
Telephone: 022-28688097, Mobile: 9870374990,
E Mail: gajaria@hotmail.com and gajariaa@gmail.com
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

100. 100
Short courses “Overview, Design of Electrical Installations, Prevent Shock and Fire in Electrical
Installation in Low Voltage System in Industrial Plants and Residential Buildings”
as per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 60364
IEC Standards followed all over the world and Indian Standard based on IEC
 Electric Fire at Cinevista Film Studio, Mumbai was destroyed January 2018
 Electric Fire at RK Film Studio, Mumbai was destroyed on September 2018
Gajaria Electrical Training and Design Consultant
Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E. (U.S.A.), Electrical Engineer
 35 years of experience in Design and Electrical installations as per IEC Standards.
 Worked in US Navy, Bahrain, exposed to International Standard, IEC 60364
1/2
Make one page
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

101. 101
As Per IEC Standard, Shock and Fire can be Prevent by Installation two devices, RCD and AFDD.
1. RCD 30 mA: Residual Current Device (RCD) 30mA for Protection against Shock Cost Rs. 1500
2. 300mA RCD: Combutional Materials: Textiles, Paper, wood and etc. Cost Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 10,000
3. Arc Fault Detection Device (AFDD): Fire Protection due to Arc. Use in USA since 2009 and Europe
2012. Still, this still not in Indian Standard. Recommend for Important Building, Museums, High rise
Courses Timing:
 We conduct course for one day, two days, one week and one month.
Who Can attend?
 Electrical Students, Engineers, Managers, Directors in Power System and in Electrical Industry.
 Books: Electrical Installations Guide, 2018, Schneider Electrical Co., France. free online. 500 Pages.
Electricians’ Courses:
 Similar courses can offer to Electricians but less Mathematics. Book, Electricians’ Guide.
Gajaria Gokal, Blue Empire Complex, Blue Arch Building, E Wing, Flat E 702,
Mahavir Nagar off Link road, Kandivali West, Mumbai 400067.
Mobile: 9870374990, Lan line: 022-28688097 and E Mail: gajariaa@hotmail.com
2/2
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA

102. Training course offer in different format, E mail, Skype and Premises
Dear Participate,
I hope that you must have enjoyed my slide.
You can contact me on WhatsApp or E mail.
We can submit complete course with PPT and Guide book in different
format.
E Mail: Complete PPT file with 400 slide with Guide book, with on line
test
Skype: Training on PPT file and Guide book send by Mail, with on line
test
Hotel or your location : On PPT file and Guide book, with on line test.
Cost: Rs. 2,500. with Guide book.
Electricians’ course:
Same courses with less mathematics, Rs. 1,500. Please, see slide 77
for more training courses.
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA.

103. Training on PPT; Skype or total slides by mail or One day in
premises: following courses as per IEC60364
1. Prevent Shock and Fire
2. Design of Electrical Installation
3. Cable, types, Installation, current rating. Major cause of Fire.
4. RCD use, types, specification, rating to prevent shock and fire
5. Inspection and Testing
6. Earthing and Bonding
7. Isolation and switching, Selection and Erection.
8. Special Location, Increase shock risk, e.g. pools, Bathroom, outdoor
Cost:
Students, Engineer, Manager: Cost: Rs.2,500 per day. Brief Guide book
• Similar courses can be arrange at your premises or hotel for one day
• Electricians course with less mathematics, Rs.1,500, site Guide Book
Prepared By: Mr. Gajaria Gokal, B.E. and M.E., USA