Gender-TRANSFORMATIVE rights-based approaches
FOR sustainable landscapes
Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti – j.sarmiento@cgiar.org
Center for International Forestry Research
Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas
From doing no harm to doing better
1. Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti – j.sarmiento@cgiar.org
Center for International Forestry Research
FROM DOING NO HARM TO DOING BETTER
GENDER-TRANSFORMATIVE RIGHTS-BASED APPROACHES
FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES
2.
3. Rights-based approaches (RBAs)
Sustainable and just landscapes, promoting
effectiveness through respect for/protection of
IP/LC’s rights & awareness of injustice
Concerned with relationship between rights-
holders and duty bearers (those responsible for
respecting, protecting and/or realizing rights)
Respect abstention from in/directly
violating/interfering with pursuit/enjoyment of
guaranteed rights.
Protection ensuring observance of rights via
monitoring, investigation and enforcement
Gained increased prominence in
dev/conservation over past decade
Action following recognised links between
environmental degradation, implementation
of initiatives and rights fulfilment/violation
Women more exposed to environmental
risks due to existing gender discrimination,
inequality and inhibiting gender roles
.
4. Progress
• Recognition of and attention to the rights of
IP/LCs in international agreements and
national legal systems (more to be done)
• Gender equality and women’s rights are
enshrined in different global conventions
• Progress toward/gaps remaining for gender-
sensitive climate policy (UNFCCC )
1948
1989
2007
2015
2010
https://genderclimatetracker.org/gender-mandates
5. Then, what’s the problem?
• Access gap = injustice (can people benefit from
guaranteed rights?)
- Cross-cutting, greater impact on women and
exacerbates inequalities
• RBA depends on national legal frameworks built on
histories of interactions between states and IP/LCs
• Opportunity Transformative initiatives to ensure
access and re-engage with IP/LCs as rights-holders
1948
1989
2007
2015
2010
6. THREE TAKES ON GENDER IN RIGHTS APPROACHES
Gender blind
‘they are all
equal’
• Problems = poverty
• Initiatives often rely on ‘free’ women’s labour
• Gendered preferences regarding benefits are
not considered
• With time, decreases women’s willingness to
participate
• Exacerbates gender inequalities
7. THREE TAKES ON GENDER IN RIGHTS APPROACHES
Safeguards
‘do no
harm’
• Assumption that women’s participation will
automatically lead to equity (benefits) and
improve project effectiveness and efficiency
• Focuses on immediate negatives impacts
and risks, not structural causes of injustice
• Underlying inequalities are left unaddressed
8. THREE TAKES ON GENDER IN RIGHTS APPROACHES
Gender-
transform
ative
‘do better’
• Gender equity at core rather than as ‘means to an end’
• Closing the access gap for men and women (thinking of
intersectionality of experiences)
• Re-engage with indigenous men and women as rights-
holders
• Equal voice and influence, equitable distribution of
costs/benefits, equal access to compensation and
grievance mechanisms
• Adaptive learning and monitoring (process NOT goal)
9. Challenges
• Will (government, private sector, implementors,
men in grassroots organizations and local
communities, etc.)
• May take a long time (to understand local gender
dynamics, change the status quo, recognize and
coordinate stakeholders, etc.)
• What/whose rights?
• Who should respect/protect/enhance rights?
• International standards or national legal systems?
10.
11.
12. • How do you/have you experienced the access gap (personally or in
your work with IP/LCs)?
• What prevents you or the communities you work with from enjoying
your/their full rights?
• Who should be supporting IP/LCs to close the gap?
• Visioning – what would a gender-transformative RBA look like?
13. Gender in UNFCCC Decisions
• Progress toward/gaps remaining for gender-sensitive
climate policy
• 28/59 decisions that reference gender explicitly refer only to gender balance
(e.g. enhancing women’s participation)
• 12/59 recognize need for gender balance and gender-mainstreaming
• 16 decisions in Adaptation integrate gender references; 0 in Agriculture
https://genderclimatetracker.org/gender-mandates
14.
15. • safeguard rights and close access gaps,
• meet the needs and priorities of those inhabiting the landscapes to be restored,
• enable and value their participation in strategic decisions related to FLR,
• ensure the equitable distribution of costs and benefits of FLR.
For FLR to
succeed, it
must:
Editor's Notes
28/59 decisions that reference gender explicitly refer only to gender balance (e.g. enhancing women’s participation)
12/59 recognize need for gender balance and gender-mainstreaming
16 decisions in Adaptation integrate gender references; 0 in Agriculture
UN DECLARTION HUMAN RIGHTS – 1948
ILO 169 – 1989
UNDRIP (2007)
REDD+ SAFEGUARDS (2010)
SDGs 2015
While all States have human rights obligations as members of the United Nations and are bound to comply with both human rights and conservation duties pursuant to treaties they have ratified and their own national laws, not all governments are fully engaged in long-term conservation efforts or the realization of human rights