This document discusses empowering women and the social challenges of stereotypical images. It defines the concept of empowerment, how it is measured through factors like employment, decision making and education. Stereotypical images of women are formed based on preconceived judgments and support normative beliefs. Challenging stereotypical images involves expanding knowledge and understanding different perspectives.

1. ‫غ‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫جل‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ر‬
‫أ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫إل‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ب‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ة‬
‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ف‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻲ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ة‬،١٤‫د‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺮ‬٢٠٢٠

2. ‫مت‬‫ك‬‫ني‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬ ‫مت‬‫ك‬‫ني‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬

3. ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ة‬
§‫ال‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫م‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ح‬‫د‬
§‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ال‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ه‬
§‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ل‬‫ة‬/‫م‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫ل‬
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ني‬:
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ي‬
§‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬
§‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ي‬
§‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ه‬:
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ظ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬
§‫ا‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ح‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إل‬‫جن‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫م‬
§‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
§‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬
§‫ك‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ا‬

4. §‫ي‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫ء‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ق‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ي‬
§‫ت‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬
§‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ن‬
‫ي‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬/‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
§‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫أل‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ا‬/‫إ‬‫ح‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫م‬
§‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ص‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ال‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ة‬
‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫و‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ا‬
§‫أ‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ي‬
§‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫م‬)۱۹۲۲(:
‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ظ‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ز‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ر‬
‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ا‬
§‫حت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫إل‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫و‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ا‬
§‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫و‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ني‬
§‫م‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ط‬‫ة‬،‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬
‫مل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫خل‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬

5. §‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
§‫ا‬‫مل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫ا‬‫أل‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫غ‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إل‬‫س‬‫ال‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫جن‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬:‫ا‬‫إل‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫م‬)‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ح‬‫ف‬،‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬(.‫م‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ل‬:‫ج‬‫س‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫إل‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫إل‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬
§‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ل‬،‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ة‬،‫ا‬‫مل‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫ة‬،‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫خ‬:‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ي‬
§‫م‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ل‬:‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫إل‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫جل‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬

6. §‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫غ‬:‫م‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬:‫أ‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ى‬100‫س‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ل‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬: Forbes 2020
§‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬:‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ض‬

7. §‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ب‬)۲۰۱۷(:‫أ‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫مت‬‫ك‬‫ني‬
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫إ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ص‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ح‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ع‬
§‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ء‬
‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫س‬‫ني‬‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ن‬
§‫أ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫مت‬‫ك‬‫ني‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ي‬
§‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ي‬
§‫أ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ني‬:
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ل‬
§‫أ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ني‬:
§‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬
§‫ق‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫حت‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ض‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ا‬
§‫و‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫حل‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬)۲۰۲۰(:‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ز‬
‫ا‬‫أل‬‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫مت‬‫ك‬‫ني‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬:‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫و‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬‫خل‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫أل‬‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫مب‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ة‬
§‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
§‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬
§‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫ل‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ع‬

8. ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ء‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ر‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ش‬/‫ﻗ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻲ‬.)2018(.‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬.‫آ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ق‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻮ‬‫م‬,3)4(.

9. ‫ﺳ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ء‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ر‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ش‬/‫ﻗ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻲ‬.)2018(.‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬.‫آ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ق‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻮ‬‫م‬,3)4(.

11. ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﮫ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻦ‬‫؟‬
§‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ة‬)‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ا‬(‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ط‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ني‬‫مت‬‫ك‬‫ني‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
‫أ‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫ا‬
§‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
§‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ني‬‫؟‬
§‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ض‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫؟‬
§‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫؟‬
§‫م‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫إ‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫مل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫؟‬

12. ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬
TWITTER: @GALJUWAISER
EMAIL:
GALJUWAISER@KAU.EDU.SA