Lesson 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research (2).ppt

NATURE OF INQURY AND RESEARCH
Grade 12 – Senior High School Department

Lesson 1:
Nature of Inquiry and Research
• CONTENT STANDARDS: The learners
demonstrate an understanding of the
characteristics, strengths, and kinds of
quantitative research
• LEARNING COMPETENCIES: At the
end of the lesson, the learners describe
characteristics, strengths, weaknesses
and kinds of quantitative research

Lesson 1:
“There are many things you want to
know in this world – people, things,
places events”

Lesson 1:
• MOTIVATION:
“Inquiry Versus Research”

Lesson 1:
• MOTIVATION: What else do you know
about inquiry and research?
1. A person wants to know the occupant of one
condomium.
2. A student wants to know the medicinal
effects of guava leaves.
3. Mr. Tan wants to know the technique to
make his electric fan function instantly.

Lesson 1:
• MOTIVATION: What else do you know
about inquiry and research?
4. Aling Rosa wants to know the reason behind
the decrease of her sales for the day.
5. A business man wants to find out which
between these two marketing strategies:
free tasting and attractive packaging could
increase daily sales.

Lesson 1:
Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
• Methods or procedures of data gathering
include items like age, gender, educational
status, among others, that call for
measurable characteristics of the population

Lesson 1:
Research
• Standardized instruments guide data
collection, thus ensuring the accuracy,
reliability and validity of data

Research
Lesson 1:
• Figures, tables or
graphs showcase
summarize data
collected in order to
show trends,
relationships or
differences among
variables.

Research
Lesson 1:
• A large population
yields more reliable
data, but principles
of random sampling
must be strictly
followed to prevent
researcher’s bias

Lesson 1:
Research
• Quantitative methods can be repeated to
verify findings in another setting, thus
reinforcing validity of the findings

Lesson 1:
Research
• Quantitative research puts emphasis on
proof, rather than discovery

Lesson 1:

Lesson 1:
STANDARDS QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Mental survey of
reality
Results from social
interactions
Exists in the physical
world
Cause-effect
relationships
Explained by people’s
objectives desires
Revealed by autonomic
descriptions of
circumstances of
conditions
Researcher’s
involvement with the
object or subject of
the study
Subjective; sometimes
personally engaged
Objectives; least
involvement by the
researcher
Expression of data,
data analysis and
findings
Verbal language
(words, visuals,
objects)
Numerals, statistics

Lesson 1:
Research plan Takes place as the
research proceeds
gradually
Plans all research
aspects, before
collecting data
Behavior toward
research
aspects/conditions
Desires to preserve the
natural setting of
research features
Control or manipulation
of research conditions
by the researchers
Obtaining knowledge Multiple methods Scientific method
Purpose Makes social intentions
understandable
Evaluated objectives
and examines cause-
effect relationship
Data analysis
technique
Thematic codal ways,
competence-based
Mathematically based
methods

Lesson 1:
Style of expression Personal, lacks
formality
Impersonal, scientific
or systematic
Sampling Technique More inclined to
purposive sampling or
use of chosen samples
based on some criteria
Random sampling as
the most preferred

Lesson 1:
Strengths of Quantitative Research
• Quantitative research design is the most
reliable and valid way of conluding results,
giving way to a new hypothesis or to
disproving it.
• Because of a bigger number of the sample of
population, the results or generalizations are
more reliable and valid.

Lesson 1:
Strengths of Quantitative Research
• Quantitative experiments filter out external
factors, if properly designed and so the
results gained can be as real and unbiased.
• Quantitative experiments are useful for
testing the results gained by a series of
qualitative experiments, leading to a final
answer and a narrowing down of possible
directions to follow.

Lesson 1:
Weaknesses of Quantitative
Research
• Quantitative research can be costly, difficult
and time-consuming because most
researchers are non-mathematicians
• Quantitative methods also tend to turn out
only proved or unproven results leaving little
room for uncertainty or grey areas

Lesson 1:
Weaknesses of Quantitative
Research
• Quantitative studies require extensive
statistical treatment, requiring stringent
standards, more so with confirmation of
results. When ambiguities in some findings
surface, retesting and refinement of the
designs call for another investment in time
and resources to polish the results.

Lesson 1:
QUANTITATIVE DESIGN
EXPERIMENTAL NON-EXPERIMENTAL
True
Experimental
Quasi
Experimental
Pre-
Experimental
Descriptive
1. Pre-test
Design
2. Post-test
Design
3. Post-test
Only/Control
Group Designs
1. Non-
Equivalent
Control Group
Designs
2. Time Series
Design
1. One-Shot
Case Study
2. One Group
Pre-test/Post-
test Design
1. Survey
2. Correlational
3. Ex-Post Facto
Studies
4. Comparative
5. Evaluative
6. Methodological

Lesson 1:
Experimental Research
• Allows the researchers to control the situation
• Identify the cause and effect relationship between
variables and to distinguish placebo effects from
treatment effects
• Supports the ability to limit alternative explanations
and to infer direct causal relationships in the study

Lesson 1:
• True Experimental: controls for both time-related
and gorup-related threats
• Quasi Experimental: The researcher can collect
more data, either by schedulling more observations
or finding more existing measures
• Pre-experimental: apply to experimental designs
with the least internal validity

Lesson 1:
• True Experimental: controls for both time-related
and gorup-related threats
• Pre-test Design: data collection is performed prior to
experimentation
• Post-test Only/Control Group Design: data collection is
performed after experimentation and comparison of data
after experimentation will be performed between/among
control and experimental groups
• Pre- and Post-test Design: data collection is performed
before and after experimentation

Lesson 1:
• Quasi Experimental: The researcher can collect
more data, either by schedulling more observations
or finding more existing measures
• Non-equivalent control group design: refers to the
chance of failure of random assignment to equalize the
conditions by converting a true experiment into this kind of
design, for purposes of analysis
• Interrupted time series design: employs multiple
measures before and after the experimental intervention

Lesson 1:
• Pre-experimental: apply to experimental designs
with the least internal validity
• One Shot Case Study: A type of pre-experimental design
where a single group of test units is exposed to an
experimental treatment and a single measurement is taken
afterwards
• Single Group Pre-test, Post-test Design: measures the
group two times, before and after the intervention

Lesson 1:
Non-Experimental Research
• The researcher observes the phenomena as they
occur naturally and no external variables are
introduced
• Main purpose is to observe, describe and document
aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs and
sometimes to serves as a starting point for
hypotheses generation or theory development

Lesson 1:
• Survey: a research design used when the researcher
intends to provide a quantitative or numeric
description of trends, attitudes or opinions of a
population by studying a sample of that population
• Correlational: has 3 types:
• Bivariate correlational studies: obtain scores from two
variables for each subject then use them to calculate a
correlational coefficient
• Prediction studies: use correlation coefficient to show how
one variable (predictor variable) predicts another (criterion
variable)

Lesson 1:
• Correlational: has 3 types:
• Multiple regression prediction studies: all of the
variables can contribute to the over-all prediction in an
equation that adds together the predictive power of each
identified variable.
• Ex-Post Facto Research Design: used to
investigate causal relationship, which examine
whether one or more pre-existing conditons could
possibly have caused subsequent differences in
groups of subjects.

Lesson 1:
• Comparative Design: involves comparing and
contrasting two or more samples of study subjects
on one or more variables, often at a single point of
time.
• Evaluative Research: seeks to assess or judge in
some way providing information about something
other than might be gleaned in mere observation or
investigation of relationships.
• Methodological: the implementation of a variety of
methdologies forms a critical part of achieving the
goal of developing a scale-matched approach.

Practical Research 2
Payo para sa mga Grade 12 students
Wag kang matakot.
Hindi mahirap ang
PRACTICAL RESEARCH,
challenging lang

Practical Research 2
#ResearchHugot
5 Reasons kung bakit mas maganda ang research
kaysa sa lovelife mo
1. Ang research dinedefend.
2. Ang research may ethical considerations.
3. Ang research ay may significant levels.
4. Ang research ay may clear and specific
objectives.
5. And lastly, ang research ay may
proposal.

Lesson 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research (2).ppt

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Lesson 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research (2).ppt