Hypertension is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure (SBP)of greater than 140 mm Hg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mm of Hg.
An agent that reduces high blood pressure is called as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVES.
Prehypertension-systolic between 120 to 139 mm/Hg and diastolic between 80 to 89 mm/Hg.
High Profile Call Girls Coimbatore Saanvi☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Se...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Mechanisms and Classes
1. Antihypertensive drugs
• Presented By:
• Gandham Malasree
• M Pharmacy
• I year I sem
• Regd no: 620209502002
• Dept of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
AU COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, VISAKHAPATNAM
2. • Hypertension is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure (SBP)of greater than
140 mm Hg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mm of Hg.
• An agent that reduces high blood pressure is called as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVES.
• Prehypertension-systolic between 120 to 139 mm/Hg and diastolic between 80 to 89 mm/Hg.
Hypertension
3. Causes:
It results from:
Increased arterial resistance
Reduced capacitance
Increased peripheral vascular smooth
Muscle tone
Effects of Hypertension
Increases risk of heart disease , heart failure, kidney disease, blindness, and stroke.
Primary Hypertension- No known reason.
Secondary Hypertension-due to some cause such as kidney disease, abnormalities of
adrenal glands will try nonpharmacological methods first.
12. MECHANISM OF ACTION:
- Inhibit generation of AT-2
- Inhibit degradation of Bradykinin, which is
a potent vasodilator
- Dilate both arteries and veins
- Blood flow to vital organs increases
- Decrease aldosterone production indirectly
PHARMACOKINETICS: Well absorbed orally; poorly cross BBB; metabolized in liver;
excreted through urine.
Duration of action of Captopril – 8-12 hrs.
ADRs: Cough, Teratogenic, Skin rashes, Loss of taste sensation, Hyperkalemia.
Uses: Hypertension, CHF, MI, Diabetic nephropathy
14. MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Competitively inhibit binding of AT-2 to AT-1 receptors.
ADRs and Uses are almost similar to that of the ACEIs, except that, ARBs do not increase
bradykinin levels and so, the ACEI related cough isn’t encountered. Angioedema and taste
disturbance is also rare.
18. • It inhibits cellular influx of Ca, which is responsible for muscle contraction.
• Calcium channel blockers protect tissue by inhibiting entrance of Ca into cardiac &
smooth muscle cells of coronary & systemic arterial beds.
• All Ca channel blockers are vasodilators that ultimately cause dilation of coronary &
peripheral arteries,reduce heart rate.
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
23. • MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Inhibit Na+ - Cl- symport in early DCT → Promote Na+ and water retention →
Decrease Na+ conc. in vascular smooth muscles → Decrease in plasma volume and
peripheral resistance → Decrease in BP
• ADRs: Hypokalemia, Hypercalcemia, Hyperglycemia, etc.
• Uses: Hypertension, Renal dysfunction, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
27. MECHANISM OF ACTION:
They act by blocking adrenergic receptors in target organs, or by inhibiting the synthesis,
storage, or release of endogenous catecholamines (mainly Norepinephrine), and cause
decrease in CO and vascular resistance.
ADRs: Mild postural hypotension
Uses: Hypertension, Anti-psychotic, Anti-emetic
38. ANTIHYPERTENSIVES IN PREGNANCY
Drugs to be avoided:
Diuretics – Risk of placental wastage, still birth.
ACEIs – Risk of foetal damage, growth retardation.
Beta-blockers – Neonatal bradycardia, hypoglycaemia.
Safe drugs: Hydralazine, Alpha-methyldopa, CCBs, Prazosin, Clonidine,
Cardioselective beta-blockers.
39. CONCLUSION
Choice of drugs for any patient should be individualized.
Patients undergoing antihypertensive medications in diabetes, or during pregnancy are at
higher risk of clinical cardiovascular events and benefit more from antihypertensive
therapy, compared to the non-diabetic/ non-pregnant patients.
It is thus, important for the clinicians to monitor these patients so that, they can be
conscientiously treated.