3. Charecteristics of menstrual
cycle
Duration: 21 – 35 days
Bleeding: 2-6 days
Amount” 30-80ml
Source of bleeding: 75%
arterial/ 25% venous
Menarche
Anovulotory
cycle
4. Effects of estrogen
Uterus
Endometrial growth
ATP and Actin/myosin production in Myometrium
Spiral Arteries growth
Cervical mucosal lubricant
Assistive rule in muscle contraction
Vagina
Reepithelization
Tubes
Stimulates growth and motility of tubes
Breast
Stimulates growth of lactiferous ducts
Other
Secondary female characteristics
5. Effects of progesterone
Uterus
Endometrial Secretory Phase
Relaxation of Myometrium
Cervix
Blocking the entrance of cervix
Tubes
Increase Glycogen and Vit. C
Motility
Ovulation
Inhibits Ovulation
Breast
Increases breast lobes
6. Physiology of Pregnancy
Cardiovascular system
Cardiac Output increased from 4.5 lit to 6 liter
Cardiac rate increased from 70 to 85 b/min
Blood volume increased from 6 lit to 7 lit
Causes:
Gas exchange
Increased metabolism with high temprature
Growth of fetus
Increased metabolism with increased excretion
Change in blood flow
Pulmonary: 40%
Renal: 35%
Uterus: 250%
7. Regional change in vascular
system
Uterus enlarged press large vessels congestion in
lower limb varicositis and Edema
Edema occurs more in day
Supine Hypotension Syndrom when sleeping
8. Blood Changes
RBC Volume increases 18%
Plasma Volume increases 40 – 45%
RBC count decreased from 4.5 million to 3.8 million
HB: decreased at first increased at last
Platelets: from 275,000 260,000 /mm3
Leukocytosis: from 7000 10500/mm3