Aspirin how its made and what it does and

Experiential Learing
Phase 1: Presentation
RV College of
Engineering
Go, change the
world
ASPIRIN

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Engineering Go, Change the World
TEAM INTRODUCTION
Roll
No.
Admission No. Name Email Id
1 1RV20CH016 Gagana Velur gaganavelur.ch20@rvce.edu.in
2 1RV20CH007 Bhoomika R Holla bhoomikarholla.ch20@rvce.edu.in
3 1RV20CH402 Varun D S varunds.ch21@rvce.edu.in
4 1RV20CH033 Shambhavi Shree shambhavishree.ch20@rvce.edu.in

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Objectives
• The discovery of aspirin
• Two manufacturing processes of aspirin- one is a small scale and the other is an large scale
method
• Mass balance in a reactor assuming the production rate to be 10kg/hr
• Equipment – a reactor and a centrifuge
• Uses of aspirin and impacts on environment

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Introduction
• Molecular Formula - C9H8O4 or CH3COOC6H4COOH
• Molecular weight – 180.2 gm/mol
• Melting point – 135°C
• Boiling point - 140°C
• Solubility – soluble in acetone
• Density – 1.40g/ml at 20°C
• Appearance – colourless
Acetylsalicylic acid

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Literature review

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Demand and Supply
• The global aspirin market size is estimated to augment at a CAGR of 2.40%, increasing from
US$2.167 billion in 2020 to reach US$2.558 billion by 2027.
• The demand for aspirin went off the charts during COVID-19
• The following are the major suppliers of aspirin to the global market:
1. Bayer Aspirin
2. Par Pharmaceuticals
3. Allegiant Health

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• Sodium Hydroxide – NaOH
• Carbon-di-oxide – CO2 gas
• Phenol
• Sulphuric Acid - H2SO4
• Acetic Anhydride
• Catalyst – Phosphoric acid or H2SO4
RAW MATERIALS

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CHEMICAL REACTION
PHENOL + NaOH SODIUM PHENOLATE SODIUM SALICYLATE SALICYLIC ACID
ACETYL SALICYLIC
ACID --- ASPIRIN
+ CO2

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FLOW CHART FOR ASPIRIN PRODUCTION- Method(1)
Sodium Salicylate

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• In Reactor -- Phenol + Caustic soda
• Sodium Phenolate is formed
• Fed to Vacuum Column
• Unreacted Phenol is recycled
PREPARATION SODIUM PHENOLATE

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• Sodium Phenolate is sent to Autoclave
• CO2 is fed from the bottom
• Sodium Salicylate is formed
• Decolorized using charcoal
• Filtration process
• Reaction mixture is agitated with H2SO4
• Centrifuged and Dried to obtain pure sodium
salicylate
PREPARATION OF SODIUM SALICYLATE

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• Acetic Anhydride along with toluene and
phosphoric acid is added to the reactor
• Temperature is 90 C for 20 hours
• Acetyl Salicylate is formed
• This reaction mixture is sent to Washing
Chamber
• Next, it is transferred to Vacuum Distillation
column
• Washed with hot water and concentrated
PREPARATION OF ASPIRIN

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Experimental Details- Method(2)
Synthesis of Aspirin
The compound we will be preparing, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) ,is an organic esters. An
ester is a compound that is formed when an acid (containing the –COOH group) reacts
with an alcohol (a compound containing an –OH group).

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Preparation of acetylsalicylic acid
Synthesis aspirin by mixing salicylic acid with acetic anhydride.Aspirin involves a reaction of the –OH group of salicylic acid

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Purification by Recrystallization
Recrystallization is usually done by dissolving the substance in a suitable solvent,
which is hot. If insoluble particles are present, the hot solution is filtered to remove them The solution is allowed
to cool slowly, and is eventually cooled in ice. The crystals that form slowly are more pure than the original solid.
We can also get a solute to re-precipitate
by adding a second solvent in which it is less soluble.
HAZARDS:
Acetic anhydride has a very strong odour and is corrosive. It must be dispensed in a hood. Keep your reaction
in the hood as well. Both ethanol and methanol are flammable.

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Lab preparation of acetylsalicylic acid

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Material balance
• Let us assume the basis to be 10kg/hr production of aspirin
• The material balance is done across the autoclave
• Summary of calculations:
Component Molar mass (g/mol) Moles (mol) Mass (kg)
Acetic anhydride 102.1 55.51 5.6676
Salicylic acid 138.12 55.51 7.667
Component Molar mass (g/mol) Moles (mol) Mass (kg)
Acetic acid 60.05 55.51 3.334
Acetyl Salicylic acid 180.15 55.51 10
Input :
Output:

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Reactor
• A reactor is a process vessel in which raw materials are added and a reaction can be
conducted. There are 3 types of reactors.
 Stainless steel reactor :
This type of reactors are used when the nature of reaction is alkaline.
 Composition of SS-316 Reactors :
 Chromium - 16%
 Nickel - 10%
 Molybdenum - 2%
 Composition of SS-304 Reactors :
 Chromium - 18%
 Nickel - 8%

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 Glass lined reactor :
These types of reactors are used when the nature of reaction is acidic.
• Composition :
 Silicon dioxide - 81%
 Boron trioxide - 10%
 Sodium oxide - 4%
 Aluminium oxide - 2%
 Hastelloy reactor :
This types of reactors can be used when the nature of reaction is either acidic or
alkaline.
• Composition :
 Nickel - 55.25%
 Chromium - 15.5%
 Molybdenum - 16%

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Properties
1. Toughness
2. Durability
3. High corrosion resistance
4. High temperature strength
5. Good oxidation resistance

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Centrifuge
An industrial centrifuge is designed to use intense centrifugal force generated by mass rotation
to meet the needs of various application.
They are generally used for large scale fluid separation applications.
 Filtration type centrifuge
 This centrifuge uses a rotating basket with perforations to allow liquid to pass through while
keeping the solids in the basket.
 It works with a lower rotational speed.
 Separates large quantities of coarse solid from liquid.
 Halar coating of equipment :
 High impact strength
 Resistance to chemicals
 High resistance to corrosion
 Withstand extreme cold temperatue

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Impact on Environment
• Carbon emission
• Toxic waste pollution
• Water pollution
• Soil pollution
• Human issues

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Uses
• Analgesic – Pain reliever
• Used to treat arthritis
• Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Used as blood thinner and to prevent cardiovascular diseases

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References
• J. G. Mahdi, “Medicinal potential of willow: A chemical perspective of aspirin discovery,” J.
Saudi Chem. Soc., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 317–322, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.jscs.2010.04.010.
• M. Salicylate, “Experiment 22 Synthesis of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen,” pp. 1–4.
• . M. F., . Z. A., . S. R., . M. I. R., and . A. M. K., “Estimation and Removal of Phenol in
Pharmaceutical Industrial Effluents from Paracetamol and Aspirin Manufacturing Units,” J.
Biol. Sci., vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 587–590, 2002, doi: 10.3923/jbs.2002.587.590.
• W C Stoesser et all. Process for production of aspirin (US Patent no: 2,987,539). United
States Patent Office.,
https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ed/35/b3/3bd319959dd27f/US2987539.pdf

Aspirin how its made and what it does and

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