La tuberculosis o TB es causada por una bacteria llamada Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Estas bacterias por lo general atacan a los pulmones, pero también pueden atacar otras partes del cuerpo, como los riñones, la columna vertebral y el cerebro. No todas las personas infectadas por las bacterias de la tuberculosis se enferman. Por eso, existen dos afecciones relacionadas con la tuberculosis: la infección de tuberculosis latente (LTBI, por sus siglas en inglés) y la enfermedad de tuberculosis. Si no se trata adecuadamente, la enfermedad de tuberculosis puede ser mortal.

1. TUBERCULOSIS
Medicina Interna III
Integrantes: Gabriela Santos
Aylin Fong
Emely

2. DEFINICIÓN
Es una enfermedad infecto contagiosa, transmisible,
curable, usualmente crónica, de presentación clínica
variable, producidas por micobacterias del complejo
Micobacterium tuberculosis que puede causar
incapacidad de por vida o la muerte.

3. ETIOLOGIA  Las micobacterias pertenecen a la familia
Mycobacteriaceae y al orden Actinomycetales:
● MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
● Es el mas frecuente en el hombre (95 a 99%)
● Su pared celular esta constituida por lípidos
ac. grasos α-alquilicos y βhidroxilicos.
● Se tiñe con ZN(carbolfucina) y con AR.

5. Micobacterium tuberculosis Características
• Bacilo aerobio fino, ácido-alcohol
resistente.
• No esporógeno.
• Mide de 0,5 por 3 μm.
por 3 μm.

6. EPIDEMIOLOGIA
• La OMS calcula que en 2016 ocurrieron
alrededor de 10.4 millones (intervalo, 8.8 a
12.2 millones) de nuevos casos de TB en
todo el mundo, 95% de los cuales ocurrió en
países en vías de desarrollo en el continente
asiático (6.5 millones), Africa (2.6 millones),
el Medio Oriente (0.77 millones) y
Latinoamérica (0.26 millones)
• Durante los últimos años se han reducido las
cifras de casos informados, y se ha iniciado
su reducción o estabilización en naciones
industrializadas.

7. DE LA EXPOSICIÓN A LA
INFECCIÓN
01
02
03
04
M. tuberculosis se transmite casi
siempre desde un paciente con TB
pulmonar contagiosa a otras
personas por medio de las gotitas
respiratorias que la tos, el estornudo
o la fonación convierten en un
aerosol.
Estas gotas diminutas se secan
pronto; las menores (<5 a 10 μm de
diámetro) pueden permanecer
suspendidas en el aire durante horas
y alcanzar las vías respiratorias
terminales al ser inhaladas.
Con cada golpe de tos se
pueden expulsar nada
menos que 3000 gotitas
contagiosas.
Uno de los factores más
importantes para la transmisión de
los bacilos tuberculosos es el
hacinamiento en espacios mal
ventilados, porque se intensifica el
contacto con el enfermo.

8. DE LA INFECCIÓN A LA
ENFERMEDAD
Cuando la infección se adquiere
en etapas avanzadas de la vida,
es mayor la probabilidad de que
el sistema inmunitario maduro
contenga la infección, al menos
en forma temporal.
La enfermedad clínica que se
desarrolla poco después
de la infección se clasifica
como tuberculosis primaria.
A B
F
E D
C
El riesgo de enfermar después
de infectarse depende ante todo
de factores endógenos.
Sin embargo, el bacilo inactivo puede
persistir por años antes de reactivarse y
producir tuberculosis secundaria
(o posprimaria)
El factor de riesgo más importante
es sin duda la infección simultánea
por VIH, que suprime la inmunidad
celular.
El riesgo de que una infección
latente por M. tuberculosis se
convierta en un proceso activo
depende directamente del grado
de
inmunodepresión del paciente.

9. Tuberculosis infographics
60 %
100 %
50 %
75 %
Mercury is the closest
planet from the sun
Mercury
1
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
Mars
2
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
Saturn
3
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Neptune
4

10. Tuberculosis infographics
Saturn Venus Mars
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Venus Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars is full of iron oxide dust
and a cold place
Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings
Mars Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
Treatment for tuberculosis

11. Tuberculosis infographics
Mercury
Mercury is the
smallest planet
01
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
02
Mars
Mars is actually a
very cold place
03
Jupiter
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
04
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
05
Neptune
Neptune is very far
from the Earth
06

12. Tuberculosis infographics
Jupiter
Jupiter is the
biggest planet of
them all
5%
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
15%
Mercury
Mercury is the
smallest planet of
them all
30%
Saturn
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
50%
Venus
Venus is the
second planet from
the Sun
85%
The symptoms of tuberculosis

13. 1 2 3
Tuberculosis infographics
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest of them all
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
Solar System

14. Tuberculosis infographics
3
1 5
4
2
Mercury
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Saturn
Saturn is made of
hydrogen and helium
Several tests are used to diagnose tuberculosis

15. Tuberculosis infographics
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
01
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
02
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
03
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
04
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
05 3
2
1
4 5

16. Tuberculosis infographics
50%
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
60%
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
70%
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
40%
Earth
Earth is the third planet
from the Sun

17. Tuberculosis infographics
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one. The
planet’s name has nothing to do
with the liquid metal
60%
Mercury
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet. It’s terribly hot,
even hotter than Mercury. It’s the
second-brightest natural object
85%
Venus

18. Tuberculosis infographics
55%
01
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the
second planet from the
Sun. It’s terribly hot
Venus
90%
02
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the
Solar System
Mercury
Who is the most susceptible to tuberculosis?

19. Tuberculosis infographics
Saturn
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
01
Venus
Venus is the
second planet
from the Sun
02
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
03
Earth
Earth is the
third planet
from the Sun
04
What causes tuberculosis?

20. Tuberculosis infographics
Mars
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest of them all
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet
in the Solar System

21. Tuberculosis infographics
Mars
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Venus
Venus has a very
beautiful name
Saturn
It's a gas giant with
several rings
Mercury
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Mercury
It is the smallest
planet of them all
90%
80%
20%
40%
65%
Countries with high TB rates

22. Tuberculosis infographics
Jupiter Saturn Neptune Mercury Venus
● Jupiter is the
biggest planet of
them all
● It was named
after the Roman
god of the skies
and lightning
● Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
● It's composed
mostly of
hydrogen
and helium
● Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
● It's also the
fourth-largest
object by
diameter
● Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
● This planet's
name has nothing
to do with the
liquid metal
● Venus is the
second planet
from the Sun
● It’s a terribly hot
planet and its
atmosphere is
poisonous

23. Tuberculosis infographics
Mars
Mars is a cold place full
of iron oxide dust
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Sun
It is the star at the center
of the Solar System
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant with
several rings
Jupiter
Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the Sun and
Earth
Earth is the third planet
from the Sun
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet of them all
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8

24. Tuberculosis infographics
Mercury is the closest
planet from the sun Mercury
Saturn is a gas giant
with several rings Saturn
Mars is a cold place
full of iron oxide dust Mars
Jupiter is biggest
planet of them all Jupiter
Neptune is the farthest
planet of them all Neptune
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
2
3
4
5

25. Tuberculosis infographics
Tuberculosis prevention
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet
A
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
B
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place
C
Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun
D
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet of them all
E
Earth
Earth is the third planet
from the Sun
F
Sun
It is the star at the center
of the Solar System
G
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant with
several rings
H

26. Tuberculosis infographics
Dos during treatment
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
Venus is the second planet from the Sun
Mars is actually a very cold place
Neptune is far away from Earth
Don’ts during treatment
Mars is actually a very cold place
Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
Neptune is far away from Earth
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun

27. Tuberculosis infographics
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest of them all
Jupiter Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
planet in the Solar System
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant and has several
rings. It's composed mostly of hydrogen

28. Tuberculosis infographics
85%
70%
50%
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is a cold
place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest of them all

29. Tuberculosis infographics
Step 5
Step 1
Mercury
Mercury is the
smallest planet in the
Solar System
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
and it is very hot
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet and it is a gas
giant as well
Saturn
Saturn is made of
hydrogen and helium.
It is a gas giant
Step 2 Step 4
Step 3
Pulmonary TB and TB outside the lungs

30. Tuberculosis infographics
Neptune
Neptune is the fourth-largest
planet in the Solar System
Mercury
Mercury is the smallest
planet in the Solar System
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a cold place
Earth
Earth is the third planet from
the Sun and where we live on
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings
1
4
2
3
6
5
Testing for latent tuberculosis

31. Tuberculosis infographics
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
01
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
Solar System
02
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
03
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest of them all
04

32. 85%
Tuberculosis infographics
Mars is a very cold
place. It Is full of iron
oxide dust
Mars
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest one
Mercury
Neptune is the
farthest planet from
the Sun
Neptune
25%
50%

33. Tuberculosis infographics
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
Mars
It’s a gas giant and the
biggest planet
Jupiter
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Venus
Saturn is the ringed planet.
It’s a gas giant
Saturn
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet to the Sun
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury

34. Tuberculosis infographics
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun
1,200
3,400
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one
Mercury
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
planet in the entire Solar System
5,600
Saturn
It is a gas giant and has several rings.
It’s composed of hydrogen and helium
7,800