Formwork is used to contain freshly poured concrete until it cures. There are different types of formworks used for foundations, floors, walls, columns, beams, and other building structures. The document identifies and defines 22 common types of formworks including foundations, footings, floors, walls, columns, girders, beams, joists, bridging, studs, jambs, corner braces, headers, sills, casings, stairs, stairwells, sidings, ceilings, rafters, and trusses.
19. 1.Foundation. This is the supporting portion of a
structure located below the floor construction
or grade including the footing.
2.Footing. This refers to the spreading course or
courses at the base of a foundation wall or
column.
3.Flooring. This is a horizontal structure
extending to one or more stories of a building.
4.Wall. This is a vertical plane structure found
inside or outside a building. It is made of
timber, concrete, or masonry blocks.
5.Column. This is a vertical structure for support.
It may be circular or rectangular in shape.
20. 6. Girder. This is a large or principal beam used to
support concentrated loads at a particular point along its
length.
7. Beam. This is a principal structural member used
between posts, columns, or walls.
8. Joist. This is one of parallel framing members used to
support floor and ceiling loads. It is supported by beams,
girders, or bearing wall.
9. Bridging. These are pieces of wood fitted in pairs from
the lower side of one floor joist to the upper side of
adjacent joist and crossed to distribute the load.
Sometimes pieces of solid stocks of equal widths to the
joist are used.
10. Stud. This refers to one of a series of structural wood
lying vertically along walls and partitions.
21. 11. Jamb. This refers to the top or one of two sides of
a door or window frame which touches the door or
sash.
12. Corner braces. These are diagonal braces fitted
into studs to reinforce the corners of a frame
structure.
13. Header. This is a horizontal structural member
that supports the load over an opening such as a
window or a door. It is also called lintel.
14. Sill. This is a horizontal piece lying at the bottom
of the opening into which a window or a door is set.
15. Casing. This is the trimming around a door or
window.
16. Casement. This is a window in which the sash
wings open on its vertical edge.
22. 17. Stair. This is a series of steps with or without
landings or platforms, usually between two or more
floors in a building.
18. Stairwell. This is the framed opening which
receives the stairs.
19. Sidings. This refers to the finish covering of the
outside wall of a building.
20. Ceiling. This is the finish covering of the joist of a
roofing system.
21. Rafter. This is one of a series of structural
members of a roof designed to support roof loads.
22. Truss. This is a structural unit assembled in the
form of a triangle. It provides a rigid support over
wide spans with minimum amount of material.
