Presentation2.pptx

FARRHATH THYIB | ORGANIC ORIGINS | RIDEEMALIYADDA, BADULLA DIST, SRI LANKA I PDC - PRO (OSU-2-0000)
SOIL MAP
& TESTS
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY PERMACULTURE DESIGN
COURSE
SOIL MAP AND TESTS
YOUR NAME HERE
A S S I G N M E N T - T H I R T E E N

For your consideration ( This slide will be deleted after grading review)
1. Soil Percolation test
I did not notice that a photograph with a ruler in the dry pit is required as per the master slide before adding water to the DRY test pit. Sorry, this will not
give a correct reading as immediate effect would be INFILTERATION (passage of water through soil surface) . Percolation (passage of water through
soil profile) has a lower rate compared to infiltration; percolation takes effect only after infiltration saturates the soil. Percolation happens within the soil
up to the aquifer, therefore adding water to a dry pit and reading, after water completely drains out will not be accurate, It is important to saturate the test
pit before a percolation test.
Sorry, my mind was focused on the percolation tests, and therefore, saturated the test pits in advance for percolation tests, making identification of
horizons difficult. For tests did not use a ruler, but a metal peg with markings, a band of 2cm to keep it simple and easy for the caretaker to start and
stop the stopwatch.. Anyway, I have added a scaled image of a ruler to the pits to meet assignment requirements. .
But, if the learning outcome is, identifying soil horizons, I have gone beyond the requirement of this assignment. I have dug a soil profile pit until the
bedrock was reached, marking all 5 horizons. There was no E horizon visible. Did it as the soil solum ( A, E & B horizons) are the most important
horizons for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, I did include ISRIC SoilGrid Data and my own readings of pH, EC, & NPK values for each soil sample
( readings may vary in few days with the onset of southwest monsoons)
In my opinion, I also, feel it is important to classify soil drainage as Excessive, High , Medium or Low based on percolation rates.. As different crops,
have different water requirements, Well drained soil for some plants and waterlogged fields with low percolation rate for crops such as rice. Please give
it a thought. .
2.The Jar Tests
With no imports, finding flat bottom jars which could hold about 1L was a challenge by itself. There was only 1 that I could find after searching 6
supermarkets near home. . Actually, I wanted to buy 4 jars as there are 8 microclimate zones,
For Clay to settle and get an accurate reading it takes a long time. The first test site sample even with a low clay content took 6 days to settle. As for
ribbon tests 6 out of 8 got more clay. Therefore, for this assignment I have added 4 jar test results. Which I believe is more than average for a design
site .
Trust no marks will be deducted. You have motivated me giving 100% scores, some consolation during these difficult times. . All 8 Jar tests will be
completed before 21st August and the assignment slides amended.
3. Tip
Shinning a flashlight above the open jar made it easy to identify the level of clay. Did it second test onwards
2

13 SOIL MAPPING | Overview
13 | Soil Map & Tests 3
SOIL MAP OF SRI LANKA
(Scale – 1: 500,000)
SOIL MAP OF UVA PROVINCE
(Scale – 1: 500,000)
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
28.07.2022
ORGANIC ORIGINS PERMACULTURE
Weeragolla Road, Deekirigolla, Rideemaliyadda,
Badulla Dist. Sri Lanka.
GEOLOGICAL HISTORY
More than 90% of Sri Lanka's surface lies on
Precambrian strata, some of it dating back 2 billion years.
The granulite facies rocks of the Highland Series
(gneisses, sillimanite-graphite gneisses, quartzite,
marbles, and some charnockites) make up most of the
island and the amphibolite facies gneisses, granites, and
granitic gneisses of the Vinjayan Series occur in the
eastern and southeastern lowlands. Jurassic sediments
are present today in very small areas near the western
coast and Miocene limestones underlie the northwestern
part of the country and extend south in a relatively narrow
belt along the west coast. The metamorphic rock surface
was created by the transformation of ancient sediments
under intense heat and pressure during mountain-building
processes The theory of plate tectonics suggests that
these rocks and related rocks forming most of south India
were part of a single southern landmass called
Gondwanaland. Beginning about 200 million years ago,
forces within the Earth's mantle began to separate the
lands of the Southern Hemisphere, and a crustal plate
supporting both India and Sri Lanka moved toward the
northeast. About 45 million years ago, the Indian plate
collided with the Asian landmass, raising the Himalayas in
northern India, and it continues to advance slowly to the
present time. Sri Lanka does not experience earthquakes
or major volcanic events because it rides on the center of
the plate.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org (accessed: July 2022)
DESIGN SITE SOIL TYPE:
Reddish Brown Earths & Low Humic Gley
Soils
Undulating Terrain
139301– Soil Map of Sri Lanka
Source: https://www.nsdi.gov.lk (accessed July 2022). 139302– Soil Map of Uva Province
Source: https://www.researchgate.net (accessed July 2022).

13 SOIL MAPPING | SOIL DATA FROM ISRIC SOILGRID
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
29.07.2022
Weeragolla Road, Deekirigolla,
139401– Design site on ISRIC SoilGrid
Note:
1. DESIGN SITE LOCATION ON SOILGRID 2. Design Site Soil Classes
(Probable)
SUMMARY OF SOILGRID DATA
PROBABLE SOIL CLASSES
Cambisols
Rough estimate is that more than
90% of the Design Site soil is made
of Cambisols
Acrisols
Rough estimate is that less than
10% of the Design Site soil is made
of Acrisols
SOIL PROPERTIES ( 0-30 cm)
DERIVED SOIL PROPERTIES
Organic Carbon Density 612 g/dc3
Soil Organic Carbon Stock 105 t/ha
PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES
Bulk Density 125 cg/cm3
Clay Content 390 g/kg
Coarse Fragments 125 cm3/dm3
Sand 390 g/kg
Silt 390 g/kg
CHEMICAL SOIL PROPERTIES
Cation Exchange Capacity (at pH 7.0) 229 mmolc/kg
Nitrogen 620 cg/kg
Soil Organic Carbon 299 dg/kg
pH H2O 6.5 pH * 10
Note:
1. As for soil group map, two probable soil groups are
found in Design Site.
2. Screenshot image colours modified
3. All data from ISRIC SoilGrid
Source URL : https://soilgrids.org
(accessed: July 2022)
139403– Design Site Soil Class - Acrisols
3. DERIVED SOIL PROPERTIES 4 . PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES
5 . CHEMICAL SOIL PROPERTIES
139402– Design Site Soil Class - Cambisols
139404– Derived Soil Properties 139405– Physical Soil Properties
139406– Chemical Soil Properties

5
13 SOIL MAPPING | SOIL PROFILE & TEST LOCATIONS
13 | Soil Map & Tests
P
cm
DESIGN SITE GENERAL SOIL PROFILE
LEGEND : TEST SITE LOCATIONS
Soil Profile Location Test Site 03: The Clearing Test Site 06: The Muddy Ground
Test Site 01: The Forest Test Site 04: The Snake Zone Test Site 07: The Fruit Garden
Test Site 02: The Growing Field Test Site 05: The Aloe Patch Test Site 08: The Palm Grove
P
Microclimate Zone -5
The Aloe Patch
Microclimate Zone -3
The Clearing
Soil Profile
0
6
32
74
131
170
Surface Litter | Partially decomposed
organic matter
Topsoil | Humus, inorganic minerals
Soil organisms, Highest level of
biological activity.
Subsoil | Rich in iron oxide and clay
minerals. Accumulates minerals and
organic matter leached from horizons
above (soil solum).
Substratum| Parent material that is
weathered or partially weathered. May
be enriched with carbonates which are
leached from soil solum.
Bedrock | Parent material, not soil.
cm
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
P
GENERAL INFORMATION
Land Classification: Agriculture Land
Depth to Bedrock: 131.0cm
Regolith Aquifer: 20 – 22m
Crystalline Aquifer: Below 22m
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
30.07.2022
ORGANIC ORIGINS
Rideemaliyadda, Badulla Dist.
Sri Lanka.
139501– Soil Profile Location
139502– Soil Profile – Soil
Horizons

MICROCLIMATE VEGETATION IMAGES
Test Site : 1
The Forest
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Dense vegetation and east facing
slope with water runoff
Heavily Shaded, Forest,
Closed Canopy,
Sub Canopy
Herbaceous Layer,
facing Slope
Mixed fruit trees, All
seven layers of a
forest
Test Site : 2
The Growing Field
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Regularly cultivated, crops rotated
Full Sun
Ground Cover
Flat Ground
Sun Hemp cultivated
for crop rotation and
soil conditioning
Test Site : 3
The Clearing
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Exposed to full sun, cleared to erect
polytunnels.
Full Sun
Exposed
Flat Ground
Low density of
vegetation,
Test Site : 4
The Snake Zone
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Dense vegetation with ground cover
Shaded,
Partially Open Canopy,
Ground Cover
Flat Ground
Ruber cultivation
with Pueraria
Phaseoloides ground
cover
6
1
2
3
4
SOIL TEXTURE ANALYSIS
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
31.07.2022
2
3
4
1
SOIL TEXTURE ANALYSIS ( Non – laboratory )
1. The Jar Test
Soil samples screened with 2mm mesh sieve
( for agricultural soil ).
Soil – Water settling time for this assignment:
approx. 72 - 144 hrs.
Heavy clay content observed in most samples.
Required more than 72 hours for clay to settle In
most samples.
2. The Ribbon Test
Soil samples screened with 2mm sieve
PERCOLATION TEST
The test pits were saturated continuously for about 16
hours per day for 2 days before the tests were carried
out.
Pit size : 30 x 30 x 30 cm
A metal peg with a marking of 2 cm was used to
measure percolation rate Image Files:
139701– Test Site -1
139605– Measuring Tool
Image; 139605

MICROCLIMATE VEGETATION IMAGES
Test Site : 5
The Aloe Patch
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Aloe Vera cultivation
Shaded,
Partially Open
Canopy, Herbaceous
Layer, Ground Cover,
Flat Ground
Rubber cultivation
with Aloe Vera
intercrop
Test Site : 6
The Muddy Ground
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Land allocated for Zone -1 and Gatch
roads & establishment of Zone-5
Partly Shaded,
Open Canopy,
Sub Canopy,
Herbaceous Layer,
Ground Cover,
Flat Ground
Dirt & Mud
Some tall deciduous
trees with some grass
and weed ground
cover
Test Site : 7
The Fruit Garden
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Thinning of nonproductive trees and
replanted with exotic fruit trees
Shaded, Forest, Open
Canopy, Dense Sub
Canopy, Herbaceous
Layer East facing
slope
Mixed fruit trees
Test Site : 8
The Palm Grove
Date Sampled:
29. 06. 2022
Reason Tested:
Old coconut plantation with low yield,
testing suitability to replant coconut
Shaded, Forest Open
Canopy, Dense Sub
Canopy, Herbaceous
Layer
Ground Cover
Flat Ground
Coconut Trees with
some fruit trees
7
5
6
7
8
SOIL TEXTURE ANALYSIS
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
31.07.2022
SOIL TEXTURE ANALYSIS ( Non – laboratory )
1. The Jar Test
Soil samples screened with 2mm mesh sieve
Soil – Water settling time for this assignment:
approx. 72 - 120 hrs.
Heavy clay content observed in most samples.
Required more than 72 hours for clay to settle In
most samples.
2. The Ribbon Test
Soil samples screened with 2mm sieve
PERCOLATION TEST
The test pits were saturated continuously for about 16
hours per day for 2 days before the tests were carried
out.
Pit size : 30 x 30 x 30 cm
A metal peg with a marking of 2 cm was used to
measure percolation rate
6
7
8
5
Image Files:
139605– Measuring Tool
Image; 139605

FARRHATH THYIB | ORGANIC ORIGINS | RIDEEMALIYADDA, BADULLA DIST, SRI LANKA I PDC - PRO (OSU-2-0000) 13 | Soil Map & Tests 8
Test Site: 1
Microclimate:
The Forest
Reason tested:
Visual Description of Soil Pit:
O Horizon depth: 07 mm
A Horizon depth: > 293 mm
Reddish brown with no foul odour. Porous and aerated
No soil compaction detected. Depth of topsoil
estimated to be over 300mm. High density of all types
of plant roots detected. As the test site is on the east
facing slope, clay may have leached to subsoil or
beyond due to runoff infiltration over the years.
13 SOIL TESTING | Test Site - 1
1
Clay: 16% ( 06 mm )
Silt: 25 % ( 09 mm )
Sand: 59% ( 22 mm )
mm
37
31
22
0
Details
Soil Sample Volume: 125 ml
Water: 875 ml
Dishwashing Liquid: 05 ml
Shake Duration 05 min
Age; 144
hrs.
Shake Jar Test
RESULT
SANDY LOAM
SOIL TEXTURE BY FEEL TEST
The soil sample was lightly moist and dark
brown in colour.
1. While kneading soil felt MODERATELY
COARSE.
2. The soil DID NOT BREAK when a ball
was made and squeezed.
3. The soil made WEAK RIBBONS of less
than 25mm in length
4. AVG RIBBON LENGTH : 23.0 MM
2. Rubbing an excessively wet pinch of
soil on the palm, felt VERY GRITTY
5. Result SANDY LOAM OF MEDIUM
COARSE TEXTURE
RESULT: SANDY LOAM
PERCOLATION RATE:
85.3mm/min
SOIL DRAINAGE CHARACTER
WELL DRAINED SOIL
SOIL PERCOLATION
TEST
Nitrogen 9 mg/kg
pH 7.08
EC 160 μS/cm
Phosphorus 3 mg/kg
Potash 3 mg/kg
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(H2O) Shake Jar: Sandy Loam
Percolation: 85.3mm/min
Feel: Moderately Coarse
Ribbon Length: Weak (23.0mm)
Hand Ribbon: Sandy Loam
SOIL TEST SUMMARY
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
02.08.2022
Sri Lanka.
139801– Jar Test
139802– Soil Texture Triangle
139803– Perc Test 1-1
139804– Perc Test 1-2 139805– Perc Test 1-3
139808– Ribbon Test -1
139809– Ribbon Test -2
139810– Test Meters

(Insert 1st Jar
image Here)
(Insert Image of ‘Soil texture by feel’
test and diagnosis of structure)
9
13-04 (Insert Title/Justification)
Test Site 1
Microclimate: xx
Reason tested: xx
SOIL TEST RESULTS:
Shake Jar: Soil Texture Results
Percolation: xx
Feel: xx
Ribbon Length: xx
Hand Ribbon: Soil Texture Results
(Insert site photo)
clay: xx% ( xxmm)
silt: xx % ( xx mm)
sand: xx% (xx mm)
13-03 Jar Test - with results xx
(Insert Image of percolation test and
rate)
(Insert Image of picture of hole with
ruler showing soil profile before you fill
it with water to do your percolation
test)
13-05 (Insert Title/Justification) 13-06 (Insert Title/Justification)
13 SOIL TESTING | Test Site 1
Label your soil test’s
texture on the
pyramid below with
this red dot.
Indicate the
sand, silt or
clay
percentages
below.

(Insert 1st Jar
image Here)
10
Test Site 1
Microclimate: xx
Reason tested: xx
SOIL TEST RESULTS:
Percolation: xx
Feel: xx
Ribbon Length: xx
(Insert site photo)
clay: xx% ( xxmm)
silt: xx % ( xx mm)
sand: xx% (xx mm)
rate)
test)
texture on the
pyramid below with
this red dot.
Indicate the
sand, silt or
clay
percentages
below.

(Insert 1st Jar
image Here)
11
Test Site 1
Microclimate: xx
Reason tested: xx
SOIL TEST RESULTS:
Percolation: xx
Feel: xx
Ribbon Length: xx
(Insert site photo)
clay: xx% ( xxmm)
silt: xx % ( xx mm)
sand: xx% (xx mm)
rate)
test)
texture on the
pyramid below with
this red dot.
Indicate the
sand, silt or
clay
percentages
below.

(Insert 1st Jar
image Here)
12
Test Site 1
Microclimate: xx
Reason tested: xx
SOIL TEST RESULTS:
Percolation: xx
Feel: xx
Ribbon Length: xx
(Insert site photo)
clay: xx% ( xxmm)
silt: xx % ( xx mm)
sand: xx% (xx mm)
rate)
test)
texture on the
pyramid below with
this red dot.
Indicate the
sand, silt or
clay
percentages
below.

(Insert 1st Jar
image Here)
13
Test Site 1
Microclimate: xx
Reason tested: xx
SOIL TEST RESULTS:
Percolation: xx
Feel: xx
Ribbon Length: xx
(Insert site photo)
clay: xx% ( xxmm)
silt: xx % ( xx mm)
sand: xx% (xx mm)
rate)
test)
texture on the
pyramid below with
this red dot.
Indicate the
sand, silt or
clay
percentages
below.

(Insert 1st Jar
image Here)
14
Test Site 1
Microclimate: xx
Reason tested: xx
SOIL TEST RESULTS:
Percolation: xx
Feel: xx
Ribbon Length: xx
(Insert site photo)
clay: xx% ( xxmm)
silt: xx % ( xx mm)
sand: xx% (xx mm)
rate)
test)
texture on the
pyramid below with
this red dot.
Indicate the
sand, silt or
clay
percentages
below.

(Insert 1st Jar
image Here)
15
Test Site 1
Microclimate: xx
Reason tested: xx
SOIL TEST RESULTS:
Percolation: xx
Feel: xx
Ribbon Length: xx
(Insert site photo)
clay: xx% ( xxmm)
silt: xx % ( xx mm)
sand: xx% (xx mm)
rate)
test)
texture on the
pyramid below with
this red dot.
Indicate the
sand, silt or
clay
percentages
below.

10 | Soil Analysis
Nitrogen Rich (Greens or “Juicies”)
10 SOIL ANALYSIS | Local Resources For Building Soil
Carbon Rich (Browns or “Crunchies”)
Other Resources that could be used for Building Soil
xx
xx
xx
Limiting Factors for your Soil Type:
● xx
Notes:
● xx
16
Video tutorials are found
above the slide.

10 | Soil Analysis
10 SOIL ANALYSIS | Soil Building Goals and Plan
Top Goals for Soil Building Onsite When will this happen? Materials or Resources Needed
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
How is your soil building plan responding to the limiting factors that you noticed in your soil tests? Do you have the materials you need to adapt your soil?
17
Video tutorials are found
above the slide.

18
SWOT Analysis
Assignment Conclusion
(Insert your Final thoughts/Conclusions/Reflections/Short Summary
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
HELPFUL + HARMFUL -
Strengths Weaknesses
● Strengths ● Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats
● Opportunities
● Threats

Test Site: 2
Microclimate:
The Growing Field
Reason tested:
Reddish brown with no foul odour. Porous and aerated
No soil compaction detected. Depth of topsoil
estimated to be over 300mm. High density of all types
of plant roots detected. As the test site is on the east
facing slope, clay may have leached to subsoil or
beyond due to runoff infiltration over the years.
Clay: 16% ( 06 mm )
Silt: 25 % ( 09 mm )
Sand: 59% ( 22 mm )
mm
37
31
22
0
Details
Water: 875 ml
Age; 144
hrs.
Shake Jar Test
brown in colour.
1. While kneading soil felt MODERATELY
COARSE.
3. The soil made WEAK RIBBONS of less
than 25mm in length
soil on the palm, felt VERY GRITTY
5. Result SANDY LOAM OF MEDIUM
COARSE TEXTURE
RESULT: SANDY LOAM
PERCOLATION RATE:
1.4 mm/min
Good
SOIL PERCOLATION
TEST
Nitrogen 9 mg/kg
pH 7.08
EC 160 μS/cm
Phosphorus 3 mg/kg
Potash 3 mg/kg
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(H2O) Shake Jar: Sandy Loam
Percolation: 1.4 mm/min
Feel: Moderately Coarse
Ribbon Length: Weak (23.0mm)
Hand Ribbon: Sandy Loam
SOIL TEST SUMMARY
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
02.08.2022
Sri Lanka.
139801– Jar Test
139803– Perc Test 1-1
139808– Ribbon Test 1-1
RESULT: SANDY LOAM
RESULT
SANDY LOAM

43
27
11
0
Test Site: 2
Microclimate:
The Growing Field
Reason tested:
Regularly cultivated, crops
rotated
Reddish brown earth with no foul odour. Porous and
aerated, No soil compaction detected. Depth of topsoil
estimated to be over 300mm. Some plant roots
detected.
Details
Water: 875 ml
Age; 96 hrs.
Shake Jar Test
brown in colour.
1. While kneading soil felt FINE.
3. The soil made MEDIUM RIBBONS
between 25mm to 50mm
soil on the palm, neither grittiness or
smoothness predominated
5. Result CLAY LOAM OF FINE TEXTURE
RESULT: CLAY LOAM
PERCOLATION RATE:
3.3 mm/min
Fast
SOIL PERCOLATION
TEST
Nitrogen 10 mg/kg
pH 6.79
EC 140 μS/cm
Phosphorus 3 mg/kg
Potash 5 mg/kg
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(H2O) Shake Jar: Clay Loam
Feel: Fine
Ribbon Length: Medium (40.0mm)
Hand Ribbon: Clay Loam
SOIL TEST SUMMARY
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
02.08.2022
Sri Lanka.
139901– Jar Test
139903– Perc Test 2-1
139908– Ribbon Test 2 -1
2
Sand: 26% ( 11 mm )
Silt: 37% ( 16 mm )
Clay: 37% ( 16 mm )
RESULT
CLAY LOAM

Test Site: 3
Microclimate:
The Clearing
Reason tested:
rotated
A Horizon depth: 04 – 17 mm
B Horizon depth > 17 mm
Reddish brown earth with no foul odour. Very porous
and well aerated, No soil compaction detected. Depth
of topsoil about. High density of plant roots detected.
Details
Water: 875 ml
Detergent Powder: 05 ml
Age; 72 hrs.
Shake Jar Test
brown in colour.
1. While kneading soil felt COARSE.
RESULT: CLAY LOAM
SOIL PERCOLATION
TEST
PERCOLATION RATE:
13.0 mm/min
VERY FAST
Nitrogen 36 mg/kg
pH 6.50
EC 146 μS/cm
Phosphorus 13 mg/kg
Potash 18 mg/kg
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Feel: Fine
SOIL TEST SUMMARY
SOIL MAPS & TESTS
FARRHATH THYIB
02.08.2022
Sri Lanka.
1310001– Jar Test
1310003– Perc Test 3-1
1310009– Ribbon Test-3 -2
Sand: 45% ( 24 mm )
Silt: 20% ( 11 mm )
Clay: 35% ( 19 mm )
RESULT
CLAY LOAM
3
54
35
24
0

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