2. Social Learning Theory
•Alex Bandura
•Modelling
•Learning through
observing others’
behaviour, attitudes, &
outcomes of those
behaviours.
•“Reciprocal
Determinism”: a person’s
behaviour both
influences, and is
influenced by personal
factors & social
environment
•A person may model
behaviour by:
1. The observer is
reinforced by the model.
2. The observer is
reinforced by a third
person.
3. The imitated behavior
itself leads to reinforcing
consequences. Many
behaviors that we learn
from others produce
satisfying or reinforcing
results.
3. Example 1: Time
Management
Modelled by John:
•Deliberately comes to
class late knowing that
Teacher is frequently
late & would not
punish him
Example 2:
Respect
Ms Jia:
•Does not respect
her students
•Insisted harshly
that John had
cheated in the test
•Shamed Minah by
insulting her
abilities, or lack of
Modelled by her students:
•Do not show her respect by
settling down
•Name-calling: Jia-Lat
•Class jeered at Minah
•John was openly defiant
towards Ms Jia
•Verbal insults and antagonism
exchanged btw John and Lian
Huay in Ms Jia’s presence
Ms Jia:
•Came into class 10
mins late
•Late in completing
the tasks assigned to
her
•Unable to complete
her teaching on time
4. Social Emotional Development
Ms Jia: Self-Concept & Self-Efficacy
Students: Erikson’s Identity vs Confusion
Students: Self-concept & Self-worth
5. Ms Jia: Self-concept & Self-efficacy
Self-Concept
Negative
• Inability to manage work & finish tasks
on time
• Questioning career choice
• Inability to manage classroom & deal w
difficult students
• Perpetually tired, sighing
Self-Efficacy
Low
• Feels burdened by her to-do list
• Unable to finish teaching content
• Unable to teach effectively – inattentive
students
• Physiological factors: fatigue
6. Students: Identity vs Confusion
Annie: ‘kiasu’,
hard-working,
‘favourite’ student
John: the ‘cool’
rebel. Can be rude,
aggressive, and a
bully.
Jimmy & Marcus:
looks up to John,
encourages his
poor habits.
Lian Huay: the
‘pretty’ girl in class
– prides her self on
her looks
Lucy: nonchalent,
perceptive and
aware of Ms Jia’s
techniques.
7. Students: Self-concept & Self-worth
Annie
• Positive self-concept & high self-worth
• Solved Ms Jia’s solution easily & confidently, high ability, self-motivated
• Positive self-fulfilling prophecy: Ms Jia’s high expectations of Annie
John
• Negative self-concept & low self-worth
• Feels that nothing he does is good enough
• Negative self-worth – symptomatic of his aggressive behaviour towards
teacher & peers, however, sees himself as crafty and manipulative
• Negative self-fulfilling prophecy: John branded as a difficult student
Minah
• Negative self-concept & low self-worth
• Put down as academically incompetent & low ability
• Negative self-fulfilling prophecy: vows not to ask questions anymore
Lian
Huay
• Seems to have positive physical self-concept
• Took John’s insults personally – emotionally affected: low self worth?
