The document summarizes the work of the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Peanut Productivity and Mycotoxin Control (Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab). The lab works in 5 countries to improve peanut production and reduce mycotoxins. For Haiti specifically, it describes the current peanut value chain model which involves small scale, low input, and manual production, processing, and markets. It then outlines challenges at each stage from production such as low yields to post-harvest handling, and proposes solutions investigated by the lab such as new varieties, drying methods, and education.
1. Feed the Future Innovation Lab
for Collaborative Research on
Peanut Productivity and
Mycotoxin Control
(Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab)
2. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
• Global importance (39 million tons,
95% in developing countries)
• Highly nutritious (protein, fiber,
unsaturated fats, RUTF/RUSF)
• Valuable as a legume in cereal
systems (fixes nitrogen)
• Often a women’s (and cash) crop
(food security)
• Drought Tolerant (Climate Smart)
Why peanuts?
3. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
• Contaminate numerous crops, and livestock products
• Reduce quality and marketability
• Carcinogenic with serious health effects
• Linked with childhood stunting
Why mycotoxins?
4. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Peanut value chains in 5 countries
USA
Hait
i
Ghan
a
Zambia
Mozambiqu
e
Malawi
Mycotoxin mitigation across crops
PMIL’s Focus
6. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Haiti Peanut Production
7. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Filbert, Meghan and Brown, Dan, September, 2012. Aflatoxin Contamination in Haitian
and Kenyan Peanut Butter and Two Solutions for Reducing Such Contamination.
Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 7:321-332.
Aflatoxin Contamination in Haitian Peanut Butter
8. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
ConsumptionConsumptionProcessingProcessingMarketMarketProductionProduction
o Small Scale
o Low input
o Low yield
o Rainfed
o Manual
o Informal
o Local
o Individual
o Seasonal
o Speculative
o Household
Scale
o Local
o Manual
o Limited QC
o Peanut Butter
o Roasted Peanuts
o Local
Haitian Peanut Value Chain Model
9. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
High Production Costs
– Land holding (0.5ha/1.2ac)
– Low tech, manual labor (cash & collective)
– High cost of inputs (seed & labor)
– Limited access to credit for agriculture
Low Yields (~400kg/ha)
– Rainfed
– Disease
– Low soil fertility
– Low quality seed (genetically & physically)
– Lack of technical expertise
– Limited input availability
ConsumptionConsumptionProcessingProcessingMarketMarketProduction
10. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
o Drought Stress
o Disease Stress
o Spacing/Germination
o Rotation
o Soil fertility
11. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
o Peanut grown on sloping land
o Limited potential for improvement
12. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
o Labor costs
o Security
o Drying tarp improvement
13. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Post-Harvest Handling
– Incomplete drying
– Insecure, unventilated storage
High Prices (~60-100HTG/kg = $1250-2k/ton)
$430/ton in US
– Seasonal Volatility
– Fragmented market chain
– Exploitative speculation by middlemen
Low Quality
– High levels of aflatoxin
– Immature peanuts
ConsumptionConsumptionProcessingProcessingMarketProductionProduction
14. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
o Small traders = high
transaction costs, negative
feedback to producer
o Volumetric trading = no
quality valuation
o Transportation
o Bag improvement
15. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
ConsumptionProcessingMarketMarketProductionProduction
Peanut Butter at household/community scale
Roasted peanuts at local market
No Economies of Scale
95% goes to informal sector
Manual processing
Limited quality control
No alternative/waste stream uses (oil, feed, fuel, etc.)
Sorted peanuts are used in mamba, tablette
Higher Cost/Lower Quality Product for Consumer
16. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
USAID Peanut CRSP Research (2008-2012)
• Reduce production costs
– Livelihood Survey
– Mechanization
– Seed systems
• Improve yields
– Training farmers, students &
agronomists
– Creole language production guide
– Variety evaluation
– Input trials (fungicide, fertility)
• Aflatoxin Control
– Detection
– Alternative uses
17. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
Variety/Fungicide Trials
Randomized replicated
plots with 3rd
year
agronomy students in
Limbe, Northern Haiti
19. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
• Improve plant health (varieties, agronomy)
• Improved drying
• New storage options
• Better processing technologies
• Find alternative uses for the waste stream
• Educate consumers and policy makers
• Research exposure levels to focus resources
Best Bets and Next Steps for
Mycotoxin Control in Haiti
20. Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)
explore
pmil.caes.uga.edu
subscribe to
eNewsletter
follow on
social media
THANKS
Editor's Notes
Transition: one negative of peanuts is aflatoxin
What are mycotoxins?
Story to tell: Total volume is going down. Yields are not improving. FAO yield numbers are iffy?
“Let’s look at the peanut value chain… many ways to organize these models. For today’s purpose, I want to you to take away the key characteristics of each of these steps and we’ll dig into the details a bit more as well go.”
Labor costs, drying is improvement, timing of everything is off b/c of labor constraints,
Transaction costs and no tracablity
Small farm (high transaction costs b/c of so many hands- not scalable), bags are improvement, transport
Emphasize impact on yields and capacity building: students though herbicide was applied and “a peanut is mature when the leaves fall off”
Explain data: yields on top and rust resistance on the bottom. Point out 36 and Tifguard. Talk about distribution and seed multiplication. Getting 500g and trying to make 1000kg.
