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CENTRAL LUZON DOCTORS' HOSPITAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION, INC.
Romulo Highway, San Pablo, Tarlac City, Tarlac
GROUP 3
SISTER LETTY G. KUAN - Kuan's Retirement and
Role Discontinuity Model
Ayran, Jamila
Carreon, Angelou C.
Garbin, Maria Shermie Jane S.
Navarro, Nico
Oliveros, Francis Gabriel
Reyes, Kristine Pauline
Stroud, Destiny Jayanne
SISTER LETTY G. KUAN
A. History and background of the theorist
 Born on November 19, 1936 in Katipunan-Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte
 Master degree in Nursing and Guidance and Counseling
 She also holds a Doctoral degree in Education
 Has a vast contribution to the University of the Philippines College of Nursing
Faculty and Academic achievements
 She is now a Professor Emeritus, a title awarded only to a few who met the strict
criteria.
 She had two Master’s Degrees, MA in Nursing and MS Education, Major in
Guidance Counseling, culminating in Doctor of Education (Guidance and
Counseling).
 She has clinical fellowship and specialization in Neuropsychology in University
of Paris, France (Salpetriere Hospital). Neurogerontology in Waterson, New York
(Good Samaritan Hospital) and Syracuse University, New York.
 She also had Bioethics formal training at Institute of Religion, Ethics and Law at
Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.
 She authored several books giving her insight in the areas of Gerontology, Care of
Older Persons and Bioethics.
 She is a recipient of the Metrobank Foundation Outstanding Teachers Award in
1995 and an Award for Continuing Integrity and Excellence in Service (ACIES)
in 2004.
 Her religious community is the Notre Dame de Vie founded in France in 1932.
 As a former member of the Board of Nursing, her legacy to the Nursing
Community is without a doubt, indisputable.
 She authored several books giving her insights in the areas of Gerontology, Care
of Older Persons and Bioethics and Essence of Caring.
 Concepts of illness and health care intervention in an urban community by Kuan,
Letty G.; (Quezon City): 1975
 Understanding the FIlipino elderly: a textbook for nurses and related health
professional by Kuan, LEtty G.; Dipolog City: Jesus G. Kuan Foundation, 1993

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 Essence of Caring by Letty G. Kuan, National Teacher Training Center for the
Health Professions, University of the Philippines Manila, Learning Resources
Unit, 1993 and other books:
 Pag-aaruga Sa Mga Taong May Edad Na by Kuan, Letty G.; Quezon City: UP-
KAT, 1998
 Bioethics in Nursing by Kuan, Letty G.; Manila: Educational Pub House, 2006
B. About the theory/model of Nursing Intervention
These may include opinions on the ideals and aims the person holding the job should
uphold as well as the expectations for his behavior. In addition, it includes the shared
assessment that result from the retiree's socialization experiences, the beliefs they assimilated
while they prepared for the job, and adjustments to the standards that society has socially
established for the role itself. There are complementary sets of roles in the social structure for
each social position, and these roles are in continual contact with one another. The group of
common goals centered on a specific perspective.
C. Focus
Retirement and Role Discontinuities
-Main Proposition
•Identified the factors that determine a “fruitful” aging process.
•Emphasis on the challenge of role transition that aging people face.
•Proposed that when an individual is holistically prepared for the transition, it will
become a positive experience for the aging individual.
-Key Concepts
•Physiological Age is the endurance of cells and tissues to withstand the wear-and-
tear phenomenon of the human body.
•Role refers to the set of shared expectations focused upon a particular position. It is
also the set of shared expectations from the retiree’s socialization experiences and the values
internalized while preparing for the position as well as the adaptations to the expectations
socially defined for the position itself.
•Change of Life is the period between near retirement and post retirement years. In
medico-physiologic terms, this equates with the climacteric period of adjustment and
readjustment to another tempo of life.
•Retiree is an individual who has left the position occupied for the past years of
productive life because he/she has reached the prescribed retirement age of has completed the
required years of service.
•Role Discontinuity is the interruption in the line of status enjoyed or role performed.
The interruption may be brought about by an accident, emergency, and change of position or
retirement.
•Coping Approaches refer to the interventions or measures applied to solve a
problematic situation or state in order to restore or maintain equilibrium and normal
functioning.
-Framework
Retirement starts when a person has reached the prescribed age of retirement and ceases
his role in work productivity. At this stage, role discontinuity occurs and the person has to
adapt to the change. As these life changing events were experienced by the elderly, certain
adjustments are necessary that could lead to fruitful aging. There are determinants that were
identified that intervene to the adjustment process before attaining a fruitful retirement and
aging. These determinants are: Prepared retirement, Health Status, Income, Family
Constellation, and Self-preparation. These determinants were identified to have a positive
effect on the outlook of the individual on the outcome of his retirement. The expected
outcome of implementing the determinants is having a fruitful retirement and aging.
D. How can it be applied in the Nursing process (ADPIE)
This theory states that retirement is another phase in a person’s life that would
require some adjustments in order to have a fruitful retirement and aging. According to
the theory, there are some roles that the person has already learned to play for many
years. Now that the role has to be discontinued, there is a period of adjustment for this
too so that the person can adjust to yet again, another new role in their life. There are

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different things that can make the role discontinuity and retirement become positive in
people’s lives.
The determinants of positive outcome in retirement and fruitful aging concerning
role discontinuity:
1. Health Status refers to healthy or sick status of the respondents according to their
physical and mental wellbeing.
2. Income (economic level) refers to the capacity of an individual, financially, that is
classified by poor, moderate, and rich.
3. Work Status refers to the status of an individual in the aspect of employment.
4. Family Constellation means the type of family composition described either close knit
or extended family where three more generations of family members live under one roof; or
distanced family, whose member live in separate dwelling units; or nuclear type of family where
only husband, wife and children live together.
5. Self-Preparation refers to the preparedness of oneself to the possible outcomes in life.
APPLICATION TO NURSING
This theory provides framework to give ideas on coping up on retirement. It focuses on the
selected elements that may prevent negative perception to retiring and aging using practical
determinants, as aging is feared by most of the people and poses a negative health status to
individuals. This theory is deemed theory to research as it generates new ideas and fills gaps on
gerontology research. It gives specific knowledge on how a patient or a client, specifically a
retiree, on how to cope up with the role discontinuity and what will determine their fruitful
aging. With the given knowledge by Kuan, it will help more gerontologist to study more about
retirement and different aspects of it.
E. If the theorist adapted his/her theory from another theorists both local and
international.
The Theory of Sister Letty G Kuan is adapted to both local and international
because it is socially defined for the position itself and the social roles is a
complementary set of roles in the social structure among interaction that’s why it is
constantly occurring worldwide.
In Kuan's theory of retirement and role discontinuities, she values the effect of
retirement as a phase of one's life and its accompanying adjustments. She identified the
determinants of positive perceptions in retirement and positive reactions toward role
discontinuities.
She identified the determinants of positive perceptions in retirement and positive
reactions toward role discontinuities. Health status, income, work status, family
constellation and self-preparation are identified. I think that the most determinant factor
of which is the self-preparation considering that all the factors are also important.