Countries’ presentation on internal quality control: Japan
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The second lab managers’ meeting of the South-East Asia Laboratory NETwork (SEALNET) took place on 19 - 23 November 2018 in ICAR-IISS (Indian Institute of Soil Science), Bhopal, India. Mr. Yasuhito Shirato, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan and Mr. Yuji Maejima, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO (NIAES) (2nd Day)
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Countries’ presentation on internal quality control: Japan
- 1. Internal quality control Soil Inventory Unit Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), NARO Japan
- 2. Do you have and use an internal quality control system i.e. do you have a set of rules to detect analytical errors within your laboratory? Yes (in case of pH, T-C, Ex-K) If yes, are these rules written? NO If yes, how often to you use your internal quality control system? Every time in the experiment
- 3. What are the characteristics of the material used for quality control (QC)? What kind of material is used to perform the quality control? - natural soils? YES - synthetic material? NO - chemicals? NO Is the material used for QC: - prepared by yourself ? YES(T-C) - prepared out of the laboratory ? NO - bought to a company as a certified reference material ? YES(pH, Ex-K)
- 4. Example material used for quality control (QC) No. Soil type Land use Hor. Analysis items NDG-1 Andosols Upland Ap • Water content • pH • EC • T-C, T-N • CEC • Ex-Ca, Mg, K • Ave-P (Troug-method) • Soluble-Cu NDG-2 Bw NDG-3 Yellow soils (Cambisols) Upland Ap NDG-4 Bw NDG-5 Andosols Upland Ap (fertilizer: Large) NDG-6 Ap (fertilizer: Small) NDG-7 Gray Lowland soils (Fluvisols) Paddy Ap (Near the entrance of irrigation water) • Water content • Easily reducible-Mn • Total-Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, As • 0.1M HCl-Cd, Cu, Zn • 1M NH4OAc-Pb • 1M HCl-As NDG-8 Ap (Near the exit of irrigation water)
- 5. Analysis of the control material Are you using the control material for all your analytical parameters? NO If 'NO' are you using it for: - pH YES - EC NO - Carbon YES - etc. (please make the list of the top ten analysis according to on line survey) How often do you analyze your control material? - in every analytical batch YES - every hours NO - once a day NO - once a week NO - once a month NO No . Analytical parameters Control materials 1 pH Yes 2 T-C, T-N Yes 3 PAC* No 4 Clay content No 5 Bulk density No 6 Permeability No 7 3 phase ratio No 8 Ex-Ca, Mg, K, Na Yes 9 CEC No 10 Extractable-Fe, Al, Si No *: Phosphate Adsorption Coefficient
- 6. Comparison of control material results to specific statistical limits Do you have a data base where the control material results are collected? NO Are you using quality charts to plot your results (like in the figure attached this email)? NO Can you show an example of quality control chart obtained in your laboratory? NO How do you determine the specific statistical limits for acceptable/rejection limits? Please describe it shortly or provide the statistical test In the case of carbon content, if the measured value of the standard sample is within 3 standard deviations(SD) of the average value(Ave.), it is acceptable. But, if it is out of range, measure again.
- 7. Action after a negative results for quality control If the quality control procedure indicates a failure (results out the statistical limits), what do you do? Please explain shortly the procedure Check the error (±3σ), and carry out re-experiment. Find the cause of the error and take a solution.
- 8. Staff qualification Is there a quality control officer to look into the quality of the results? NO If YES, did she/he get some special training to do this control? If YES, please provide some short information on the type of training she/he received Does she/he continue to be trained on a regular basis? NO If YES, please provide information on the frequency and duration of the training
- 9. Examples coming from your lab Please, provide an example of variability you have observed in your internal quality control. Or provide any examples that would help the other participants to understand your QC procedures. See next slides!
- 10. NIAES, as a national coordinating Institute, conducts a Proficiency Testing (PT) program for soil organic carbon survey, which is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). NIAES prepares standard soil samples and send them to the Agricultural Research Centers in Local Government Unit (47 Units in Japan) to maintain QA/QC. Soil Survey and Laboratory Analysis manual for SOC Conventional Survey Simplified Survey
- 11. Gray Lowland Soil Andosol TC TN C/N TC TN C/N (g/kg) (g/kg) Average 15.2 1.5 10.5 55.1 3.2 17.2 SD 0.14 0.05 0.31 0.13 Standard Soils Samples and Results of PT for SOC SOC (Andosol)SOC (Gray Lowland Soil) 47 LGU 47 LGU T-C (g/kg)
- 12. Thanks for your attention We conducted a national soil survey training course for LGU once a year. We conducted a national soil survey training course for LGU once a year.
- 13. Thanks for your attention
Editor's Notes
- Good morning, everyone. My name is Yuji Maejima from Japan. I’m a senior researcher of Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO. My major is soil survey, pedology. Then, I would like to explain about the status of our laboratory for internal quality control.
- The first question is Yes. In case of pH, T-C and Ex-K. Second question is No. And, third question is every time in the experiment.
- Next slide is QC. We have natural soils for QC. In the case of T-C, we prepare reference materials by ourselves. But, about pH and Ex-K, we will buy a certificated reference material from a private company.
- This shows you an example material, we used usually. These certificated reference materials had been created by the Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition during 4 years(1982-1985), and was generally sold. They were analyzed at 15 domestic analytical institutions through the statistical analysis, and used as soil standard samples in Japan. Unfortunately, these soil samples are sold out now. The price is 3500-5000 JPY (30-45 USD) by each sample.
- The answer for next question is No. As shown by this table, we have several control materials for pH, T-C, T-N, and Ex-Ca, Mg, K, and Na. And, we analyze our control material in every analytical batch.
- Then, about these questions, unfortunately all answers are No. But, we can answer a little about last question. That is, in the case of carbon content, if the measured value of the standard sample is within 3 standard deviations(SD) of the average value(Ave.), it is acceptable. But, if it is out of range, we have to measure it again.
- So, we check the error (±3σ), and carried out re-experiment.
- These are all difficult questions for us. Because our staff is very few, only 4 scientists and 3 technicians in our laboratory, and we cannot check the every staff qualification.
- This is an example from our lab. NIAES, as a national coordinating Institute, conducts a Proficiency Testing (PT) program for soil organic carbon survey, which is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). NIAES prepares standard soil samples and send them to the Agricultural Research Centers in Local Government Unit (47 Units in Japan) to maintain QA/QC.
- This slide shows you Standard Soils Samples and Results of PT for SOC. Both of soil samples are taken from surface layer. The left one is Gray Lowland soils, Fluvisols, and right one is Kuroboku soils, Andosols. These figures shows you the results of PT for SOC by 47 LGU.
- This is the last slide of my presentation. This photo has taken last month at Hokkaido, northern part of Japan. This is Dr. Yasuhito Shirato, and he is Dr. Toshiaki Ohkura. And he says like this.