Interactive Lecture

1. 1. Title of Lecture: Diagnosing the
Fundamental Constituents of an
essay
Unit Topic: Essay Writing
Grade Level: 9-10
Class: English Compositional Writing
101
Mr. Esteban Lara
Interactive Lecture Presentation

2. Educational Hook
• Draw a K-W-L chart by drawing three lines on a piece of paper.
On this piece of paper, label each of the following sections:
what you know, what you want to know, and what you have
learned.
• Give me examples of what you think the parts of an essay are
included in the K portion of your K-W-L chart.
• In a think-pair share technique, discuss with your partners on
what you think are the parts of an essay? What do you know
about an essay?

3. Graphic/Table Organizer
What do you know about
the basic parts of the
story?
What do you want to
know about the basic
constituents of the story?
What have you learned?

4. Educational Hook
• Before we begin our lecture, write in the W portion of your K-
W-L chart and tell us what you want to know about the parts of
an essay.

5. Graphic/Table Organizer
What do you know about
the basic parts of the
story?
What do you want to
know about the basic
constituents of the story?
What have you learned?

6. Lecture Objectives and CA
Content Objectives
Content Objectives
•(CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.9-10.4)
Determine the meaning of words and
phrases as they are used in the text,
including figurative and connotative
meanings; analyze the cumulative
impact of specific word choices on
meaning and tone (e.g., how the
language evokes a sense of time and
place; how it sets a formal or
informal tone).
•(CCSS.ELA.LITERACY.9-10.2) -
Determine a theme of central idea of
a text and analyze in detail its
development over the course of a
text, interact with other characters,
and advance the plot or develop the
theme.
Lecture Objectives
•Students will classify the
constituents of an essay to express
an idea, message, or theme
effectively.
•Students will identify the
fundamental components of
compositional writing to enhance
their writing skills.
•Students will analyze arguments
to reinforce their knowledge of
essay structure.

7. Progress Monitoring Questions
• Discuss with your partners on what you think the significance of
conveying a central claim means within the larger scope of
society. When you discuss with your partner about the
fundamentals, respond to the question: “Why are articles and
essays important in society?

8. Parts of an
Article/Essay
• Introduction
• Thesis
• Topic Sentence
• Evidence
• Concluding Sentence
• Conclusion
• Diction
• Themes
• Inferences
Body
Paragraph 1
Introduction
Topic
Sentence
Evidence
Analysis
Conclusion sentence
Conclusion

9. Introduction
• Introduction- tells reader what you will discuss. In other words, the introduction is a
preview of what the author will convey in an article or essay
• Article example: “Anticipation for Captain Marvel as the key to defeating Thanos began
with a tease. In the post-credits stinger for Avengers: Infinity War, released a year ago this
weekend, Samuel L. Jackson’s Nick Fury, moments from being disappeared by the
villain’s universe-cleaving snap, uses a pager to summon a new ally.The Marvel fandom
immediately wondered how Captain Marvel might swing the tide against the Mad Titan,
and why the MCU had kept that hero in reserve for so many movies until this crucial
moment. Her powers were analyzed, the comics consulted, any and all clues about her
impending appearance consumed, all with the endgame (sorry) of discerning how she
might match up against Thanos, and what advantages she might bring above and beyond
every other MCU hero” (Kram).
• With your partner, discuss why do you think the introduction is important in an essay?
• Real-world example: meeting someone new and telling them who you are.

10. Thesis
• Thesis Statement- is the central claim, message, or idea of an essay.
• Real-world example: In-N-Out has the best burgers in Southern California because they place
thorough attention to quality.
• Different types of thesis: 1) Umbrella: As a result of investigating the effects of anxiety on
today’s generation, millennials are more susceptible to the adversities of mental illness than
previous generations from excessive usage of social media. 2) Claim and rationale: School is
important for millennials and Generation Z. Employers are seeking candidates who obtain a
college diploma. 3) List: Marijuana should be legalized because of money, low crime rates, and
less corruption.
• What is the purpose of thesis in an essay? Can an essay exist without a thesis? Write in your
journals and give your own opinion on the role of an argument. After writing in your journal,
talk with the person behind you and converse each other’s ideas
• Read “Millennials Don’t Stand a Chance” by Annie Lowrey by clicking on the below:
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/millennials-are-new-lost-generation/609832/.

11. Topic Sentence
• Topic Sentence: It is the sentence at the beginning of each body paragraph.
• Article example: “According to several experts I spoke with, a new civil
conflict will look nothing like the first American Civil War. It’s not likely that
clear sides will be drawn up with massive armies of Americans marching
towards each other as drones strike from above. An insurgency is more
likely—a period of sustained and distributed conflict where non-state actors
carry out violence to achieve a political goal. Several said they believe we’re
already in the early stages of one, a period before large-scale political violence
the CIA defines as an “incipient insurgency” (Gault).
• Why is it necessary to include the topic sentence at the beginning of each
paragraph?
• Write in your e-journals or journals on why you think it is significant. Then turn
to your partner on your right side to deliberate over the importance of Topic
sentences

12. Evidence
• Evidence- presenting facts, statistics, datas to support a idea
• Real-life example- typically in a Jordan-Lebron argument, In-N-
Out or The Habit sports fans and food enthusiasts respectively
use statistics, factual information, or data to decide who is the
better player and which is the better restaurant.
• What is the role of evidence in an essay? Why is evidence
important? Can an essay effectively demonstrate its point
without evidence? Why or why not?

13. Analysis
• Analysis- breaking down a situation into parts, forming those parts together
to form a new idea, and making a judgment of that idea.
• Article example (one sentence example): “But the pizza-box format can offer
cooks like Costa and the Widjojo sisters a little more control over how
people enjoy their food, elevating a take-out meal to an experience”
(Makalintal)
• Ask students to give a real-life example on analysis. For example, what are
we doing when we discuss the behavior of another family behavior?
• Question: Why do you think analysis is vital in an essay?
• Discuss with the person in front of you.

14. Diction
• Diction- is the words an author intentionally uses to convey an idea,
concept, or message.
• Article example: “Early in the draft, the curve is steep. The average No.
2 pick is worth only about 80 percent as many VORP in his first five
seasons as the average No. 1, and players only get less valuable from
there” (Paine)
• Ask students to give a real-life example on why diction are important.
• Discuss with the person next to your left side. Afterwards, provide
details of your discussion to the class.

15. Video Clip
• Click on the video link to see how a body paragraph is
constructed.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJDsV05fIXk

16. Image of what an essay can look like.
Chua, Sacha. “2015-01-13 What’s getting in my way when it comes to reverse outlining- - index card #outlining #writing #obstacle” 2015. Flickr.

17. Progress Monitoring Activity
• What do you now know about fundamentals?
• In any article, essay, or review you have read, where have you
seen the parts of an essays at work ?
• How do the fundamental components of an essay contribute to
the expression of the message of the essay? That is, why do you
think learning about the fundamentals in writing is important for
any article?

18. Transition Words
• What are transition words?
• Real-life example
• Transition words- are phrases or words which connects to the sentence to
paragraph and paper.
• Some examples: Moreover- to emphasize a particular point; Therefore- to
illustrate cause and effect; Additionally- trying to add a claim or point
• Read “Millennials Don’t Stand a Chance”- Annie Lowrey again and
provide a list of where you think a transition phrase or sentence may
occur.

19. Themes
• Theme- is the message(s) of the story
• Read “Is the U.S. Already in a New Civil War”— Matthew
Gault by clicking on the link below:
• https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjp48x/is-the-us-already-in-a-
new-civil-war.
• By reading Gault’s article, what are some takeaways from some
of the article? In other words, what do you think are some of the
messages that he conveys throughout the article?

20. Inference and Simile
• Inference: analyzing what is not being said
• By looking at the following article, what is being implied in the
article, “Is the U.S. already in a new civil war?” That is, what is
Gault implying in his article?
• Discuss with your partner.

21. Rhetorical Strategies (Cont.)
• Compare and Contrast: when you see how two topics or things are similar and different
to explain an idea.
• Example: when you have to figure where you will eat, so you compare restaurants.
• Exemplification: giving several examples to validate an idea.
• Example: When we provide several devices to explain how instagram functions
• Cause and Effect: when you illustrate the effects for every action.
• Example: If I run everyday, I will lose weight.
• Problem and Solution: When authors provide a solution for a problem.
• Example: I propose that chocolate is the remedy for the prevention of COVID-19

22. Tone (Atitude and Perspective)
• Tone- the general attitude, feelings, and vibe of a story’s
situation. This idea can be manifested through dialogue, word
choice, and diction.
• Read any article that triggers emotions on your phone and write
down in your journal how this article makes you feel.
• Then, discuss with your partner and contemplate about your
experience.
• What can we extract from tone?

23. What is the purpose of a
conclusion?
• Conclusion: to leave the reader with a lasting impression and tell
your reader what they have just learned.
• What role does a conclusion play in an essay?

24. Graphic/Table Organizer
What do you know about
the basic parts of the
story?
What do you want to
know about the basic
constituents of the story?
What have you learned?

25. Summative
Assessment/Culminating Activity
• Draw a concept map where you incorporate components of an
essay.
• Then, write in your journals about why you think essays are
important in society?
• Once you are done, discuss with a partner why you think essays
provide importance for explaining topic matters and
controversial issues.
• Lastly, write on what have you learned about the essay on the L
portion of the K-W-L chart.

26. Parts of an
Article/Essay
• Introduction
• Thesis
• Topic Sentence
• Evidence
• Concluding Sentence
• Conclusion
• Diction
• Themes
• Inferences
Body
Paragraph 1
Introduction
Topic
Sentence
Evidence
Analysis
Conclusion sentence
Conclusion

27. Works Cited Page
Gault, Matthew. “Is the U.S. Already in a New Civil War?” Vice, https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjp48x/is-the-us-
already-in-a-new-civil-war. Accessed 31 October 2020.
Kram, Zach. “Marvel’s Power Struggles.” The Ringer, https://www.theringer.com/movies/2019/4/25/18515388/marvel-
cinematic-universe-mcu-avengers-endgame-thanos-captain- marvel-power. Accessed 31 October 2020
Lowrey, Annie. “Millennials Don’t Stand A Chance.” The Atlantic,
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/millennials-are-new-lost-generation/609832/. Accessed 31 October
2020.
Makalintal, Bettina. “Pizza Boxes Are Full of More Than Just Slices Now.” Vice,
https://www.vice.com/en/article/n7vwn7/pizza-variety-boxes-are-full-of-more-than-just-slices.Accessed 31 October
2020
Paine, Neil. “To Beat The Warriors, You Gotta Draft Like The Warriors. (Good Luck With That.)” FiveThirtyEight,
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/to-beat-the-warriors-you-gotta-draft-like-the-warriors-good-luck-with-that/.
Accessed 31 October 2020
Rablin, Tyler. “How to Write a Body Paragraph for a Research Paper.” Youtube, Uploaded by Tyler Rablin, 25
February 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJDsV05fIXk