monografia sobre diagrama de flijo de un proceso minero

1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA, MINERA Y
METALÚRGICA
MONOGRAFÍA
DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO DEL MÉTODO DE
EXPLOTACIÓN SUBTERRÁNEO DE
CÁMARAS Y PILARES
Autores:
Arboleda Guivar, Walter
Mamani Simeón, Dennis
Peña Correa, Erick
Profesor:
Ing. Hernán Oyola Gonzales
2021

2. ABSTRACT
Room and pillar is a common mining method for mining ore bodies with a
dip less than 50 degrees. There are different variations of the method
depending on rock conditions and the dip and thickness of the ore body
when mining the ore, a grid system of open rooms together with a system
of pillars to support the overhead rock mass is created. The mining
sequence can be optimized to accommodate rock conditions and ventilation
demands.
The ore is usually mined out using the same drill and blast technique as in
conventional drifting where the drift becomes the room between the pillars.
The process itself holds a number of sequential operations where the
number of activities varies depending on ground conditions and design
criteria.
The key to success in room and pillar mining is to establish the optimum
sizes of the rooms and the pillars to recover the maximum amount of ore
and leave the smallest possible pillars behind without compromising safety.
Room sizes and pillar dimensions are based on rock conditions and
predicted rock stress changes that may occur when mining. To ensure
safety in areas with a larger roof span rock reinforcement such as cable
bolts are sometimes required in addition to rock bolts accurate drilling and
good blasting practice minimize over break and blast damages in the
pillars, this plays an important role to keep the strength in the pillars and
therefore preventing pillar failure as the ore is being mined out roadways
for transport and infrastructure are created inside the production area.
Working at several production points enables efficient use of equipment,
various transportation methods can be used for transporting ore to surface a
well-planed room and pillar mine is flexible to changing commodity prices
on the market and can quickly respond to changing market conditions.
Room and pillar is a productive and flexible mining method that comes
with a certain degree of ore loss for both: small or large scale operations.

3. DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO TEORIA.
A flowchart is a diagram that describes a computer process, system, or
algorithm. They are widely used in many fields to document, study, plan,
improve, and communicate often complex processes in clear, easy-to-
understand diagrams. Flowcharts use various geometric figures to define
the type of step, along with connecting arrows that establish flow and
sequence. They can range from simple, hand-drawn diagrams to
comprehensive computer-created diagrams that describe multiple steps and
paths. If we take into account all the various figures of flowcharts, they are
one of the most common diagrams in the world, used by people with and
without technical knowledge in a variety of fields. More specifically,
flowcharts can:
• Demonstrate how the code is organized.
• Visualize the execution of a code within a program.
• Shoe the structure of a website or application.
Beyond computer programming, flowcharts can have many uses in various
fields of mining such as:
• Represent process or system flows.
• Design and update mining and plant processes.
• Evaluate the life cycle of a mining structure.

4. INICIO
¿Las
características
permiten un Room
and Pillar?
Recopilar informacion
geológica y geotecnica del
yacimiento
NO
Elegir otro
método más
adecuado
SI
Evalar las posibles variaciones del
método según espesor o resistencia de
roca
¿Variación
elegida?
NO
Calcular las
dimensiones de los
pilares y cámaras
¿Los pilares
tienen la dimension
minima posible?
SI
NO
SI
Elegir método de acarreo
(winches, rampa, pique)
a superficie e iniciar
labores necesarias
Perforar el
frente
Cargar
con
explosivos
Realizar la
voladura
Realizar la
ventilacion
Realizar el
desatado
de roca
Carguío
del
mineral
Acarrear
el mineral
¿Requiere
sostenimieto? Sí
Sostener
con pernos,
mallas
shorcrete
etc.
¿Sigue
existiento mineral
para extraer?
NO
Sí
NO
¿Se
descubrió
más zonas con
mineral?
SI
NO
INICAR EL
PLAN DE
CIERRE
Iniciar
extración del
mineral
Proceso de
planta
concentradora
FIN
Seleccionar la flota para
extracción y equipos
necesarios
A
A