03 paradigmatic

080502 from determinism to quantum architecture
Paradig_matic.

0a.00
00.00
01.00
02.00
03.00
04.00
05.00
0_.00
A1.01
A2.01
A3.01
Introduction
Rationale and Aim 0a.01
Methodology 0a.02
Main Achievements and Future Developments 0a.03
Datum
Reduction
Abstraction
Extraction
Computation
Actualization
Unification
Appendice 1: Collection of Quotes. Text 1
Appendice 2: Site Descriptions. Text 2
Bibliography
introduction
0a
Paradig_matic.
0a.00 Table of Contents

introduction
0a
Paradig_matic.
0a.01 Rationale & Aim
“I think to use the computer for proccessing as the word CPU indicates
is the right use of the computer, and not to make images, because
rendered images belong and refer to the former analog world of
picture making, when architecture still was a matter of making
deteerministic, rigid pictures, whereas nowadays,[...] we are dealing
with computer processed architecture.”
M. Plottegg
This work moves from the assumption that architectural design
as a discipline has been so far based on a deterministic and causal
approach, according to which the acts of the designer determine by
direct and immediate causality the architectural object.
The aim of this project is thus to investigate a methodology that
could accomodate a non deterministic, a-causal approach to design,
and at the same time allow the author to increase his knowledge of
mental schemes involved in architectural design as manifestation of the
self.

introduction
0a
Paradig_matic.
0a.02 Methodology
“The notion of process and existence presuppose each other. Process
and individuality require each other, in separation all meaning
evaporates”
A. N. Whitehead
Two texts are used. The first is a sequence of quotations from
other texts downloaded from the internet, printed, transcribed and
retyped on the computer. The selection of this quotes is dominated by
unconscious intentionality, as the author freely connects sources to
search the internet. Once a source is found relevant parts are taken off
the context and processed.
The second text follows the same logic of the first one in terms
of derivation rules (sequence of reductions and abstractions) but has
the peculiarity of originating from the given site. The site has been
reduced by pictures. The author by framing specific views intentionally
reduces the site. Only few images are selected for translation into text.
This translation happens through description or connections triggered
by the images.
Both texts are formatted with no punctuation and spaces are
substitued with dots. Texts are represented as if they were continuous
streams of symbolic data.
The two texts will be here on identified as quantitative and
qualitative respectively. In fact the texts undergo a sequence of operation
which differentiate them in terms of their procedural meaning.
The output of this sequence has produced a set of elements
and a set of constraints. the unification of these two aspects defines a
structure and its behavior, in a word: it defines its meaning.
1
1.
Please refer to the
appendices at the end of
this paper for the complete
texts

The further investigation of this approach could allow to build
a series of projects which could then be compared.
This would enable the author to further elaborate not only on
the process within a single project, but also on processes belonging to
different projects. Such an analysis would allow to study mental behavioral
patterns.
1. The exploration of possible implementations of a non deterministic
approach and the possibility of practical application of such principles
in the design process.
2. The constitution of a basic organization of the work for mapping
and defineing mental operations and decision making involved in the
design process.
3. Interaction and integration of a project’s aim with the effort to
understand its relationship with the author’s mental schemes.
introduction
0a
Paradig_matic.
0a.03 Main Achievements
Future Developments

datum
00
Paradig_matic.
00.00 Datum
“Now to the matter of content. french Philosophy declared there is
no such thing as content, tehre is only language. I sort of buy that,
but only with small sums of money. but I have no trouble spending
currency on believing language can be the subject.”
Peter Greenaway
The two texts, as they appear in this section, went through a
first process of reduction:
1. Quantitative Text: from the content of the entire internet, to certain
documents, to certain parts of these documents, to a smaller set of
quotations.
2. Qualitative Text: from a larger context, to the area included from
125th St. and 135th St. along 12th Ave., to only certain framed view,
to a smaller set of pictures.
These two texts are taken as datum, thus the two streams of
symbols constitute the basic material the project will work on.

1 - 28
29 - 56
57 - 84
85 - 112
113 - 140
141 - 168
169 - 196
197 - 224
225 - 252
253 - 280
281 - 308
309 - 336
337 - 364
365 - 392
393 - 420
421 - 448
449 - 476
477 - 504
505 - 532
533 - 560
561 - 588
589 - 616
617 - 644
645 - 672
673 - 700
701 - 728
729 - 756
757 - 784
T H E . F I R S T . P O I N T . T O . M A K E . I S . T
H E . T R A N S I T I O N . F R O M . A C C I D E N T .
T O W A R D S . N E C E S S I T Y . A S . W E . P A S S
. F R O M . T H E . S M A L L E R . T O . T H E . L A R
G E R . U N I T S . O F . C O M P O S I T I O N . T H E
R E . I S . A . L A R G E . E L E M E N T . O F . A C C
I D E N T . I N . A . S I N G L E . S E N T E N C E . O
F . A . L E C T U R E . T H E . L E C T U R E . A S . A
. W H O L E . R E F L E C T S . W I T H . S O M E . N E
C E S S I T Y . T H E . C H A R A C T E R . O F . T H E
. L E C T U R E R . A S . H E . C O M P O S E S . I T .
I F . W E . I N S I S T . O N . C O N S T R U I N G . T
H E . N E W . E P O C H . I N . T E R M S . O F . T H E
. F O R M S . O F . O R D E R . I N . I T S . P R E D E
C E S S O R . W E . S E E . M E R E . C O N F U S I O N
. W E . M U S T . F I R S T . E X A M I N E . T H E . N
O T I O N . O F . P R O C E S S . T H E . C O M P R E H
E N S I O N . O F . T H I S . N O T I O N . R E Q U I R
E S . A N . A N A L Y S I S . O F . T H E . I N T E R W
E A V I N G . O F . D A T A . F O R M . T R A N S I T I
O N . A N D . I S S U E . A L L . A C T U A L I T Y . I
N V O L V E S . T H E . R E A L I Z A T I O N . O F . F
O R M . D E R I V E D . F R O M . F A C T U A L . D A T
A . I T . I S . B O T H . A . C O M P O S I T I O N . O
F . Q U A L I T I E S . A N D . I T . I S . A L S O . A
. F O R M . O F . C O M P O S I T I O N . T H E . F O R
M . O F . C O M P O S I T I O N . D I C T A T E S . H O
W . T H E S E . F O R M S . A S . T H U S . R E A L I Z
datum
00
Paradig_matic.
00.01 Quantitative TEXT
character sequence from 1 to 784

T H E . S I T E . I S . C H A R A C T E R I Z E D . B Y
. T H E . L A Y E R I N G . O F . D I F F E R E N T . T
R A N S P O R T A T I O N . S Y S T E M S . D U E . T O
. I T S . S P E C I F I C . T O P O G R A P H I C A L .
C O N D I T I O N S . A . V I A D U C T . C U T S . T H
R O U G H . T H E . S I T E . A N D . C O N N E C T S .
T H E . T W O . E D G E S . O F . T H E . D E P R E S S
I O N . T H E . L A M P P O S T S . B U I L D . A . L O
G I C A L . C O N N E C T I O N . A M O N G . T H E . D
I F F E R E N T . S C A L E S . A N D . G R O U N D . L
E V E L S . A N . E L E M E N T . O F . U N I F I C A T
I O N . A M I D S T . G R E A T . D I V E R S I T Y . T
H E . B U I L D I N G S . I N . T H E . B A C K G R O U
N D . O V E R W H E L M . T H E . S M A L L . B U I L D
I N G S . O N . T H E . O P P O S I T E . S I D E . O F
. T H E . B R I D G E . I T . A L M O S T . S E E M S .
L I K E . I T S . P R E S E N C E . P R E V E N T S . T
H E S E . B U I L D I N G S . F R O M . G R O W I N G .
T A L L E R . T R A F F I C . F L O W S . B E H A V E .
I N . A . S T R A N G E . W A Y . U N D E R . T H E . B
R I D G E . T H E R E . I S . V I R T U A L L Y . N O .
T R A F F I C . A T . A L L . T H E . D I F F E R E N T
. D I R E C T I O N S . A N D . L E V E L S . A T . W H
I C H . T R A F F I C . M O V E S . L E A V E . B L A N
K . S P A C E S . F I L L E D . W I T H . B U I L D I N
G S . A N D . A C T I V I T I E S . I . H E A R D . M U
S I C . C O M I N G . F R O M . T H E . C O T T O N . C
L U B . A S . I . M O V E D . C L O S E R . T O . T H E
1 - 28
29 - 56
57 - 84
85 - 112
113 - 140
141 - 168
169 - 196
197 - 224
225 - 252
253 - 280
281 - 308
309 - 336
337 - 364
365 - 392
393 - 420
421 - 448
449 - 476
477 - 504
505 - 532
533 - 560
561 - 588
589 - 616
617 - 644
645 - 672
673 - 700
701 - 728
729 - 756
757 - 784
datum
00
Paradig_matic.
00.01 Qualitative TEXT

Only a finite subset within a set of data is taken into consideration.
Its purpose is to frame data into boundaries as condition for knowledge.
The framing is intentional and deliberate, not random.
The reduction from the texts in section 00 to their configuration
in this section characterizes them as quantitative and qualitative. If
reduction creates the base for knowledge it characterizes the kind of
knowledge derivable from its results.
All the adjectives and adverbs are taken away from the first text
and substituted by dots which symbolize voids. only nouns and verbs
are left, thus making the text quantitative.
All the nouns and verbs are taken off the second text instead,
making it qualitative.
Articles, prepositions and conjunctions are taken off both texts.
reduction
01
Paradig_matic.
01.00 Reduction

. . . . . . . . . . P O I N T . . . . M A K E . . . . .
. . . T R A N S I T I O N . . . . . . A C C I D E N T .
. . . . . . . . N E C E S S I T Y . . . . . . . P A S S
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . U N I T S . . . . C O M P O S I T I O N . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . E L E M E N T . . . . A C C
I D E N T . . . . . . . . . . . . . S E N T E N C E . .
. . . . L E C T U R E . . . . . L E C T U R E . . . . .
. . . . . . . R E F L E C T S . . . . . . . . . . . N E
C E S S I T Y . . . . . C H A R A C T E R . . . . . . .
. L E C T U R E R . . . . . . . C O M P O S E S . . . .
. . . . . . I N S I S T . . . . C O N S T R U I N G . .
. . . . . . . E P O C H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. F O R M S . . . . O R D E R . . . . . . . . P R E D E
C E S S O R . . . . S E E . . . . . . C O N F U S I O N
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E X A M I N E . . . . . N
O T I O N . . . . P R O C E S S . . . . . C O M P R E H
E N S I O N . . . . . . . . . N O T I O N . R E Q U I R
E S . . . . A N A L Y S I S . . . . . . . . I N T E R W
E A V I N G . . . . D A T A . F O R M . T R A N S I T I
O N . . . . . I S S U E . . . . . A C T U A L I T Y . I
N V O L V E S . . . . . R E A L I Z A T I O N . . . . F
O R M . D E R I V E D . . . . . . F A C T U A L . D A T
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C O M P O S I T I O N . .
. . Q U A L I T I E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. F O R M . . . . C O M P O S I T I O N . . . . . F O R
M . . . . C O M P O S I T I O N . D I C T A T E S . . .
. . . . . . . . F O R M S . . . . . . . . . R E A L I Z
1 - 28
29 - 56
57 - 84
85 - 112
113 - 140
141 - 168
169 - 196
197 - 224
225 - 252
253 - 280
281 - 308
309 - 336
337 - 364
365 - 392
393 - 420
421 - 448
449 - 476
477 - 504
505 - 532
533 - 560
561 - 588
589 - 616
617 - 644
645 - 672
673 - 700
701 - 728
729 - 756
757 - 784
reduction
01
Paradig_matic.

. . . . . . . . . . . . C H A R A C T E R I Z E D . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D I F F E R E N T . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . S P E C I F I C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L O
G I C A L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D
I F F E R E N T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . G R E A T . D I V E R S I T Y . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S M A L L . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . O P P O S I T E . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T A L L E R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . S T R A N G E . . . . . U N D E R . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V I R T U A L L Y . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D I F F E R E N T
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B L A N
K . . . . . . . . F I L L E D . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C L O S E R . . . . . . .
1 - 28
29 - 56
57 - 84
85 - 112
113 - 140
141 - 168
169 - 196
197 - 224
225 - 252
253 - 280
281 - 308
309 - 336
337 - 364
365 - 392
393 - 420
421 - 448
449 - 476
477 - 504
505 - 532
533 - 560
561 - 588
589 - 616
617 - 644
645 - 672
673 - 700
701 - 728
729 - 756
757 - 784
reduction
01
Paradig_matic.

Symbols within a notational system are substituted by different
symbols. An operation that subverts the appearance of a system’s
output so that there is a change in the kind of information it is possible
to derive from it.
In both texts, letters are substituted with colors. this operation
makes it then impossible to “read” the texts conventionally, as the
symbols don’t appear in accordance to the rules that are established
for the interpretation of text.
The new code based on colors (each letter is assigned a different
color) allows to focus on two aspects: the distinction of each element
from the others (isolation), and the reciprocal position of elements within
the sequence(inter-relation).
abstraction
02
Paradig_matic.
02.00 Abstraction

abstraction
02
Paradig_matic.
color sequence from 1 to 784
1 - 28
29 - 56
57 - 84
85 - 112
113 - 140
141 - 168
169 - 196
197 - 224
225 - 252
253 - 280
281 - 308
309 - 336
337 - 364
365 - 392
393 - 420
421 - 448
449 - 476
477 - 504
505 - 532
533 - 560
561 - 588
589 - 616
617 - 644
645 - 672
673 - 700
701 - 728
729 - 756
757 - 784

The analysis of a stream of data according to the possibilities
of interpretation allowed by the notational system used for displaying
the data. Such an analysis investigates the emergence of constitutive
rules within an output.
_the two texts are analyzed statistically. information about single element
recurrence as well as recurrence of all the couples of elements within
the stream of symbolic data is derived.
_information on quadratic combination of symbols provides probabilistic
rules for each combination that takes place within the stream.
extraction
03
Paradig_matic.
03.00 Extraction

extraction
03
Paradig_matic.
statistical analysis. element recurrence
.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
TOTAL
8993
714
139
576
375
1378
146
274
165
993
12
69
440
320
833
706
330
22
736
858
785
327
144
70
44
131
14
19600
45.9
3.6
0.7
2.9
1.9
7.0
0.7
1.4
0.8
5.1
0.1
0.4
2.2
1.6
4.3
3.6
1.7
0.1
3.8
4.4
4.0
1.7
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.1
100.00%

extraction
03
Paradig_matic.
statistical analysis. element recurrence
.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
TOTAL
3940
58
8
37
34
96
22
12
9
79
0
2
65
11
49
33
15
0
64
52
55
20
18
4
2
17
2
4704
83.76
1.23
0.17
0.79
0.72
2.04
0.47
0.26
0.19
1.68
0
0.04
1.38
0.23
1.04
0.7
0.32
0
1.36
1.11
1.17
0.43
0.38
0.09
0.04
0.36
0.04
100.00%

computation
04
Paradig_matic.
04.00 Computation
“Computer science is not really about computers at all, but about
ways to describe processes. Soon after that we recognized that this
was also what we would need to describe processes that might be
involved in human thinking, reasoning, memory and pattern recognition”
M. Minsky
Computation is the representation of all possible outputs based
on the same constitutive rules in the form of an algorithm.
The constitutive rules derived by extraction in section 02 are
used as base for a probabilistic algorithm.
The first element is picked randomly by the algorithm and then,
based on probabilistic rules for coupling the symbols, the others follow
to form a sequence.
The sequences were the same length as the texts they were
derived from (19600 quantitative symbols, 4704 qualitative symbols).

computation
04
Paradig_matic.
program lines from 1 to 28
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2
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program quantitative (input,fdata);
var
i,h,counter:integer;
t,u,v:char;
fdata : text;
elements:string;
begin
randomize;
elements:='elements.txt';
counter:=0;
assign(fdata,elements);
rewrite( fdata);
i:=random(10000)+1;
if ((i>=0000)and (i<=4590)) then t:='.';
if ((i>=4591)and (i<=5293)) then t:='E';
if ((i>=5294)and (i<=5800)) then t:='I';
if ((i>=5801)and (i<=6238)) then t:='S';
if ((i>=6239)and (i<=6663)) then t:='N';
if ((i>=6664)and (i<=7064)) then t:='T';
if ((i>=7065)and (i<=7440)) then t:='R';
if ((i>=7441)and (i<=7804)) then t:='A';
if ((i>=7805)and (i<=8164)) then t:='O';
if ((i>=8165)and (i<=8458)) then t:='C';
if ((i>=8459)and (i<=8683)) then t:='L';
if ((i>=8684)and (i<=8874)) then t:='D';
if ((i>=8875)and (i<=9042)) then t:='P';

computation
04
Paradig_matic.
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
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572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
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587
588
if u='.' then
begin
write( fdata,u);
v:=t;
t:=u;
counter:=counter+1;
end
else
begin
if (((t=v) and (u=v)) or (u=v)) then
begin
t:=t
end
else
begin
write( fdata,u);
v:=t;
t:=u;
counter:=counter+1;
end
end;
until counter=1568;
close (fdata)
end.

computation
04
Paradig_matic.
program qualitative (input,fdata);
var
i,h,counter:integer;
t,u,v:char;
fdata : text;
constraints:string;
begin
randomize;
constraints:='constraints.txt';
counter:=0;
assign(fdata,constraints);
rewrite( fdata);
i:=random(10026)+1;
if ((i>=0) and (i<=8376)) then t:='.';
if ((i>=8377) and (i<=8500)) then t:='A';
if ((i>=8501) and (i<=8518)) then t:='B';
if ((i>=8519) and (i<=8598)) then t:='C';
if ((i>=8599) and (i<=8671)) then t:='D';
if ((i>=8672) and (i<=8876)) then t:='E';
if ((i>=8877) and (i<=8924)) then t:='F';
if ((i>=8925) and (i<=8951)) then t:='G';
if ((i>=8952) and (i<=8971)) then t:='H';
if ((i>=8972) and (i<=9140)) then t:='I';
if ((i>=9142) and (i<=9146)) then t:='K';
if ((i>=9147) and (i<=9285)) then t:='L';
if ((i>=9286) and (i<=9309)) then t:='M';
1
2
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if u='.' then
begin
write( fdata,u);
v:=t;
t:=u;
counter:=counter+1;
end
else
begin
if (((t=v) and (u=v)) or (u=v)) then
begin
t:=t
end
else
begin
write( fdata,u);
v:=t;
t:=u;
counter:=counter+1;
end
end;
until counter=4704;
close (fdata)
end.
computation
04
Paradig_matic.
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400

actualization
05
Paradig_matic.
05.00 Actualization
“All actuality involves the realization of form derived from factual data.
It is both a composition of qualities and it is also a form of composition.
The form of composition dictates how these forms, as thus realized
in the data, enter into a finite process of composition, thus achieving
new actuality with its own exemplifications and discards”
A. N. Whitehead
The passage from the realm of possibilities to the realm of
actualities, to the realm, that is, of fully determinate particulars.
The quantitative algorithm produces a sequence of elements,
which conforms to its enunciative character, thus actualizing the
possibilities allowed by section 04.
The qualitative algorithm produces a sequence of constraints
that would regulate the connection among the elements established by
the quantitative algorithm.
The decision to assign a specific function to the algorithms and
thus to their output is both intentional as well as emergent as a necessity
by previously established decisions.

1 - 9
10 - 18
19 - 27
28 - 36
37 - 45
46 - 54
55 - 63
64 - 72
73 - 81
82 - 90
91 - 99
100 - 108
109 - 117
118 - 126
127 - 135
136 - 144
145 - 153
154 - 162
163 - 171
172 - 180
181 - 189
190 - 198
199 - 207
208 - 216
217 - 225
226 - 234
235 - 243
244 - 252
actualization
05
Paradig_matic.
05.01 Quantitative Sequence
elements sequence 1 to 252

actualization
05
Paradig_matic.
05.01 Qualitative Sequence
constraints sequence 1 to 252
1 - 9
10 - 18
19 - 27
28 - 36
37 - 45
46 - 54
55 - 63
64 - 72
73 - 81
82 - 90
91 - 99
100 - 108
109 - 117
118 - 126
127 - 135
136 - 144
145 - 153
154 - 162
163 - 171
172 - 180
181 - 189
190 - 198
199 - 207
208 - 216
217 - 225
226 - 234
235 - 243
244 - 252

unification
0_
Paradig_matic.
0_.00 Unification
“The job of all existence is the creation of new unities: the many
become one and are increased by one.”
A. N. Whitehead
The creative act of producing unity, the fusion of actualized data
with non-actualized potentialities, expressed by behavior.
This action includes all the previous one thus it is unnumbered.
The unification of elements and constraints produces a structure
characterized by original behavior.
Meaning is preserved from the initial texts in terms of behavioral
possibilities.

Data from the quantitative text was used to inform the length of the elements
in the structure, while the qualitative text information was used to set the movement
constraints for the joints. The combined action of these elements provided the structure
with a specific spatial behaviour that was studied through inverse kinematics in Maxon
Cinema 4D.
unification
0_
paradig_ matic
Unification0_.01
the various joint types developed based on the
qualitative text.

unification
0_
paradig_ matic
Unification0_.02
Inverse kinematics model in Maxon Cinema 4D

01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
“The first point to make is the transition from accident towards necessity
as we pass from the smaller to the larger units of composition”
“There is a large element of accident in a single sentence of a lecture,
the lecture as a whole reflects with some necessity the character of the
lecturer as he composes it”
“If we insist on construing the new epoch in terms of the forms of order
in its predecessor we see mere confusion, we must first examine the
notion of process. The comprehension of this notion requires an analysis
of the interweaving of data form, transition and issue”
“All actuality involves the realization of form derived from factual data.
It is both a composition of qualities and it is also a form of composition.
The form of composition dictates how these forms, as thus realized in
the data, enter into a finite process of composition, thus achieving new
actuality with its own exemplifications and discards”
“There is a form of process dealing with a complex form of data and
issuing into a novel completion of actuality, but no actuality is a static
fact”
“The completed fact is only to be understood as taking its place among
the active data forming the future”
“The nature of any type of existence can only be explained by reference
to its implication in creative activity, essentially involving three factors:
data, process, issue. With its form relevant to this data and issue into
datum for further process: data, process, issue”
“The notion of a supreme being must apply to an actuality not confined
to the data of any special epoch. In the historic field its actuality is founded
on the finitude of its conceptual appetition and its form of process is
derived from the fusion of its appetition with the data received from the
world process”
“Potentiality of matter of fact, potentialities entertained by reason of some
closeness of relevance to such realization: these potentialities entertained
in respect to their close relevance are the agents dictating the form of
composition which produces the issue. This dictation of a form of
composition involves the birth of an energetic determination, whereby
the data are subject to preservation and discard, the vividness of life lies
1.
For sources please refer to the
bibliography.
This text is part of the
project as well as about the
project.
Through the assemblage of
these quotes
a new meaning is formed,
thus this text is very precious
for understanding
the general attitude
of this project.
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.
A1.01 List of Quotes. Text 1

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
in the transition with its forms aiming at the issue. Actuality in its essence
is aim at self formation”
“Existence cannot be abstracted from process”
“The development of civilized thought can be described as the discovery
of identities amid diversity. The whole understanding of the world consists
in the analysis of process in terms of the identities and diversities of the
individual involved. The peculiarities of the individuals are reflected in
the peculiarities of the common process which is their interconnection”
“Assemblage vs systematization”
“Multiplicity”
“Rather than cultivating thought patterns that seek to categorize and
isolate phenomena into compartments, creative thinkers prefer shifting
and overlapping ideas and information into flexible relationships.
Concentrating on hidden connections might enable a weaver to arrive to
unexpected combinations”
“There need to be no mistakes in weaving only possibilities”
“Some people cultivate and encourage associative thinking by tuning into
it, or provoking it”
“An awareness of thought processes and problem solving strategies is
the most important lesson students can learn. The rules of weaving are
no less rigorous than the rules of language”
“We must weave from the bottom up”
“More than any other process weaving requires a commitment to planning,
repetition and geometry”
“In creating a work of art he creates a world and thus changes it and in
creating himself he thereby becomes a different person this apparent
paradox is solved at the end of the film at a self referential meta level,
just as in the theater version, prospero addresses the audience directly
and reveals himself as a character of fiction who has however, by this
very action, transcended the barriers between fiction and reality thus
challenging the viewer to rethink his own role with regard to reality and
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.
A1.02 List of Quotes

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
to the self”
“Writing is the conditio sine qua non for the existence of this world and
the audience is constantly reminded of the fact that the production of a
literary work is taking place, thus the books have a dual role as the
instrument of isolation and of interaction, of total unrelatedness and, at
the same time, of connectedness. What they fail to contain is a description
of his own self, of his inner being and most importantly of his ideas and
feelings, or in other words of everything which goes to make up his inner
world and which would then enable him to imagine another from reality”
“The book of mirrors forms the bridge between the two spheres. The
books and the mirrors the external world and the inner world because all
possible kinds of mirrors are contained in this book. This is the book
Prospero opens at the beginning whilst continuing to write. The page he
opens reflects his own image in the foreground, but the background is
not as expected, but instead there is a picture arising from his imagination
and then reflected in the background consisting of the group of shipwrecked
people”
“The mirror images thus enable him to carry out thought experiments
and to control the results at the same time allowing for self observation”
“The film shows the process of artistic creation and is at the same time
an example of this process”
“Now to the matter of content. French philosophy has declared there is
no such thing as content, there is only language. I sort of buy that, but
only with small sums of money. But I have no trouble spending currency
on believing language can be the subject”
“Mix the colors by numbers alone and not by the eye”
“I profess an interest in the edge: build the edge, accentuate the edge,
increase and decrease the edges significance”
“I am interested in presentation of the representation before the presentation
of the real thing. Like making the sequence of ideograms, to hieroglyphs,
to letters”
“Writing, as a factor in human experience, is comparable to the steam
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
engine: it is important, modern and artificial”
“The notion of process and existence presuppose each other. Process
and individuality require each other, in separation all meaning evaporates”
“The form of process derives its character from the individuals involved
and the character of the individuals involved can only be understood in
terms of the process in which they are implicated”
“The sense of externality is based on the primary self analysis of the
process of composition”
“The cellular automaton extends this analogy to provide a way of viewing
whole populations of interacting cells each of which is itself an automaton”
“Now we are talking about a mode in which the computer is working with
its artificial intelligence based on the new system theories, like fractal
geometry, chaos theory, fuzzy logic, and so on. That is quite different
from the others, from the ancient methods of architecture, which have
been more or less analogue methods”
“I think to use the computer for processing, as the word CPU indicates,
is the right use of the computer, and not to make images, because
rendered images belong and refer to the former analogue world of picture
making, when architecture still was a matter of making deterministic, rigid
pictures, whereas nowadays, in the days of processing, we are dealing
with computer processed architecture, which is not anymore the world
of pictures”
“The most important design methods are to control processes, to simulate
processes and to stimulate processes”
“The custom of borrowing systems of organization from outside the
musical realm has been firmly established in compositional practice”
“All computer music systems, both explicitly and implicitly, embody a
model of the musical process that may be inferred from the program and
data structure of the system, and from the behavior of users working with
the system. The inference of this model is independent of whether the
system designer claim that the system reflects such a model or is simply
a tool”
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
“The problem may be mathematical or non mathematical in nature, simple
or complex, the basic requirements for a well posed problem are that
known information is clearly specified, we can determine when the problem
has been solved, the problem does not change during its attempted
solution. Given both the problem and the device an algorithm is the
precise characterization of a method of solving the problem presented
in a language comprehensible to the device”
“Linguistics is an attempt to identify how language functions, what are
the components, how do the components function as a single unit and
how do the components function as single entities, within the context of
the larger units”
“Linguistic theory models this unconscious knowledge of speech by a
formal system of principles or rules called a grammar, which describes
or generates the possible sentences of the language. This approach uses
some technique to generate raw materials as a compositional base, then
applies various techniques, such as permutation and geometric
transformations, to further manipulate the generated material and then
applies selection rules to choose suitable material to become composition.
This approach was recently used in organizing various works into a library
of compositional formalisms. This approach, that of building small well
defined pieces and assembling them together, is well suited to automated
composition. By building small parts with well defined behavior and linking
them together we can create a great variety of methods and compositional
output”
“Obviously, constant behavior will produce no interesting musical results”
“Oscillatory behavior has the possibility of producing interesting repetitions
if the period is large enough. It is the last behavior that holds the most
musical interest”
“Whitehead pointed out the essential incoherence of belief in a lifeless
universe. He proposed momentarily developing experiences as the basis
of all reality”
“Occasions of experience are the basic building blocks of reality. Life is
that in which there is aim, relatively free choosing of possibilities, creative
activity transforming potentiality into actuality and enjoyment of the process
of creating a new unity out of the combined many coming to an occasion
from the past which is composed of a multitude of earlier choices”
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
“Lifeless things are abstractions from collections of momentarily, subjectively
aware, creative, living units, occasions of experience”
“The creative process is the taking, prehending, feeling, including,
absorbing of the many units of the past and blending their influence with
also prehended, divinely given, possibilities, thus producing unique new
creations”
“The job of all existence is the creation of new unities: the many become
one and are increased by one”
“In their natures, entities are disjunctively many in process of passage
into conjunctive unity. Unity is an ongoing process of unifying, not a static
state of a changeless one”
“Living in the moment is required by serial selfhood”
“Any notational system must have a proofer and a verifier”
“Science is an essentially anarchistic enterprise: theoretical anarchism
is more humanitarian and more likely to encourage progress than its law
and order alternatives”
“Basic beliefs are protected by the taboo reaction, as well as by secondary
elaborations, as we have seen, and whatever fails to fit into the established
category system, or it is said to be incompatible with this system, is either
viewed as something quite horrifying or more frequently it is simply
declared to be nonexistent”
“By and large those who have explored responsibly have confirmed the
many beneficial possibilities exposed in the earlier scientific studies.
These include uncovering repressed material, described by Carl Jung,
as the shadow, the discovery of which frees the individual from unconscious
drives which distort life processes, thereby permitting deeper self
understanding. It also permits discovering ones authentic self, a self of
enormous potential and wisdom which is rooted in the divine”
“In the brain, as in any other open physical system, noise is inevitable”
“Symbolic logic is the modern form of logic developed in the last hundred
years. This book present a system of symbolic logic together with
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
illustrations of its use. Such a system is not a theory, a system of assertions
about objects, but a language, a system of signs and of rules for their
use. We will so construct this symbolic language that into it can be
translated the sentences of any given theory about any object whatsoever,
provided only that some signs of the language have received determinate
interpretations such that the signs serve to designate the basic concepts
of the theory in question. So long as we remain in the domain of pure
logic, the signs of our language remain uninterpreted. Strictly speaking
what we construct is not a language but a schema or a skeleton of a
language, conceived as instrument of communication by interpretation
of certain signs”
“Years ago, when science still feared meaning, the new field of research
called artificial intelligence started to supply new ideas about representation
of knowledge that I will use here. Are such ideas too alien for anything
so subjective and irrational and aesthetic and emotional as music? Not
at all. I think the problems are the same, and those distinctions wrongly
drawn only the surface of reason is rational. I do not mean that
understanding emotion is easy, only that understanding reason is probably
harder”
“The trouble with the search for universal laws of thought is that memory
and thinking interact and grow together: we do not just learn about things,
we learn ways to think about things, then we can learn about thinking
about thinking itself. Before long our ways of thinking become so
complicated that we cannot expect to understand their details in terms
of their surface operations, but we might understand what guides their
growth”
“This in turn means we must see that music theory is not only about
music but about how people process it. To understand any art we must
look below its surface into the psychological detail of its creation and
absorption”
“If explaining minds seems harder than explaining songs, we should
remember that enlarging the problems sometimes makes them simpler”
“One thing the fifth symphony taught us is how to hear those first four
notes. A thing has meaning only after we have learned some ways to
represent and process what it means, or to understand its parts and how
they are put together”
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
“I will propose a scheme in which a sudden searching change awakes
a lot of difference finders, this very change wakes yet more difference
finders and this awakening wakes still more. That is how sudden silence
makes the whole mind come alive”
“Meaning is so much more than sentence structure”
“We can not expect to be able to describe the anatomy of the mind unless
we understand its embryology and so, as with most any other complicated
matter, science must start with surface systems of description, but this
surface taxonomy, however elegant and comprehensive in itself, must
yield in the end to a deeper causal explanation”
“To understand how memory and process merge in listening, we will
have to learn to use much more procedural descriptions such as programs
that describe how processes proceed”
“Yet things that come from complicated processes do not necessarily
show their nature on the surface. To speak of what such things might
mean or represent we have to speak of how they are made”
“We can not describe how the mind is made without having good ways
to describe complicated processes. Before computers no languages were
good for that”
“I prefer ideas from artificial intelligence research because there we tend
to seek procedural descriptions”
“First, which seems more appropriate for mental matters, I do not see
why so many theorists find this approach disturbing. It is true that the
new power derived from this approach has a price: we can say more, but
prove less with computational description, yet less is lost than many think,
for mathematics never could prove much about such complicated things”
“Computer science is not really about computers at all, but about ways
to describe processes. Soon after that we recognized that this was also
what we would need to describe the processes that might be involved
in human thinking, reasoning, memory and pattern recognition
“This in turn leads us to regard these as though they were things with no
structure to analyze. I think this is what leads so many of us to the dogma
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
of dualism, the idea that subjective matters lie in a realm that experimental
science can never reach”
“Rules”
“I want to clarify a distinction between two different sorts of rules, which
i shall call regulative and constitutive rules. I am fairly confident about
the distinction but do not find it easy to clarify. As a start we might say
that regulative rules regulate, antecedently or independently, existing
forms of behavior, but constitutive rules do not merely regulate, they
create or define new forms of behavior”
“The creation of constitutive rules, as it were, creates the possibility of
new forms of behavior. There is a trivial sense in which the creation of
any rule creates the possibility of new forms of behavior, namely behavior
done as in accordance with the rule. That is not the sense in which my
remark is intended. Where the rule is purely regulative behavior which
is in accordance with the rule could be given the same description or
specification whether or not the rule existed, provided the description or
specification makes no explicit reference to the rule, but were the rule,
or system of rules, is constitutive behavior which is in accordance with
the rule can receive specifications or descriptions which it could not
receive if the rule, or rules, did not exist”
“A book filled with points mysteriously connected with arrows, like cubist
paintings, with their quixotic surfaces and angles meeting, disperising,
fanning and fading into the background, edging polygons and polyhedra
with currents of meaning. The points and arrows in my yet to be written
book hinted at spontaneous order”
“One small dark cloud remains unchallenged and unsolved on the horizon
of human understanding: the subjective nature of the conscious mind”
“One key to unravelling this paradox lies in our understanding of the
principles of operation of the human brain. In this context there has been
a growing interest in both quantum mechanical ideas and chaos as
possible answers”
“Non linear systems, including simple quadratic and piecewise linear
functions, generate chaos in their dynamics under suitable conditions”
“Quantum calculations then become descriptions of a bifurcating universal
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

79.
80.
wave function. There is then no collapse of the wave function and no
principle of choice, although our experience depends on unique histories,
which are the consequence of choices. To fully understand the nature
of the conscious mind we may require a deeper theory of the quantum
world which unravels the principle of choice”
“In the transactional interpretation wave function collapse corresponds
to a collapse of a transaction between all potential emitters and absorbers
to a single transaction between the emitter and the selected absorber.
Although this hand shaking interaction looks random to the observer, it
might really be a complex system interaction manifesting the principle of
choice the initial condition are insufficient to determine the quantum
outcomes”
“Consciousness offering a quantum plenum of superposed possibilities”
QUOTES
A1
Paradig_matic.

The site is characterized by the layering of different transportation
systems due to the specific topographical conditions. The viaduct cuts
through the site and connects the two edges of the depression. The
lampposts build a connection among the different scales and ground
levels: an element of unification amidst great diversity. The buildings in
the background overwhelm the small buildings on the opposite side of
the bridge: it almost seems like its presence limits these buildings from
growing taller. Traffic flows behave in a strange way: under the bridge
there is virtually no traffic at all. The different directions and level at which
traffic moves leave blank spaces filled with buildings and activities. I
heard music coming from the Cotton Club as i moved closer to the
backdoor it got louder and louder.
Pictures taken during
visits to the site (125th street
to 135th along
12th ave.) are used
as pre-text to write about the
site. The text sometimes
is descriptive of the
image to which it is associated
sometimes it
follows patterns of
thought triggered by
the images.
site
A2
Paradig_matic.
A2.01 Site Descriptions. Text 2
01.

The strips of infrastructure weave cuts that open bright visions
of the sky. Their curved shape seems to move freely through space, but
implies a system of vertical supports, which on the contrary describe a
linear landscape. Structure is the main actor on this stage: the apotheosis
of the column, in what might even look like an historical excursus on this
theme. The vertical linearity of the columns is necessary to the wavy
system of infrastructure and at the same time it denies it. Structure as
support for communication. The billboard and the classical facade in this
context function in a similar way, in the sense that both of them function
as flat projection planes, onto which symbols are displayed. Their structural
support system is dissimulated and never meant to be seen the exact
opposite of what the viaducts do.
site
A2
Paradig_matic.
02.

The areas of intersection between inclined planes and horizontal
surfaces is delimited by fences which make them inaccessible and protect
objects that inhabit these spaces. They keep in just as much as they
keep out. Gutters, besides structural columns, mark the vertical movement
towards the ground. Ramps interweave and vary in inclination and
direction, though they seem to organize themselves independently, they
actually constrain each other in terms of their relationship to the ground
and also of specific restrictions, like distances and separation between
them. Every system carries along and invisible set of rules that generate
conditions of interaction with other systems.
site
A2
Paradig_matic.
03.

It is hard to understand the hierarchy among systems Probably
because of the evolution of the site through time, some buildings seem
to wrap around the bridge, while some ignore or are ignored by the bridge
and adjacent infrastructure The building becomes ground as the bridge
cuts through it, or maybe structure is simply filling the voids adding ground.
Filled in windows are signs of the changes that took place through time.
Regardless what the cause of such change might be, the building shows
no interest in what goes on around it: the regularity of the former openings
distribution on the facade make it look like a infinite structure that erases
parts of itself as it refuses to come to terms or mediate with exterior
elements. At the same time the bridge carelessly takes control of leftover
space.
site
A2
Paradig_matic.
04.

Thresholds and limits. The bridge establishes a vertical limit to
its surroundings in a nonphysical way. Its influence seems to expand and
cause discontinuities: solid brick walls are sliced through as if they were
blocks of carved stone. Buildings function as support for supports. To
the pure massiveness and tridimensionality of the brick corresponds the
directional flatness of the billboards that take the highest spot, and orient
themselves toward traffic. Interdependability of the sites structures. The
different structures work together and onto each other, causing and being
caused by other elements so that it is nearly impossible to reconstruct
a causal hierarchy. The site has worked as an evolving system in which
different elements have had varying strengths, getting stronger and
weaker.
site
A2
Paradig_matic.
05.

Inscriptions occupy flat surfaces basically wherever possible, or
convenient. Solid walls and various kinds of massive objects host numerous
forms of communication. The lack of openings proves to be a favorable
condition for this behavior to spread. Accessibility is probably a key factor
in the process of selection of spaces for graffiti. Fences and barbed wire
act against writers but also exist in conjunction with this phenomenon.
Legal or conventional signs share their space with illegal spontaneous
markings, while billboard advertising builds its own space and instead of
adapting to existing support conditions it builds new ones optimizing its
orientation in order to directly target cenrtain areas only. They all share
buildings as structural support, as new ground on which communication
can emerge.
site
A2
Paradig_matic.
06.

01.
02.
03.
04.
20011004
LEARNING CELLULAR AUTOMATA
http://divcom.otago.ac.nz/SIRC/GeoComp/GeoComp98/89/gc_89.htm
Learning Cellular Automata: Modelling Urban Modelling Antonio
COLONNA, Vittorio DI STEFANO, Silvana LOMBARDO, Lorenzo PAPINI
and Giovanni A. RABINO
20011005
DESIGN INVESTIGATION 2000: HOMEPAGE
http://www.arbld.unimelb.edu.au/~bdave/ABP/di00/index.shtml
Design positions range in diversity from a black-box model to a highly
prescriptive one, with many other shades of approaches in between. Do
design ideas just happen or do they result from a purposeful, directed
inquiry? To investigate and, hopefully, articulate your own positions, this
design investigation studio will revolve around intersection of ideas from
architectural discourse and computation. The aim is not to privilege one
or another position (including computational approaches) but to develop
reasoned positions as part of the design intellect..
20011005_b
FROM OBJECT TO PROCEDURE
http://baukunst.tu-graz.ac.at/~plottegg/vo990709.htm
Symposium at the Austrian Cultural Institute / London 19990709
Plottegg´s contribution: "From Object to Procedure"
As an architect who is very much working with the computer, using the
computer for designing and planning, I want to present some points of
view concerning recent developments and forthcoming preferences for
our activities. As I do not like military expressions,
I will not talk about strategies: I prefer to talk about algorithms, because
in strategies there is a linear one way subject/object relationship, wheras
algorithms provide involvement into relativity.
20011005_c
LA CASA BINARIA & L'INTERAZIONE
http://baukunst.tu-graz.ac.at/~plottegg/casa_l.htm
Nell' età dell' elettronica credo sia il caso di domandarsi quanto ancora
possano trovare applicazione le teorie architettoniche largamente
retrodatate che pure sono durate sino ad oggi. [...] Una teoria architettonica
Bibliography voices
are listed chronologically and
identified by the date
(YYYY/MM/DD). The
bibliography lists all the
sources which the
qoutes previously presented
were taken from.
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.01 Bibliography

05.
06.
07.
attualizzata potrebbe fare riferimento allo stato di fatto nell'elettronica,
oppure alla matematica, o, ancora, a modelli cibernetici.
20011006
THE CONCEPT OF TYPE IN ARCHITECTURE: INTRODUCTION
http://caad.arch.ethz.ch/~madrazo/phd/introduction/intro.html
A study of the notion of Type in Architecture raises a host of difficulties,
that start with the meaning of the word itself. To give a precise definition
of Type is as difficult as coming up with a definition of Form, a term often
used as synonym of Type. [...] In fact, it would be difficult to find an
intellectual creation, either a scientific theory or a work of art, in which
a notion of Form has not played a central role.
20011007
GAMASUTRA - FEATURES - "THE ARCHITECTURE OF LEVEL
DESIGN" [07.16.01]
http://www.gamasutra.com/resource_guide/20010716/chen_03.htm
In an architecture studio you are asked what the concept for your design
is. They are asking what the big organizing idea or 'parti'/ spatial idea
behind your project is. Organizing ideas and types are often tied to specific
programs like schools or hospitals or structural types like brick arches
or gothic vaults. In games the player isn't going to get a chance to ask
you that question so you better make it clear what you concept or idea
is.
20011010
PROCESS PHILOSOPHY AND THE NEW THOUGHT MOVEMENT
http://websyte.com/alan/process.htm
Process Philosophy and the New Thought Movement
The most outstanding 20th-century development in philosophy--now
recognized as an indispensable resource for New Thought. Process
philosophy, or process theology, or simply process thought, is an outlook
with roots that go as far back as the thought of Heraclitus in the West
and Buddhism in the East, but the most prominent philosopher in
developing its present form was Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947).
Drawing on diverse sources, including quantum physics, he worked out
an awe-inspiring metaphysical system.
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A3.02 Bibliography

08.
09.
10.
20011010_b
PROCESS THOUGHT; PROCESS THEOLOGY; PROCESS
PHILOSOPHY; PROCESS STUDIES;.
http://www.ctr4process.org/
As a resource for scholars and other professionals, the Center for Process
Studies coordinates multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary research on
pressing issues, seeking to avoid the limitations of segregated university
disciplines. The Center contributes to the development of a new cultural
paradigm influenced by a relational worldview. Where other new paradigm
institutes focus on singular issues--like ecology, agriculture, feminism,
race and class, decentralized political economic theory, or appropriate
technology--a typical process focus would be to integrate these issues
through a non-dualistic relational worldview applicable to a wide range
of problems.
20011021
G-FORCE DOCUMENTATION
http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,42870,00.html
There's 5 main elements that affect what you see in the G-Force window,
and they correspond to each of the configs folders: Waveshapes,
DeltaFields, ColorMaps, Particles, and Scripts. WaveShapes
A waveshape is something that turns a short sound clip into lines and
dots to be drawn (ie, something graphical). DeltaFields Next, imagine a
chalk drawing on a chalkboard. Someone hands you a big list, and it's
a list of commands that all resemble, "find the point (a, b) on the chalkboard,
erase what's there, and in its place draw what you have drawn at point
(c, d)." If you follow every command on the list in order, you're left with
a different picture on your chalkboard than when you started. In effect,
you've transformed your initial image into a new one.
20011021_b
THE NATION. UNCONVENTIONAL WISDOM SINCE 1865.
http://past.thenation.com/cgi-
bin/framizer.cgi?url=http://past.thenation.com/issue/000131/0131merrifi
eld.shtml
Benjamin & the City of Light
by ANDY MERRIFIELD
In September 1940, with a weak heart and even frailer nerves, Walter
Benjamin carried on an old smugglers' path in the French Pyrenean
bibliography
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A3.03 Bibliography

11.
12.
13.
foothills a big black briefcase stuffed with a manuscript that must have
felt as if it weighed a ton. He'd walk the rolling mountain trail near the
Spanish border, amid the vine stalks of Banyuls, for ten minutes, stop,
rest a minute, then proceed at the same pace, edging toward freedom,
dragging the black monster with the sun beating down. Lisa Fittko,
Benjamin's trusty guide, together with their companions fleeing the Nazis,
took turns carrying the bag, which rarely left Benjamin's gaze. It was
more valuable to him than anything else, Fittko said, even his own life.
20011022
DECONSTRUCTION
http://www.slider.com/enc/15000/deconstruction.htm
deconstruction in linguistics, philosophy, and literary theory, also referred
to as post-structuralism. The term "deconstruction"; was invented by
French philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1960s to describe his project
to expose and undermine the metaphysical assumptions involved in all
positive, systematic attempts to ground knowledge, especially in academic
disciplines such as structuralism.
20011022_b
GERALD PENN / RESEARCH INTERESTS
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gpenn/research.html
Typed Feature Logic, Grammar Development, Category Theory
Parsing and Generation Algorithms, Indexing
Substructural Logics, Parsing with Lambek Categorial Grammars
Finite-State Transducers, Compilation Methods, Default Reasoning
ALE, Constraint Logic Programming
Pronunciation Modelling, Text-to-Speech Synthesis
Text Summarisation
20011028_a
THINKING ABOUT THOUGHT: CONSCIOUSNESS, LIFE AND MEANING
http://www.thymos.com/tat/neural.html
Connectionism and Neural Machines
(Hebb, McCulloch, Pitts, Selfridge, Rosenblatt, Widrow, Hoff, Hopfield,
Fukushima, Kohonen,
Grossberg, Rumelhart, Hinton, Sejnowsky, Smolensky, Churchland)
Artificial Neural Networks An artificial "neural network" is a piece of
software or hardware that simulated the neural network of the brain.
bibliography
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A3.04 Bibliography

14.
15.
16.
Several simple units are connected, with each unit connecting to any
number of other units. The "strength" of the connections can fluctuate
from zero strength to infinite strength. Initially the connections are set
randomly.
20011028_b
http://www.thymos.com/tat/machine.html
Machine Intelligence
(Hilbert, Goedel, Traski, Wiener, Ashby, Shannon, Weaver, Cannon,
Brillouin, Turing, Deutsch, Kolmogorov, Chaitin, Searle, Dreyfus, Winograd,
Penrose, McCarthy, Winston, Michalski, Mitchell, DeJong, Carbonell,
Lenat, Langley, Rosenbloom, Brooks) The Machinery of the Mind. Is the
mind a machine? And, if it is, can we build one mechanically?
20011028_c
http://www.thymos.com/tat/meaning.html
Meaning: A Journey to the Center of the Mind
(Tarski, Kripke, Barwise & Perry, Quine, Churchland, Dummett, Hintikka,
Johnson-Laird, Putnam,
Fodor, Davidson, Lycan)
The Meaning of Meaning: knowing what things are. In our time it is
common and fashionable to ask "what is the meaning of life?" The problem
is that we don't even know the answer to the simpler question: "what is
meaning?" What do we mean when we say that something means
something else? Meaning is intuitively very important. We all assume
that what matters is the meaning of something, not the something per
se. But then nobody really knows how to define what "meaning" means.
The symbol "LIFE" per se is not very interesting, but the thing it means
is very interesting.
20020115
QUESTIONS OF LOGIC: WRITING, DIALECTICS AND MUSICAL
STRATEGIES (FRANÇOIS NICOLAS)
http://www.entretemps.asso.fr/Nicolas/TextesNic/QuestionsOfLogic.html
What is logic in music ? Is there any practice in music that can be called
logic ? Is the nature of this possible logic in music musical or mathematical?
bibliography
A3
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A3.05 Bibliography

17.
18.
19.
20011101
WILLARD QUINE'S VERIFICATION THEORY AND REDUCTIONISM
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/quine.htm
The Verification Theory and Reductionism
What, it may be asked, of the verification theory of meaning? This phrase
has established itself so firmly as a catchword of empiricism that we
should be very unscientific indeed not to look beneath it for a possible
key to the problem of meaning and the associated problems.
20011101_b
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/carnap.htm
Philosophical Foundations of Physics
by Rudolph Carnap (1966)
CHAPTER 23
Theories and Nonobservables
One of the most important distinctions between two types of laws in
science is the distinction between what may be called (there is no generally
accepted terminology for them) empirical laws and theoretical laws.
Empirical laws are laws that can be confirmed directly by empirical
observations. The term "observable" is often used for any phenomenon
that can be directly observed, so it can be said that empirical laws are
laws about observable.
20011101_c
PAUL FEYERABEND'S AGAINST METHOD
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/feyerab
e.htm
Analytical Index (being a sketch of the main argument) and the concluding
chapter
from Paul Feyerabend's 1975
Against Method
Outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge
Science is an essentially anarchistic enterprise: theoretical anarchism is
more humanitarian and more likely to encourage progress than its law-
and-order alternatives. This is shown both by an examination of historical
episodes and by an abstract analysis of the relation between idea and
action. The only principle that does not inhibit progress is: anything goes.
bibliography
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A3.06 Bibliography

20.
21.
22.
20011101_d
THEORIES OF TRUTH
http://www.thymos.com/science/truth.html
What is a theory of truth?
Let's take an example from Physics, a science that is famous for theories.
A theory of electricity is an explanation of the nature and cause of electricity
and a set of laws that electrical phenomena obey. A theory of truth is
essentially an explanation of the nature of truth and a set of laws that
"true" things obey. Electricity is the property that all electrical things share.
What is the property that all true statements have in common? Why is
a theory of truth important? Because that is what, ultimately, our cognitive
life is all about: truth. Whenever we analyze a scene, whenever we
analyze a statement, whenever we recall a memory, whenever we do
anything with our brain, we are on a quest for truth. Our cognitive life is
a continuous struggle for truth: is that stain in the distance a tree? Is she
home tonight?
20011102
A BRIEF SURVEY OF 20TH CENTURY LOGICAL NOTATIONS
http://www.loria.fr/~roegel/cours/symboles-logiques-eng.pdf
Denis Roegel
We give here the logical notations used in a certain number of works of
logic. Most of 20th century's work of historical importance is covered
here. Although the list contains secondary work, the overview given here
is not necessarily representative of the whole of contemporary logic.
An empty cell means that either there is no symbol corresponding to a
concept, or that I didn't nd any by skimming through the book.
20011101_e
FIRST ORDER REPRESENTATIONS
www.cs.vassar.edu/faculty/welty/papers/software-epist/kbse_3.html
Epistemology for Software Representations
Most symbolic representation systems are based on First Order Logic
(FOL), and thus have two basic kinds of symbols: predicate symbols and
object symbols [Carnap, 1961]. Object symbols denote instances or
individuals, and predicate symbols denote properties or attributes of those
individuals.
bibliography
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A3.07 Bibliography

23.
24.
25.
26.
20011101_f
LOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logical-construction/
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Bertrand Russell referred to several different definitions and philosophical
analyses as providing "logical constructions" of certain entities and
expressions.
20011102
PROCESSING OF DEPENDENCY-BASED GRAMMARS
in the light of Dependency Unification Grammar (DUG)
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/64824.html
Peter Hellwig
The purpose of this paper is to stimulate the discussion of the workshop
Processing Dependency-based Grammars at the COLING-ACL98
conference. Hence I concentrate on the questions raised in the call for
papers. My answers originate in my own approach, Dependency Unification
Grammar (DUG), but I hope that they are general enough to be applicable
within other frameworks as well.
20011106
IL LINGUAGGIO
http://151.100.27.197/DIDATTICA_IN_RETE/LEZIONI_DELMIGLIO/12
%20linguag.htm
1951 nasce tra psicologi, linguisti e informatici per definire un campo
comune di ricerca (comportamento, linguaggio strutturale e teoria della
trasmissione dell'informazione)
1957 le strutture della sintassi di Chomsky:
1. approccio innatista 2. nuova grammatica generativo-trasformazionale
3. i postulati della gramm. generativo-trasformazionale hanno realtà
psicologica Comportamentisti ê si parla per "imitazione" con rinforzo
positivo (o negativo) Piaget (20/30) nell'ambito dello sviluppo cognitivo
studia il linguaggio ritenuto una manifestazione dipendente dalla capacità
cognitiva
20011106_b
CAP. 1 DI APPRENDIMENTO DI SIGNIFICATO IN RETI COMPETITIVE
http://www.agora.stm.it/L.Depersiis/cap1.htm
bibliography
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A3.08 Bibliography

27.
28.
Linguistica e filosofia.
Definizioni e terminologia.
La definizione più generale che possiamo trarre dalla filosofia è che il
significato è l'ambito di realtà richiamato da un segno. Un segno, nel
senso più generale della parola, è un oggetto che ha la funzione di
richiamarne un'altro. Adotteremo la terminologia utilizzata da Charles
Morris (1938, 1946) che è ormai comunemente adottata nello studio dei
segni e dell'attività simbolica in genere.
20011108
CAP.2 DI APPRENDIMENTO DI SIGNIFICATO IN RETI COMPETITIVE
Considerazioni sul concetto di significato
Un segno ci appare come qualcosa che ci riporta ad un significato, ma,
come abbiamo visto, quest'ultimo non è una proprietà del segno, qualcosa
di cui il segno è un'etichetta. Piuttosto il significato è nella relazione che,
chi percepisce, ha con il segno; quel segno fa in modo che, in chi
percepisce, avvengano dei fenomeni fisici, emotivi e mentali per cui
percepisce dei rapporti tra gli oggetti in un certo modo piuttosto che in
un altro, attualizza, richiama alla coscienza le proprie relazioni con degli
oggetti.
20011117_a
SYMBOLICVS.CONNECTIONIST
http://www.media.mit.edu/people/minsky/papers/SymbolicVs.Connecti
onist.txt
Logical vs.Analogical or
Symbolic vs. Connectionist or
Neat vs. Scruffy
Marvin Minsky
"Logical vs. Analogical or Symbolic vs. Connectionist or Neat vs. Scruffy",
in Artificial Intelligence at MIT., Expanding Frontiers, Patrick H. Winston
(Ed.), Vol 1, MIT Press, 1990. Reprinted in AI Magazine, 1991
<<Introduction by Patrick Winston>>
Engineering and scientific education conditions us to expect everything,
including intelligence, to have a simple, compact explanation. Accordingly,
when people new to AI ask "What's AI all about," they seem to expect
an answer that defines AI in terms of a few basic mathematical laws.
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A3.09 Bibliography

29.
30.
31.
20011117_b
MUSIC, MIND, AND MEANING
http://www.media.mit.edu/people/minsky/papers/MusicMindMeaning.html
Music, Mind, and Meaning
Marvin Minsky
Computer Music Journal, Fall 1981, Vol. 5, Number 3
This is a revised version of AI Memo No. 616, MIT Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory. An earlier published version appeared in Music, Mind, and
Brain: The Neuropsychology of Music (Manfred Clynes, ed.) Plenum,
New York, 1981
Why Do We Like Music?
20011124
EDGE 3RD CULTURE: CONSCIOUSNESS IS A BIG SUITCASE - A
TALK WITH MARVIN MINSKY
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/minsky/index.html
Consciousness is a Big Suitcase,A Talk with Marvin Minsky
Introduction by John Brockman
"[People] like themselves just as they are," says Marvin Minsky. "Perhaps
they are not selfish enough, or imaginative or ambitious. Myself, I don't
much like how people are now. We're too shallow, slow, and ignorant. I
hope that our future will lead us to ideas that we can use to improve
ourselves." Marvin believes that it is important that we "understand how
our minds are built, and how they support the modes of thought that we
like to call emotions.
20011126
MINSKY ON SCHOOLING
http://www.rru.com/~meo/hs/minski.html
Marvin Minsky Comment on Schooling
(Interviewer): ...For an older student in a conservatory, we can imagine
having to study Gregorian chants for a few months before getting any
highly (positive) feedback. But in the case of a five-year-old child learning
piano or composing, we cannot depend only on delayed feedback or
abstract feedback. Minsky: I'm afraid that's true, at least for most young
children, but the evidence is that many of our foremost achievers developed
under conditions that are not much like those of present-day mass
education.
bibliography
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A3.10 Bibliography

32.
33.
34.
20011126_b
THE PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY, BERTRAND RUSSELL
http://hansen.best.vwh.net/DrPseudocryptonym/Russell_TheProblems
ofPhilosophy.html
APPEARANCE AND REALITY
IS there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable
man could doubt it? This question, which at first sight might not seem
difficult, is really one of the most difficult that can be asked. When we
have realized the obstacles in the way of a straightforward and confident
answer, we shall be well launched on the study of philosophy -- for
philosophy is merely the attempt to answer such ultimate questions, not
carelessly and dogmatically, as we do in ordinary life and even in the
sciences, but critically after exploring all that makes such questions
puzzling, and after realizing all the vagueness and confusion that underlie
our ordinary ideas.
20011127_a
CAN NEUROBIOLOGY TEACH US ANYTHING ABOUT
CONSCIOUSNESS?
http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/church.neuro.html
Human nervous systems display an impressive roster of complex
capacities, including the following: perceiving, learning and remembering,
planning, deciding, performing actions, as well as the capacities to be
awake, fall asleep, dream, pay attention, and be aware. Although
neuroscience has advanced spectacularly in this century, we still do not
understand in satisfying detail how any capacity in the list emerges from
networks of neurons.
20011127_b
IS THE BRAIN A DIGITAL COMPUTER?
http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/searle.comp.html
John R. Searle
There are different ways to present a Presidential Address to the APA;
the one I have chosen is simply to report on work that I am doing right
now, on work in progress. I am going to present some of my further
explorations into the computational model of the mind. The basic idea
of the computer model of the mind is that the mind is the program and
the brain the hardware of a computational system. A slogan one often
sees is: "the mind is to the brain as the program is to the hardware. Let
bibliography
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A3.11 Bibliography

35.
36.
37.
38.
us begin our investigation of this claim by distinquishing three questions:
Is the brain a digital computer?
Is the mind a computer program?
Can the operations of the brain be simulated on a digital computer?
20011127_c
FORUM TEOREMA - FILOSOFIA
http://www.forumteorema.com/filosofia.htm
HEIDEGGER, HUSSERL E LA FILOSOFIA DELLA MENTE
Conversazione con Hubert L. Dreyfus
La persona non è né cosa, né sostanza, né oggetto.La persona è sempre
data come esecutrice di atti intenzionali, raccolti in una unità di senso.
(M. Heidegger, Essere e tempo, 1927, 5 10, p. 70 -71)
20011127_d
FORUM TEOREMA - FILOSOFIA
http://www.forumteorema.com/filosofia.htm
MENTE, COSCIENZA, CERVELLO: UN PROBLEMA ONTOLOGICO
Conversazione con John R. Searle
Ma non è il nostro intendere a dar senso alla proposizione? [ ... ]
E l'intendere è qualcosa che rientra nel dominio dell'anima.
(L. Wittgenstein, Ricerche filosofiche, 358)
20020115_a
PAOLO LEONARDI, FILOSOFIA DEL LINGUAGGIO E FILOSOFIA
DELLA MENTE
http://www.rescogitans.it/ita/Biblioteca/Articoli/Leonardi.htm
Filosofia del linguaggio e filosofia della mente di
Paolo Leonardi
La filosofia del linguaggio del '900 è stata caratterizzata dalla svolta
linguistica, in molti modi diversi. Siamo nel linguaggio: il soggetto è una
costruzione narrativa (P. Ricoeur); il mondo e il linguaggio hanno la
stessa forma (logica) e il soggetto è individuato indirettamente da quanto
dice il mondo (L. Wittgenstein )
20020115_b
SITO WEB ITALIANO PER LA FILOSOFIA-IL SOLE 24 ORE-3 OTTOBRE
1999
http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/rassegna/991003b.htm
bibliography
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A3.12 Bibliography

39.
40.
41.
L'universo simbolico è l'universo delle nostre costruzioni teoriche. Delle
rappresentazioni mentali che ci facciamo della mutevole realtà che ci
circonda. Non solo la realtà psichica degli affetti e delle credenze, ma
anche la realtà fisica del mondo esterno. Di quest'ultimo parla l'universo
simbolico cui fa allusione nel titolo il bel volume curato da Jeremy Gray.
E' l'universo delle costruzioni geometriche e fisiche che, nei decenni tra
la fine dell'Ottocento e gli anni Trenta, hanno cambiato il nostro modo
di concepire lo spazio e il tempo.
20020115_c
IANNIS XENAKIS
http://www.iannis-xenakis.org/biblio2.htm
Andreatta Moreno, Formalizing musical structure : from Information to
Group Theory, Dissertation in Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, University
of Sussex, 1997, p. 17-22.
Andreatta Moreno, " Logica simbolica, teoria dei gruppi e crivelli musicali
nel pensiero di Iannis Xenakis : un punto di vista ", IMonocordo vol.3/4,
1997, p. 3-14 et vol.5, 1998, p. 3-19.
20020115_d
QUESTIONS OF LOGIC: WRITING, DIALECTICS AND MUSICAL
STRATEGIES (FRANÇOIS NICOLAS)
http://www.entretemps.asso.fr/Nicolas/TextesNic/QuestionsOfLogic.html
What is logic in music ? Is there any practice in music that can be called
logic ? Is the nature of this possible logic in music musical or mathematical?
20020115_e
UNTITLED DOCUMENT
http://www.nist.gov/sigmaxi/Abstracts97/ChaseSC.html
MODELING DESIGNS WITH SHAPE ALGEBRAS AND FORMAL LOGIC.
Scott C. Chase, University of California, Los Angeles, Dept. of Architecture
and
Urban Design, chases@nist.gov
Design modeling systems have traditionally used kit-of-parts
representations which require the predetermination of how a design can
be constructed and decomposed. Shape algebraic representations can
release the designer from such restrictions, as they require only minimal
bibliography
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A3.13 Bibliography

42.
43.
44.
predetermination of structure. Through direct manipulation of emergent
features, they can thus support discovery of innovative forms.
20020124_a
LA MECCANICA QUANTISTICA E LA FILOSOFIA
http://www.quipo.it/atosi/numero2/heisenberg/Filo/mecc.htm
La meccanica quantistica e la filosofia
Se le prime teorie fisiche moderne presentavano molteplici aspetti
innovativi rispetto alla concezione meccanicistica dominante all'inizio del
XIX secolo, esse conservavano pur sempre un carattere che era stato
considerato, anche entro culture assai antiche come l'aristotelismo,
l'essenza stessa della scienza: tali teorie si fondavano sulla convinzione
che la natura fosse retta da leggi rigorose, deterministiche, di portata
universale.
20020124_b
LA FISICA NEL '900: UNA RIVOLUZIONE SCIENTIFICA
http://www.sicap.it/merciai/psicosomatica/students/mqtotale.htm
Scopo di questa scheda è individuare alcuni temi della fisica, e in
particolare della fisica del XX secolo, concettualmente rilevanti sia per
la visione del mondo, sia nell’ottica di una fondazione scientifica della
psicologia. Punto di partenza è la constatazione che sia nel pensiero
corrente, sia nelle scienze mediche e psicologiche si abbia una visione
di "scientificità" legata essenzialmente alla fisica classica galileiano-
newtoniana, meccanicistica e materialistica. La teoria della relatività prima
e la meccanica quantistica (detta anche meccanica ondulatoria) poi,
hanno invece portato una serie di rivoluzioni sia concettuali che
epistemologiche di cui è essenziale prendere atto e che cercheremo qui
di sintetizzare schematicamente.
20020124_c
LA MENTE
http://www.sicap.it/merciai/psicosomatica/students/mente-t.htm
La presa di potere della mente
Non c'è dubbio che la maggior parte delle persone sentano che la loro
mente è più importante del loro corpo. Le persone possono aver paura
di perdere un arto in un incidente, ma lo preferirebbero comunque rispetto
alla perdita della coscienza. Una persona in coma irreversibile è considerata
tecnicamente morta anche se il suo corpo è ancora vivo.
bibliography
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A3.14 Bibliography

45.
46.
47.
20020120
YOUR DOCUMENT-ELECTRIC LIBRARY
http://members.aol.com/psychneuro/subliminal/Unconscious.htm
The return of the unconscious. ( Social Research )
When approaching the glamorous yet still dubious topic of the unconscious,
one runs the risk of displeasing everyone -- either because one does not
say all that could be said, or because one trespasses the limits of what
may be said.
20020115
AUTOMATIC CODE GENERATION FROM DESIGN PATTERNS
http://www.public.asu.edu/~gbpan/patternresearch/papers/Automatic-
code-generation-from-design-patterns/Automatic-code-generation-from-
design-patterns.htm
Vol. 35, No. 2, 1996 - Object technology
Also, check out the IBM Object Technology page and the Patterns Home
Page!
0018-8670/96/$5.00 © 1996 IBM
Automatic code generation from design patterns
by F. J. Budinsky, M. A. Finnie, J. M. Vlissides, and P. S. Yu
Reprint Order No. G321-5599.
Design patterns raise the abstraction level at which people design and
communicate design of object-oriented software. However, the mechanics
of implementing design patterns is left to the programmer. This paper
describes the architecture and implementation of a tool that automates
the implementation of design patterns.
20020126
AUTISMO ON-LINE - COS'È L'AUTISMO - L'AUTISMO.
http://autismo.inews.it/coselautismo/didentro.htm
Donna Williams, autenticamente Autistica, è una lettura difficile, ma
estremamente interessante, soprattutto per coloro che sono vicini una
persona Autistica " ad alto funzionamento ", leggendo il libro e questi
spezzoni tratti da esso, potranno comprendere meglio il funzionamento
ed i processi mentali utilizzati dagli Autistici per vivere in mezzo alle altre
persone.
bibliography
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A3.15 Bibliography

48.
49.
50.
51.
20020128
EPIGENETIC PAINTING: SOFTWARE AS GENOTYPE
http://www.verostko.com/epigenet.html
EPIGENETIC PAINTING
Software As Genotype, A New Dimension of Art by Roman Verostko,
1988
Fig. 1 (49KB). Ezekiel Series, The Vision III, 44" by 30", code generated,
1995 (c)
Note On The Original Paper and the published version (c) Leonardo
1990: The author set out, in 1986 in search of a term to accurately
describe the art-making process whereby works are generated by the
artist's own coded procedures. In 1987 he settled on the term epigenetic
as a specific descriptor of the the algorithmic procedures in his work.
20020202
GRAMMAR
http://www.civil.ist.utl.pt/~jduarte/malag/Grammar/grammar_Open.html
Mitchell illustrated the need for shape grammars by comparing a designer's
attempt to design without one to Gulliver's Lilliputans attempt to write
books by randomly combining words. A grammar guarantees that English
sentences will be generated, but one problem remains, how can one
assure that the grammatically correct sentences will say what we are
trying to convey?
20020203
BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM
http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/Chem-History/Bohr/Bohr-1913a.html
On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules
Niels Bohr*
Philosophical Magazine
Series 6, Volume 26
July 1913, p. 1-25
20020217
LA LOGICA QUANTISTICA
http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/6929/logicaquant.html
L’atto di nascita ufficiale della logica quantistica viene fatto coincidere
con la pubblicazione del famoso articolo scritto nel 1936 da Garrett
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.16 Bibliography

52.
53.
54.
55.
Birkhoff e John von Neumann intitolato "The logic of quantum mechanics"
(Annals of Mathematics). L’articolo inizia con la seguente osservazione
: "Uno degli aspetti della teoria quantistica che ha suscitato maggiore
attenzione è la novità delle nozioni logiche che essa presuppone [...]
Oggetto del presente lavoro è scoprire quali strutture logiche si possono
individuare in quelle teorie fisiche che, come la meccanica quantistica,
non sono conformi alla logica classica".
20020217
FISICA DELLA MENTE : ULTIMA FRONTIERA
http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/6929/cervello.html
FISICA DELLA MENTE : ultima frontiera
Nel 1994 usciva in contemporanea nelle librerie inglesi ed americane un
volume scritto da un famoso fisico dell'Università di Oxford. R. Penrose
e intitolato "Le Ombre della Mente". Questo libro, per le tesi che prospettava
nonché per l'autorevolezza del suo autore, mise in subbuglio il mondo
medico-scientifico dell'epoca.
20020218_a
WHAT IS QUANTUM PHYSICS
http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/6929/WhatQPH.html
What is Quantum Physics?
Quantum physics is a branch of science that deals with discrete, indivisible
units of energy called quanta as described by the Quantum Theory.
20020218_b
COPENHAGEN INTERPRETATION. FROM ERIC WEISSTEIN'S WORLD
OF PHYSICS
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/CopenhagenInterpretation.html
Copenhagen Interpretation
The Copenhagen Interpretation is a philosophical construct which was
formulated to provide a fundamental framework for understanding the
implicit assumptions, limitations, and applicability of the theory of quantum
mechanics.
20011108_c
CAPITOLO 3 DI APPRENDIMENTO DI SIGNIFICATO IN RETI
COMPETITIVE
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.17 Bibliography

56.
58.
59.
60.
La semantica.
Il modello di lettura di Carpenter & Just
20011101
KUHN'S STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/kuhn.htm
IX. The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolutions
These remarks permit us at last to consider the problems that provide
this essay with its title. What are scientific revolutions, and what is their
function in scientific development? Much of the answer to these questions
has been anticipated in earlier sections. In particular, the preceding
discussion has indicated that scientific revolutions are here taken to be
those non-cumulative developmental episodes in which an older paradigm
is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one.
20020224
GOODMAN IN RETE
http://lgxserver.uniba.it/lei/filosofi/goodman.html
Scheda Biografico-concettuale :
Il 25 novembre 1998 è morto, negli Stati Uniti, Nelson Goodman, uno
dei filosofi americani di maggior rilievo. Uscito da molti anni dalla scena
accademica, la sua scomparsaha trovato poco spazio nel mondo della
cultura e della filosofia (vedi tuttavia l'articolo di Armando Massarenti
sull'inserto del Sole24 Ore).
20020306
QUANTUM CONSCIOUSNESS IS CYBERNETIC
http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/psyche-2-21-globus.html
Quantum Consciousness is Cybernetic
Gordon Globus
University of California Irvine
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior 360 San Miguel Dr.,
Suite 603
Newport Beach CA 92660
U.S.A.
20020308_a
John Dewey: How We Think: Chapter 9: Meaning:...
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.18 Bibliography

61.
62.
http://paradigm.soci.brocku.ca/~lward/Dewey/Dewey_1910a/Dewey_1
910_i.html
MEANING: OR CONCEPTIONS AND UNDERSTANDING § I. The Place
of Meanings in Mental Life
As in our discussion of judgment we were making more explicit what is
involved in inference, so in the discussion of meaning we are only recurring
to the central function of all reflection. For one thing to mean, signify,
betoken, indicate, or point to, another we saw at the outset to be the
essential mark of thinking.
20020308_b
THE THREE LOGICS OF MODERNITY AND THE DOUBLE
http://hi.rutgers.edu/szelenyi60/heller.html
The Three Logics of Modernity and the Double Bind
Agnes Heller
New School for Social Research
The three logics of modernity and the double bind of modern imagination.
I distinguish between two constituents of modernity which together stand
for the essence of modernity. I also distinguish between three logics or
tendencies in modernity. In this paper I concentrate on one single issue.
I argue that one cannot understand modernity, particularly not is briddle
a heterogeneous character from the perspective of technological
imagination (the Heideggarian Gestell) alone.
20020310_a
H.G. GADAMER
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/1643/gadamer.html
Domenica, 10 marzo 2002
Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900- ). Although the author of a great number
of shorter works, German-born Gadamer is best known for his magnum
opus in the area of philosophical hermeneutics, Truth and Method,
originally published in 1960. This book had the twin purposes of attacking
a rather narrow view of scientific method as the sole route to truth and
an extension of the Dasein-ontology (the assertion that was is primordial
is Being, and that human beings are Being for which Being itself "is an
issue") established by Martin Heidegger into the field of critical
hermeneutics.
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.19 Bibliography

63.
64.
65.
20020310_b
PROCESS, EMERGENCE, AND RECURSIVITY
http://www.svcc.cc.il.us/academics/classes/gadamer/gng.htm
Process, Emergence, and Recursivity
K.A. Murray, Clifford Geertz, in his essay "Religion as a Cultural System,"
posits a cultural dynamic which he refers to as "models of--models for."
The specific context for the discussion of this process is its function within
religion, but the general application is readily apparent for explaining the
compelling nature of other perspectives found in most overarching
narratives such as philosophy or science.
20020310_c
THINKING ABOUT THOUGHT: CONSCIOUSNESS
http://www.thymos.com/tat/self.html
The Self and Free Will: Do We Think Or Are We Thought?
(Ornstein, Gazzaniga, Dennett, Parfit, Lazarus, Parfit, Carlson, Bernard)
The Self
Consciousness is more than just being aware of being: it comes with a
strong notion: the distinction between self and non-self. I know that I am
myself, but I also know that I am not anybody else, and that nobody else
is me. I know that I am myself, and I know that I was myself yesterday
and the day before and the year before and forty years ago. Consciousness
carries a sense of identity, of me being me.
20020310_d
THINKING ABOUT THOUGHT: CONSCIOUSNESS
http://www.thymos.com/tat/physics.html
Physics and the Mind
The vast majority of theories of mind assume that the world is a Newtonian
world of objects, of continuous time, of absolute reality and of force-
mediated causality. What that means is very simple: most theories of
mind are based on a Physics that has been proven wrong. Newton's
Physics does work in many cases, but today we know that it does not
work in other cases. We don't know whether mind belongs to the set of
cases for which Newton's Physics is a valid approximation of reality, or
whether mind belongs to the set of cases for which Newton's Physics
yields wrong predictions. Any theory of mind that is based on Newton's
Physics is a gamble.
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.20 Bibliography

66.
67.
68.
20020324
http://www.ldv.uni-
trier.de:8080/ldvpage/rieger/pub/aufsaetze/rcefr/rcefr.ps.gz.
Revolution, Counterrevolution, or a New
Empirical Approach to Frame
Reconstruction instead?
Burghard B. Rieger Institut f"ur Mathematisch-empirische Systemforschung
(MESY)
Aachen
The title of this paper certainly draws upon two related articles which --
particularly outside the continental tradition of linguistics -- may be
considered to have opened the discussion and widened its scope by
focussing on possible issues of changing aims of the discipline.
20020325
LINGUIST LIST 11.1475: ADJACENCY/GLOW 2001, C...
http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/11/11-1475.html
24th GLOW Colloquium 2001
April 8-10, 2001
Portugal, Braga
Organization: Associacao Portuguesa de Linguistica, Universidade do
Minho &
Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Call for Papers (This year's Colloquium will have a parallel session on
phonology!)
ADJACENCY
Obligatory adjacency between particular syntactic constituents is a fact
described in many constructions in many languages. Typically, cases of
adjacency between two constituents are understood as instances of
head-complement or Spec,head relations. A number of studies in the
eighties have proposed that adjacency plays a key role in constraining
certain syntactic processes: Stowell's (l981) Case assignment under
adjacency or Marantz's (l989) Morphological Merger under adjacency.
20020330
CLASSICS IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY -- MEAD...
The Social Self [1]
George Herbert Mead (1913)
First published in Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.21 Bibliography

69.
70.
71.
Methods, 10, 374-380.
Recognizing that the self can not appear in consciousness as an "I," that
it is always an object, i.e., a "me," I wish to suggest an answer to the
question, What is involved in the self being an object? The first answer
may be that an object involves a subject. Stated in other words, that a
"me" is inconceivable without an "I. "
20020330
NARRATIVITY - THE PAPER
http://www.rcds-cjls.uqam.ca/Narrativity.htm
THE CREATIVE SELF AS A SITE OF INTERNORMATIVITY
A NON-ESSENTIALIST AESTHETIC APPROACH TO LEGAL
PLURALISM
Martha-Marie Kleinhans Draft (June 1996—Learneds) (McGill University
- Faculty of Law )
This paper is very much a framework document (or think-piece) which I
am in the process of developing. For the purposes of this presentation
I shall be centering my discussion on the narrative of the self, and how
the notion of narrativity might help expand discussions of critical legal
pluralism by supplementing existing debates about internormative dialogue
with an individualistic or personal component.
20020401
GIOVANNI GENTILE : L'ATTUALISMO
http://www.geocities.com/fylosofya/gentile3.htm
Al centro del sistema elaborato da Gentile sta il presupposto che ' la
realtà non è pensabile se non in relazione coll'attività pensante per cui
è pensabile ' e che il pensare è essenzialmente attività: su questa base,
Gentile distingue tra pensiero astratto e pensiero concreto e identifica il
pensiero concreto con il pensare in atto.
20020402
LA FILOSOFIA ITALIANA E IL NEOIDEALISMO DI CR...
http://www.oneonline.it/users/dromano/appunti/neoidealismo.htm
L'unificazione nazionale italiana è avvenuta nel 1860, tardi rispetto agli
altri paesi europei (se si esclude la Germania). Essa ebbe due principali
caratteristiche: fu un movimento popolare rivoluzionario e si concluse
con il tradimento della borghesia, che volle realizzare il compromesso
con l'aristocrazia e la monarchia.
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.22 Bibliography

72.
73.
74.
75.
20020407
NIGMS -- THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF COMPLEX ...
http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/reports/genetic_arch.html
The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits Workshop
Report and Recommendations
January 29, 1998
This report summarizes the findings of a panel of experts who met at the
National Institutes of Health on December 10-11, 1997 at a workshop entitled
"The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits." The report and
recommendations were prepared for consideration by the National Advisory
General Medical Sciences Council.
20020407_b
http://www.kornai.com/MatLing/statling.html
STATISTICAL LINGUISTICS
The longest-established important application of statistical techniques to
linguistic problems is stylometry, a method of resolving disputed authorship
(usually in a literary context, occasionally for forensic purposes) by finding
statistical properties of text that are characteristic of individual writers, such
as mean word or sentence length, or frequencies of particular words (see
e.g. Morton 1978).
20020409
HAAPARANTA: FREGE & HUSSERl
http://www.ags.uci.edu/~bcarver/peregrin.html
Leila Haaparanta, editor
Mind, Meaning and Mathematics
Essays on the Philosophical Views of Husserl and Frege
Kluwer Academic Publishers 1994,
Dordrecht/Boston/London. xii + 278 pp.
Reviewed by Jaroslav Peregrin
In the end of the previous century, both Edmond Husserl and Gottlob Frege
strove for such foundations of mathematics which would allow to understand
its subject matter without taking recourse to psychology. Their ways of doing
it parted; and each of them laid the foundation of an important philosophical
school, Husserl of phenomenology and Frege of analytic philosophy.
20020409_b
STEVEN HORST: COMPUTATIONAL THEORY OF MIND
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.23 Bibliography

76.
http://www2.rz.hu-
berlin.de/linguistik/institut/syntax/mind/computationaltheoryofmind.htm
COMPUTATIONAL THEORY OF MIND
Steven Horst
MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Sciences
http://mitpress.mit.edu/MITECS/work/horst.html
The Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) claims that the mind is a digital
computer: a discrete-state device that stores symbolic representations
and manipulates them according to syntactic rules.
20020409_c
REVIEW OF FODOR, PSYCHOSEMANTICS
http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/fodor.htm
Review of Fodor, Psychosemantics
Review of J. Fodor, Psychosemantics, Journal of Philosophy, LXXXV,
384-389, July 1988.
Jerry Fodor, Psychosemantics, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press/A Bradford
Book, 1987, 173 pp, $19.95.
In Word and Object, Quine acknowledged the "practical indispensability"
in daily life of the intentional idioms of belief and desire but disparaged
such talk as an "essentially dramatic idiom" rather than something from
which real science could be made in any straightforward way.
bibliography
A3
Paradig_matic.
A3.24 Bibliography

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