The document discusses different forms of child exploitation including child labor, trafficking, and sexual abuse. It provides details on the various types of child labor such as domestic work, agriculture work, and industry work. It notes that around 215 million children work under illegal and exploitative conditions. The document also discusses trafficking in children for forced labor and sexual exploitation. Finally, it defines child sexual abuse and notes its prevalence, discussing both contact and non-contact forms of abuse and their lifelong negative impacts on victims.

1. INTRODUCTION
According to dictionary.com, exploited is defined, ‗‘ To employ to the
greatest possible advantage ‗‘ or TO make use of selfishly or unethically.‘‘ Put
simply, exploited means to manipulate. Forms of human exploitation is :
 Child Labor
 Child Sexual Exploitation
 Forced Labor
 Human trafficking, dan etc.
Child labor is simply the most severe form of child exploitation and child
abuse in the world today. In any society, working children, as a socio- economic
group, happens to be the most disadvantaged of all since ‗‘they are forced to
work for living, sacrificing their childhood as well as their future for bare survival
of self and family‘‘. Today, as individual well being increasingly depends on
literacy, numeracy and intellectual competence, a child working is in fact a future
denied.
Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending
school. Around the world and in the U.S, growing gaps between rich and poor in
recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into
work. The international Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children
between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are
considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work
at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are
extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture,
fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit
activities like drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as
serving as soldiers. We hope that we prevent and deal with such matters, child
labor can be reduced or even eliminated from our lives.
Semarang, December 2012
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................. 2
CHAPTER I BACKROUND .............................................................. 3
CHAPTER II PROBLEM .............................................................. 4
CHAPTER III SOLUTION .............................................................. 13
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION .............................................................. 14
REFERENCE .............................................................. 15
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3. CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND
1.1 Explanation
Child exploitation is one of the biggest problems of the planet. It is increasing
constantly. More than 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 work in
the world; it adds up to 11,5 million teens between the ages of 15 and 17. Most of
them live in countries of the Third World, Asia, Africa but also in Europe and
North America. In certain countries like India,Indonesia as well as Bangladesh,
the children represent 10 at 15% of the labour force.
Child exploitation can decided into two, there are child labour and child sexual
abuse.Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives
children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school,
and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This
practiceis considered exploitative by many international organisations.
Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.These laws do not consider all
work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists,
supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children,
and others.Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older
adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse
include asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities (regardless of
the outcome), indecent exposure (of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child
with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to intimidate the child,
physical sexual contact with a child, or using a child to produce child
pornography.
1.2 Reasons for choosing the topic
Actually this topic is given by mrs Ida Ayu as our lecture but after we sought
deeper about this topic we realize that child exploitation was a crime that will
cause a bad influence to the next generation in the future, so than we must stop
this crime immediately.
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4. CHAPTER II
PROBLEM
2.1 Forms of Child Exploitation
A. Child Labour
―Child labour ‖ is often defined as work that deprives children of
theirchildhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful tophysical and
mental development. The forms of child labour are :
1. Child Domestic Work
Child domestic workers are persons under 18 years of age who
work in other people‘s households (and sometimes their own families‘)
doing domestic chores, caring for children, running errands and helping
their employers run small businesses. Child domestic workers include
those who ‗live in‘ and those who live separately from their employers. A
child domestic worker may be paid, unpaid, or receive ‗in-kind‘
remuneration such as food and shelter.
Children enter domestic work for a variety of reasons. Poverty and
promise of a better future sometimes lead parents to send their children
into domestic work or children to decide to enter it of their own accord.
Despite widespread abuse and exploitation enduring myths prevail.
Employers often take girls in their house as a ‗favour‘, thinking that they
are protecting them and providing opportunities but fail to recognise the
level of exploitation and abuse they submit them to. Parents send their
children to work with a rich family thinking that it will bring them new
opportunities. Domestic work is also widely perceived as a less
dangerous type of employment than others, hence making it more
suitable for girls. It is also sometimes the only way girls can continue their
schooling.
2 Child labour in Agriculture
In many countries child labour is mainly an agricultural issue.
Worldwide 60 percent of all child labourers in the age group 5 - 17 years
work in agriculture, including farming, fishing, aquaculture, forestry, and
livestock. This amounts to over 129 million girls and boys. The majority
(67.5%) of child labourers are unpaid family members. In agriculture this
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5. percentage is higher, and is combined with very early entry into work,
sometimes between 5 and 7 years of age1. Agriculture is one of the three
most dangerous sectors in terms of work-related fatalities, non-fatal
accidents and occupational diseases. About 59 percent (or 70 millions) of
all children in hazardous work aged 5–17 are in agriculture.
Poverty is the main cause of child labour in agriculture, together
with limited access to quality education, inadequate agricultural
technology and access to adult labour, high hazards and risks, and
traditional attitudes towards children‘s participation in agricultural
activities. Especially in the context of family farming, small-scale fisheries
and livestock husbandry, some participation of children in non-hazardous
activities can be positive as it contributes to the inter-generational transfer
of skills and children‘s food security. It is important to distinguish between
light duties that do no harm to the child and child labour, which is work
that interferes with compulsory schooling and damages health and
personal development, based on hours and conditions of work, child‘s
age, activities performed and hazards involved.
Participation in some agricultural activities is not always child
labour. Age- appropriate tasks that are of lower risk and do not interfere
with a child‘s schooling and leisure time can be a normal part of growing
up in a rural environment. Especially in the context of family farming,
small-scale fisheries and livestock husbandry, some participation of
children in non-hazardous activities can be positive as it contributes to the
inter-generational transfer of technical and social skills and children‘s food
security. Improved self-confidence, self-esteem and work skills are
attributes often detected in young people engaged in some aspects of
farm work. Therefore it is important to distinguish between light duties that
do no harm to the child and child labour, which is work that interferes with
compulsory schooling and damages health and personal development,
based on hours and conditions of work, child‘s age, activities performed
and hazards involved.
3. Industry Work
In the years that followed the Civil War, known as the ―Rise of
Industrial America, 1876 – 1900‖ on the American Memory Timeline of the
Library of Congress Learning Page, the United States emerged as an
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6. industrial giant. When studying history we see that existing industries
flourished and new opportunities developed, such as petroleum refining,
steel manufacturing, and the widespread use of electrical power. The use
of railroads grew exponentially and industry and services once in isolated
areas of the country entered into a national market economy.
This era of industrial growth transformed American society
creating a new class of wealthy entrepreneurs and a comfortable middle
class. The increase in industry resulted in a growth among the blue collar
working class. This labor force was made up of millions of newly arrived
immigrants and vast numbers of families migrating from rural areas to
cities with the hope of job security and prosperity.
With a dream of a better life, rural families relocated to the cities to
find work. Sadly, most were disappointed when they arrived and
discovered that the truth was not as ―rosey‖ as they had been led to
believe. The jobs available required long hours and offered little pay. In
most situations, every able family member was needed to work to simply
keep the family above the poverty level. Those working included children
as young as three.
Young children working endured some of the harshest conditions.
Workdays would often be 10 to 14 hours with minimal breaks during the
shift. Factories employing children were often very dangerous places
leading to injuries and even deaths. Machinery often ran so quickly that
little fingers, arms and legs could easily get caught. Beyond the
equipment, the environment was a threat to children as well as factories
put out fumes and toxins. When inhaled by children these most certainly
could result in illness, chronic conditions or disease.
Children working in rural areas were not faring much better. Harvesting
crops in extreme temperatures for long hours was considered normal for these
children. Work in agriculture was typically less regulated than factory duties.
Farm work was often not considered dangerous or extraneous for children, even
though they carried their weight and more in loads of produce and handled
dangerous tools.
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7. Beyond the topic of safety, children working lengthy hours had limited
access to education. Many families relied on income earned by each family
member and did not allow children to attend school at all. Those fortunate
enough to be enrolled often attended only portions of a school day or only a few
weeks at a time. Library of Congress Learning Page Features and Activities
Accessed 9.24.08
Reforming child labor laws and creating new laws that would enforce a
minimum working age, prohibiting dangerous jobs and conditions and
establishing maximum hours children could work was not a popular endeavor. It
took several years and many attempts by Congress to pass national laws
designed to improve working conditions and regulations relative to children in the
workforce.
B. Trafficking in children
Child trafficking is about taking children out of their protective environment
and preying on their vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation. Although no
precise figures exist, the ILO (in 2005) estimated that 980,000 to 1,225,000
children - both boys and girls - are in a forced labour situation as a result of
trafficking.
ILO Convention No. 182 (1999) on the Worst Forms of Child Labour
(WFCL) classifies trafficking among ―forms of slavery or practices similar to
slavery‖ and thereby a WFCL to be eliminated as a matter of urgency,
irrespective of the country‘s level of development.
The trafficking in children - internally in countries, across national borders
and across continents - is closely interlinked with the demand for cheap
malleable and docile labour in sectors and among employers where the working
conditions and the treatment grossly violates the human rights of the children.
These are characterized by environments that are unacceptable (the
unconditional worst forms) as well as dangerous to the health and the
development of the child (hazardous worst forms). These forms range from
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8. bonded labour, camel jockeying, child domestic labour, commercial sexual
exploitation and prostitution, drug couriering, and child soldiering to exploitative
or slavery-like practices in the informal industrial sector.
As part of larger initiatives to combat the worst forms of child labour, the
ILO‘s International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) works
with governments, workers and employers‘ organizations and NGOs to fight
child trafficking It works with them to offer broad protection to children at risk and
victims, prevent the crime of trafficking, enforce laws and prosecute traffickers,
and assist victims in need. Where appropriate, services are offered at source, in
transit and at destination. The Programme takes into account the national, sub-
regional and regional specificities of the root causes of children‘s vulnerability,
mechanisms and routes used by traffickers, and the nature of exploitation that
takes place, as well as the legal and cultural contexts.
The 2016 Roadmap for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labour by
2016, adopted at The Hague Child Labour Conference in May 2010, calls for
international cooperation to combat child trafficking, and achievement of the goal
of elimination of the worst forms of child labour - including child trafficking - by
2016.
How to stop child labour :
1.More attention by family
2. Education - that helps children learn skills that will help them earn a living
3. Social services - that help children and families survive crises, such as
disease, or loss of home and shelter
4. Family control of fertility - so that families are not burdened by children
Example of child labour :
Truth about child labor in India
Most traditional families believe that a child is born to them to earn more
money for the family. The child is just another source of income. And traditional
business families in fact put the child into the business rather than sending them
to school. Under the pretext of training them, they make them work long hours,
sometimes resorting to physical torture in case the child makes mistakes.
Child abuse is another cause for child labor. This is more so in the case of the
girl child, who has probably been abused by someone at home, and to hide this
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9. fact she is sold to an employer from a city as domestic help, or then as a bride to
an old man.
Lack of proper educational facilities force parents to send their children to
work, rather than keeping them at home and giving them a home-based
education, along with a happy and innocent childhood playing amongst other
children.
C. Child Sexual Abuse
It can be very difficult to talk about sexual abuse and even more difficult to
acknowledge that sexual abuse of children of all ages including infants happens
every day. Sexual abuse of children has become the subject of great community
concern and the focus of many legislative and professional initiatives. This is
evidenced by the expanding body of literature on sexual abuse, public
declarations by adult survivors and increased media coverage of sexual abuse
issues.
According to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
(NCANDS), an estimated 9.3 percent of confirmed or substantiated child abuse
and neglect cases in 2005 involved sexual abuse (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2007). This figure translates into over 83,800 victims in 2005
alone (USDHHS, 2007). Other studies suggest that even more children suffer
abuse and neglect than is ever reported to child protective services agencies.
Statistics indicate that girls are more frequently the victims of sexual abuse, but
the number of boys is also significant.
What Is Child Sexual Abuse?
At the extreme end of the spectrum, sexual abuse includes sexual
intercourse or its deviations. Yet all offences that involve sexually touching a
child, as well as non-touching offenses and sexual exploitation, are just as
harmful and devastating to a child‘s well-being.
Touching sexual offenses include:
Fondling;
Making a child touch an adult‘s sexual organs; and
Penetrating a child‘s vagina or anus no matter how slight with a penis or
any object that doesn‘t have a valid medical purpose.
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10. Non-touching sexual offenses include:
Engaging in indecent exposure or exhibitionism;
Exposing children to pornographic material;
Deliberately exposing a child to the act of sexual intercourse; and
Masturbating in front of a child.
Sexual exploitation can include:
Engaging a child or soliciting a child for the purposes of prostitution; and
Using a child to film, photograph or model pornography.
These definitions are broad. In most states, the legal definition of child
molestation is an act of a person—adult or child—who forces, coerces or
threatens a child to have any form of sexual contact or to engage in any type of
sexual activity at the perpetrator‘s direction.
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
The effects of sexual abuse extend far beyond childhood. Sexual abuse
robs children of their childhood and creates a loss of trust, feelings of guilt and
self-abusive behavior. It can lead to antisocial behavior, depression, identity
confusion, loss of selfesteem and other serious emotional problems. It can also
lead to difficulty with intimate relationships later in life. The sexual victimization of
children is ethically and morally wrong.
Proving Sexual Abuse
When sexual abuse occurs the child victim may be the only witness and
the child‘s statements may be the only evidence. In such cases, the central issue
sometimes becomes whether the child‘s statements can be trusted. Some child
welfare experts feel that children never lie about sexual abuse and that their
statements must always be believed. According to Douglas Besharov in The
Future of Children (1994), ―Potential reporters are not expected to determine the
truth of a child‘s statements. As a general rule, therefore, all doubts should be
resolved in favor of making a report.‖ He continues, ―A child who describes being
sexually abused should be reported unless there is clear reason to disbelieve the
statement.‖
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11. Child sexual abuse cases can be very difficult to prove largely because
cases where definitive, objective evidence exists are the exception rather than
the rule. The first indicators of sexual abuse may not be physical, but rather
behavioral changes or abnormalities. Unfortunately, because it can be so difficult
to accept that sexual abuse may be occurring,the adult may misinterpret the
signals and feel that the child is merely being disobedient or insolent.
The reaction to the disclosure of abuse then becomes disbelief and
rejection of the child‘s statements.
Sexual abuse is usually discovered in one of two ways:
Direct disclosure (e.g., the victim, victim‘s family member or parent
seeking help makes a statement)
Indirect methods (e.g., someone witnesses the abuse to the child, the
child contracts a sexually transmitted disease or the child becomes
pregnant)
Sometimes the child may be so traumatized by sexual abuse that years pass
before he or she is able to understand or talk about what happened. In these
cases, adult survivors of sexual abuse may come forward for the first time in their
40s or 50s and divulge the horror of their experiences.
What Can We Do?
Protect your children. Teach your children what appropriate sexual behavior is
and when to say ―no‖ if someone tries to touch sexual parts of their bodies or
touch them in any way that makes them feel uncomfortable. Also, observe your
children when they interact with others to see if they are hesitant or particularly
uncomfortable around certain adults. It is critical to provide adequate supervision
for your children and only leave them in the care of individuals whom you deem
safe.
Support child abuse victims. Children need to know that they can speak openly
to a trusted adult and that they will be believed. Children who are victims of
sexual abuse should always be reassured that they are not responsible for what
has happened to them. Offer encouragement for victims by supporting
organizations that help victims of incest or by simply reassuring victims of sexual
abuse that they should not feel shame or guilt. It is important to understand that
troubled families can be helped and that everyone can play a part in the process.
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12. Teach others about child abuse. Help make others aware of sexual abuse by
arranging for knowledgeable guest speakers to present to your organizations or
groups. Encourage your local school board to establish programs to educate both
teachers and students about the problem.
Report, report, report. If you suspect sexual abuse and believe a child to be in
imminent danger, report it to the local child protective services agency (often
called ―social services‖ or ―human services‖) in your county or state.
Professionals who work with children are required by law to report reasonable
suspicion of abuse or neglect. Furthermore, in 20 states, citizens who suspect
abuse or neglect are required to report it. ―Reasonable suspicion‖ based on
objective evidence, which could be firsthand observation or statements made by
a parent or child, is all that is needed to report. Remember that you may be the
only person in a position to help a child who is being sexually abused.
Example of sex abuse
Touching a female child's breasts through clothing, 13 years or younger,
is felony sexual assault
Touching a male or female child's genitals through clothing, 13 years or
younger, is felony sexual assault
Any sexual act against the child's will
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13. CHAPTER III
SOLUTIONS
We have some solution for this problem, there are :
1. Socializing the Child Protection Act, particularly the threat of criminal acts
against children. Actions taken by parents, friends or interested people
aimed at personal gain, families or groups is not allowed. By way
manipulate, exploit or blackmail the child is not very humane, hiring
minors contrary to Article 17 of Law No. 23 of 2003 and the perpetrator
can be charged with violating Article 88 of Law No. 23 of 2003 (Chapter
XII of the Criminal Provisions), any person who exploit economies or for
the purpose of sexual child benefit themselves or others shall be punished
with imprisonment of 10 years and / or a maximum fine of 200 million .
2. Thinking compliance assurance needs to free them from poverty resulting
from the streets. (Whether by providing shelter, learning facilities or
means of business ).
3. Monitor and look for the organizers of street children, for what purpose
and motivation.
4. Improving the quality of education from elementary school to Medium
Schools Top to expand enrollment boys and girls in the two districts.
5. Provide entrepreneurial training and access to financial credit to facilitate
their own business for the elderly.
6. Parents and the community must also gain knowledge and understanding
of human rights. Prevention and early intervention in the family and
community level can reduce the risk of children become victims of
exploitation.
7. Regional autonomy should be able to push the local government job
opportunities, particularly in rural areas, in an effort to improve the family
economy
8. College as a center of advocacy, socialization, and a reference to the
protection and welfare of children need to be more involved in redefining
and reconstructing a view to judge the victims of child exploitation.
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14. CAPTURE IV
CONCLUSION
Child Exploitation is on of the biggest problem in the world. This practice is
considered exploitative by many international organisations.
The reason of child exploitation are to support their families living
conditions or to support their personal needs, for cheap labour, for used to do
illegal or dangerous works such as prostitution, miming and drug trafficking.
For solving this problem the goverment, parents, children, teacher and us
should work together and support each other.
The child exploitation was a crime that will cause a bad influence, to the
next generation in the future, so than we must stop this crime immediately.
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15. REFERENCES
Besharov, D. J. (1994). Responding to child sexual abuse: The need for a
balanced approach. In R.E. Behrman (Ed.), The future of children, 3 & 4, 135-
155. Los Altos, CA: The Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucile
Packard Foundation.
Bottoms, B., & Epstein, M. (1998). Memories of childhood sexual abuse: A survey
of young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(12), 1217-1238.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children,
Youth, and Families. (2007). Child maltreatment 2005. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office.
( http://ken-foundation.blogspot.com/2012/08/child-labour.html)
http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Child-Exploitation?&id=212286
http://harmonyfdn.ca/?page_id=861
http://www.privatefamilymatter.com/sexual/sexual-abuse-examples
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