1. Building an APA Reference List
E. Siler

3. Basic Information
• For each source you use, try to locate:
• An author: human, corporate, no author
• A date
• A title
• A source
• Retrieval information

4. WHO Wrote This?

5. A Corporate Author

6. Author Types

7. Find the Form

8. Author
• Hoovers.
• Note: Period (.) after the name.

9. The Date
• Dated items
• Items with no dates

10. Dated Items

11. Date Form
• Always use parentheses. ()
• Put the year date first. (2012)
• Add a comma (,) if there is more than a year date.
(2012,)
• Next add the month if there is one. Spell out the
names of months completely. (2012, October)
• If there is a date, put that after the month. Do
not use a comma. (2012, October 9)
• Put a period after the parentheses.
(2012, October 9).

12. Author + Date
• Hoovers. (2012, October 9).

13. Title

14. Title form
• For titles of documents (both on WEB sites and in
periodicals) follow these rules:
– Do not underline, bold, or italicize.
– Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title.
– Also capitalize the first word of any subtitles.
– Capitalize proper nouns (names) and proper
adjectives.
– Do NOT capitalize anything else.
– Insert a period (.) after the title.

15. Author + Date + Title
• Hoovers. (2012, October 9). Chevron
Corporation.

16. Source
• Original Sources
• Don’t confuse with the retrieval site

17. Locating the Source

18. Source Form
• The source is capitalized and punctuated as
shown in the document: Hoover’s Company
Records – In-depth Records
• The source is always italicized: Hoover’s
Company Records – In-depth Records
• The source is followed by a period: Hoover’s
Company Records – In-depth Records.

19. Author+Date+Title+Source
• Hoovers. (2012, October 9). Chevron
Corporation. Hoover’s Company Records – In-
depth Records.

20. Retrieval Information
• Printed information (volume #, page #, etc.)
• Electronic information (doi number, database,
name, URL, etc.)

21. Electronic Retrieval Information
• All electronic retrieval statements start with
these words: Retrieved from . . .
• If the item is retrieved from an electronic
subscription-based database service, use the
name of the service in the retrieval statement.
• Do not use the link for databases, since it may
be impossible for your reader to access the
link.
• End with a period (.)

22. Author+Date+Title+Source+Retrieval
• Hoovers. (2012, October 9). Chevron
Corporation. Hoover’s Company Records – In-
depth Records. Retrieved from LexisNexis
Academic database.

23. THAT WAS . . .
• EASY!
• Many are not so easy because:
• The author is not obvious or does not exist.
• The date is not clear.
• The title is very long.
• The source isn’t clear.
• The retrieval information is not available.

24. A Much Harder Case
• Please consider the following video, which you
should have already watched.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0w7S65S
5Sc
• That you have watched this video and that
you want to use information from it in your
paper.

25. OWL CHOICES

26. An Interview?

27. A Video Podcast?

28. Maybe . . .
• It’s BOTH!
• So let’s see how much information we can
extract to get to our five basic categories,
using the two forms shown.

29. What we have:
• An interviewer: Paul Jay (A senior editor)
• An interviewee: Robinson Yumbo
• A title: True Cost of Chevron in Ecuador
• A source: The Real News Network
• A publication date: July 5, 2012
• A youtube link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0w7S65S
5Sc

30. We also know
• This interview is available in an audio-video
format.
• This Real News Network puts out regular
broadcasts on different news topics.
• This broadcast came from Baltimore,
Maryland.

31. A Possible Solution
• Jay, P. (Interviewer) & Yumbo, R. (Interviewee).
(2012, July 5). True cost of Chevron in Ecuador
[Video Interview]. The Real News Network.
Podcast retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0w7S65S
5Sc.