The survey of 354 middle school students in the Edison School District provided valuable data that could be used to improve the district's Breakfast in the Classroom program. Key findings included that the majority of students ate breakfast at least 5 days a week but only 39% participated in the school breakfast program. The top reasons for non-participation were not liking the menu and not having enough time to eat. Participating students also cited these issues. Food preferences suggested adding hot breakfast options, more cereal varieties, and chocolate milk. Most students felt special promotional events could boost participation. The results support modifying menus and increasing promotion to potentially raise the daily participation rate.
Design & Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic SystemSulaman Muhammad
Aim of this project was to boost the DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic system to the required DC value through DC-DC boost converter and then to invert that DC voltage to AC voltage through H-bridge inverter. The output of the inverter is then filtered through a low pass filter to get a pure sinusoidal wave form. This output is then synchronized with the grid by converting the sine wave of grid into square wave and then compare that square wave with the PWM and then give that output wave of comparator to H-bridge, so if there is any change in the grid as a result the output of inverter will also have same change.
Distributed generation of electric energy has become part of the current electric power system. In this context, a recent research study is arising on a new scenario in which small energy sources make up a new supply system : The Microgrid. The most recent projects show the technical difficulty of controlling the operation of Microgrids, because they are complex systems in which several subsystems interact: energy sources, power electronics converters, energy systems, linear and non-linear loads and of course, the utility grid.In next years, the electric grid will evolve from the current very centralized model toward a more distributed one.
Brief description of solar PV system and study of Maximum Power point tracking techniques. Here two methods has been discussed - 1) Perturbation and observation 2) Incremental conductance.
AI Tools for E-Content Development: Professional Development of HE Teachers, ...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
AI Tools for E-Content Development: Professional Development of HE Teachers, An Interactive Session in the Refresher Course (SSS) for HE Teachers @ UGC - MMTTC, University of Calicut, Kerala
By:
Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Faculty of Education, University of Delhi, Delhi
vinodpr111@gmail.com
Design & Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic SystemSulaman Muhammad
Aim of this project was to boost the DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic system to the required DC value through DC-DC boost converter and then to invert that DC voltage to AC voltage through H-bridge inverter. The output of the inverter is then filtered through a low pass filter to get a pure sinusoidal wave form. This output is then synchronized with the grid by converting the sine wave of grid into square wave and then compare that square wave with the PWM and then give that output wave of comparator to H-bridge, so if there is any change in the grid as a result the output of inverter will also have same change.
Distributed generation of electric energy has become part of the current electric power system. In this context, a recent research study is arising on a new scenario in which small energy sources make up a new supply system : The Microgrid. The most recent projects show the technical difficulty of controlling the operation of Microgrids, because they are complex systems in which several subsystems interact: energy sources, power electronics converters, energy systems, linear and non-linear loads and of course, the utility grid.In next years, the electric grid will evolve from the current very centralized model toward a more distributed one.
Brief description of solar PV system and study of Maximum Power point tracking techniques. Here two methods has been discussed - 1) Perturbation and observation 2) Incremental conductance.
AI Tools for E-Content Development: Professional Development of HE Teachers, ...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
AI Tools for E-Content Development: Professional Development of HE Teachers, An Interactive Session in the Refresher Course (SSS) for HE Teachers @ UGC - MMTTC, University of Calicut, Kerala
By:
Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Faculty of Education, University of Delhi, Delhi
vinodpr111@gmail.com
Dc-Dc boost converter topologies and MPPT techniques for Grid connected PV sy...rameshwar meena
1. Modeling of Dc-Dc boost converter in MATLAB Simulink.
2. MATLAB Simulink of P&O techniques and Incremental conductance.
3. Ac grid connected to solar PV array via dc-dc boost converter and Dc-Ac converter.
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Studyjehill3
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Video: https://youtu.be/xwVOthcoA-U
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AT Still University
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Dc-Dc boost converter topologies and MPPT techniques for Grid connected PV sy...rameshwar meena
1. Modeling of Dc-Dc boost converter in MATLAB Simulink.
2. MATLAB Simulink of P&O techniques and Incremental conductance.
3. Ac grid connected to solar PV array via dc-dc boost converter and Dc-Ac converter.
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Studyjehill3
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Study
Julie Hettinger, Food for the Hungry
Nutrition Working Group Showcase
CORE Group Spring Meeting, April 29, 2010
Approaches To Nutritional Health Awareness And First Aid In Students With Spe...John Berberich
Video: https://youtu.be/xwVOthcoA-U
Approaches to Nutritional Health Awareness and First Aid in Students with Special Needs - Amy Wang, John Berberich, Moizz Akhtar, Aviv Crish, Rahil Desai, Trivianne Franklin, Forest Gries, Navedeep Kaur, Ryan Pavelka, Catherine Shanahan, Kate Whelihan, Joy Lewis DO
AT Still University
Dal convegno "Alimentazione, stili di vita e salute dei bambini" - 4 maggio 2010, Roma. Childhood obesity in the United States: key administration initiatives - Suzanne Heinen
School Lunch ProgramProblems affecting student eating habits..docxkenjordan97598
School Lunch Program
Problems affecting student eating habits.
Solution
s to problem affecting students healthy eating.
Toby Markham
Kaplan University
National school lunch program
This is a program that has been put in place to help enhance student healthy eating habit.
The program ensure the right proportions of nutrients are put in the meals.
This program has faced some challenges like students failing to pay for the program.
Students from rich families opt to take food at home and skip school food.
National lunch program is a program introduced in schools to help prepare healthy foods for the learners. This program has been faced with challenges like student not wanting to participate in the program. Mostly student from rich families do not want to participate while children from low income family want to participate. These student are stigmatized since other students are buying their own food (Gordon, 2003).
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Issues related to unhealthy eating
Issue of obesity has been on rise as a result of unhealthy eating habits in schools
Students from rich families tends to take junks or eat at home and skip school lunch.
Student from poor or low income families tend to pay for school foods unlike children from rich families.
National lunch program has faced stigmatization.
Unhealthy eating leads to obesity which ahs become a major issue today. Student have access to junk foods which are high in calories value and forego school lunch
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Obesity problem
Obesity condition has been at rise for the last many years.
Availability of junk foods which are high in calories value has lead to increased students cases of obesity.
Problem associated with children school diet is obesity caused by consumption of unhealthy processed food such as canning, freezing and milling.
These food are very high on calories.
Availability of junk foods in schools ahs been the major cause of unhealthy eating leading to obesity condition increase
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Other Problems
Students from rich family view healthy eating as denial of their favorite delicacies and are not willing to let go of these foods.
In many schools there is presence of venders machine and cafes which are always ready to provide junk foods.
Students who participate in healthy eating programs feel stigmatized since others are buying their own foods.
Attitude that healthy eating habit is seen as punishment by many student and are not ready to participate in the program. Sometime they eat at home and forego school meals.
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How to enhance healthy eating
Ensure that vending machines and café are eradicated from the school vicinity.
Directors should ensure that the cooks use right proportion in making foods.
Prices of foods in school should be reduced so that all students can afford the food.
Program management of national school lunch program should ensure continuous improvement of foods offered in school.
To solve the problem of unhealthy eating in schools cafes and vending machin.
1. Elizabeth M. Madison
Competencies
DI 1.1 Select appropriate indicators and measure achievement of clinical, programmatic, quality,
productivity, economic or other outcomes
DI 1.5 Conduct research projects using appropriate research methods, ethical procedures and statistical
analysis
Project Description - Conduct a cafeteria based research project on an agreed upon thesis statement on
a topic of interest to you and the food service director in the areas of marketing, operations, nutrition
education and promotion or sustainability.
Research Question
Would a survey completed by students provide information that could be used to improve the Edison
School District Breakfast in the Classroom program in order to increase the daily participation rate?
Hypothesis
My hypothesis is that a survey would provide data that could be used to increase the average daily
participation rate of the breakfast program.
There is a substantial body of evidence-based research about successful breakfast program models.
Studies conducted by the National Dairy Council and the Child Nutrition Foundation, The Action for
Healthy Kids and The Food Research and Action Center (FRAC) indicate that a highly effective strategy
to improve breakfast program participation is to conduct student-focused surveys that can provide
feedback to enable school districts to customize their breakfast programs for maximum participation.
The Breakfast in the Classroom program at the Edison School District, implemented in October, 2011 in
three elementary and two middle schools was launched with limited promotion or marketing. A well-
designed implementation plan that integrated feedback from students, parents and teachers, and also
took into account food service operations, had not yet been developed. The breakfast program
structure employed a pre-order process, which resulted in a low average daily participation rate. To
address this problem, the district superintendent instituted a new policy that replaced the pre-ordering
process with an unsolicited breakfast meal distribution approach for all free and reduced meal eligible
students. Paid students, however, still had to pre-order breakfast. This approach, though more
successful, still did not yield the anticipated daily participation rate. In addition, a high number of
breakfast meals are returned daily, which increases food cost and waste. Lastly, the distinction between
free and reduced students became obvious in the classroom setting since only those students receive
the breakfast meal bags. This has a stigmatizing effect which negatively impacts the daily participation
rate and results in returned meal bags. These last two issues were particularly prevalent and systemic in
the middle school.
To identify the factors that influence students’ decisions to participate in the breakfast program and
receive input into menu development, a survey was proposed. The survey was designed to elicit
responses about students’ breakfast consumption habits, and food preferences and dislikes. The
information obtained from the survey responses could supply Chartwells and the school district with
information that could lead to the development of an effective marketing strategy and an appealing
breakfast menu, potentially resulting in increased daily participation.
1
2. Elizabeth M. Madison
Target Population
Middle school students were the target population for this survey. This population was chosen due to
the exceptionally low daily participation rate, the high rate of returned breakfast meals and the negative
response created by the mandatory breakfast meal distribution policy for free and reduced meal eligible
students.
Sample Size
The average daily population for Thomas Jefferson Middle School is 750. Given a 95% confidence level
with a confidence interval of 4, the minimum sample size required to reliably represent the middle
school population was 334. This sample size ensured that a sufficient number of breakfast program
participating students completed the survey, as the majority of the students are not participating.
750 surveys were distributed, 571 were returned, and 217 were incomplete and thus could not be used.
354 were completed accurately and used for data collection, which exceeded the required minimal
sample size.
Intervention
A survey was used to conduct the breakfast feedback study.
Control
Due to the survey design, a control group was not necessary.
Timeframe
The survey was conducted on February 12, 2012. The completed surveys were returned on February 13,
2012.
Location
The survey was conducted at the Thomas Jefferson Middle School.
Methodology
The survey was designed with feedback from the school principal, two teachers, and food service
management during food service advisory committee meetings. The survey contained 16 questions: 1
open-ended, 5 with yes/no responses, 5 with multiple choice responses, 4 with single choice responses,
and 1 with a ranked response.
The anonymous survey was distributed to all present and available students in the 6th, 7th and 8th grades
by teachers during homeroom on February 12, 2012.
The returned surveys were reviewed for completeness. Surveys that were not complete were
disqualified from the data analysis. Each question was tallied separately using an an Excel workbook to
record results.
Results
The survey yielded valuable data about students’ breakfast consumption patterns, food preferences and
the correlation between nutrition knowledge, behavior and motivation. The following are key findings.
2
3. Elizabeth M. Madison
Breakfast consumption patterns
The majority of students ate breakfast at least 5 days a week (81%). 11% ate breakfast only 3-4 times
per week. 8% never ate breakfast. The main reason for not eating breakfast was due to lack of hunger.
Only 30% of children who ate breakfast at home had milk and a juice or fruit as part of the meal.
216 (61%) of students did not eat breakfast in school. 138 (39%) ate breakfast in school at least once a
week.
Breakfast program participation
The students who never participate in the breakfast program cited the following reasons for not doing
so:
don’t like the menu - 82%
not enough time to eat breakfast - 62%
don’t like eating breakfast in the classroom - 15%
would rather eat breakfast in the cafeteria - 9%
Breakfast program issues for participating students
The students who did participate in the breakfast program at least one day a week cited the following
concerns:
don’t like the menu - 69%
o would like to have a hot breakfast
o want more variety for certain food items (see food preferences section below)
not enough time to eat breakfast - 69%
don’t like eating breakfast in the classroom - 8%
would rather eat breakfast in the cafeteria - 15%
Food preferences
The food preference results were combined for participating and non-participating students. The
responses provided insight into students’ palates.
65% of surveyed students requested a complete, hot breakfast. They suggested pancakes, waffles,
home fries and bacon.
In the pastry category, the number one requested item was Pop-Tarts (168 respondents) followed
closely by bagels (132). Other requested items were:
more cereal choices throughout the month, e.g. Frosted flakes, Trix, Cocoa Puffs
more muffin flavors, e.g. chocolate chip was requested most often
oatmeal with toppings
granola bars
For beverages, chocolate milk was requested (52 respondents). Tea and coffee was requested (46),
however, only by eighth graders.
Breakfast promotion campaign ideas
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4. Elizabeth M. Madison
Of the five ideas presented, the idea that was ranked highest was ‘special events and promotions about
breakfast’ (213 respondents). The second highest ranking idea was messages about the health benefits
of breakfasts (164).
Discussion
The survey provided valuable feedback which can be used to improve menu offerings and promotion
strategies. Though hot breakfast was requested frequently, the original breakfast program implemented
in the 2010-2011 school year did feature hot breakfast, however, participation was low, hence the
program structure modification to the Breakfast in the Classroom model. Studies have shown that a
cafeteria - based breakfast program is only effective if students have ample time to arrive to school and
eat breakfast before classes start. This may not be feasible given the tight school day schedule.
The studies mentioned earlier confirm the survey’s findings regarding menu offerings and promotion
strategies. Students desire a significant amount of variety in breakfast items and become quickly
disinterested in repetitive menus. Menu promotion is a critical element to increasing daily participation.
Some evidence - based strategies include advertising of breakfast menu using social media, e.g.
Facebook and Twitter; school websites, public announcements, promoting breakfast during lunch with
flyers; and sponsoring contests for breakfast meal consumption. Food samplings, especially for new
breakfast items, are an extremely effective strategy. These ideas can be implemented with minimal cost
and could potentially increase the breakfast program participation rate.
The data regarding the low number of students reporting consumption of a complete breakfast at home
– a meal that includes milk and a fruit or fruit juice – provides an excellent opportunity to promote the
breakfast program. A marketing strategy could be developed that would promote the nutritionally –
sound, complete breakfast that is provided at no or low cost.
Some limitations of the survey were the high number of incomplete surveys. More clearly defined
instructions for each question may have resulted in more accurately completed surveys, yielding a
higher sample size. The nutrition education/behavioral change questions did not yield significantly
useful information. The students may have been experiencing survey fatigue by the time they
completed the questions and did not answer accurately or honestly. Another study exclusively focused
on behavioral change and nutrition education could be developed if so desired.
The research hypothesis that proposed that a survey would provide data that could be used to increase
the average daily participation rate was proven. The responses provided yielded significantly reliable
information (confidence level = 95%) in which to modify the Breakfast in the Classroom Program to
increase participation. However, to truly test the effectiveness of the survey, the changes to the menu
and promotional strategy would have to be implemented and the participation rate tracked following
implementation. In addition, the survey would have to be completed again to assess any changes in
responses. The Robert J. Wood Foundation funded several studies that used this approach. The results
of the second survey confirmed that the data derived from the first survey did result in greater
participation. To implement this strategy, a commitment from the school district would be required, as
there are several program components, particularly the marketing strategy, which would require buy-in
from the school administration.
Conclusion
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5. Elizabeth M. Madison
This research can add to the existing body of evidence regarding effective strategies for breakfast
programs. It can also result in significant, quantitative and qualitative improvements in the Edison
School District breakfast program. If the program is successful, it can be replicated in other Chartwells’
accounts.
References
1. National Dairy Council and the Child Nutrition Foundation. Marketing Strategies to Increase
Breakfast Participation. 2009.
2. The Action for Healthy Kids. Helping Students Make Better Food Choices in School, A Report.
2006.
3. The Food Research and Action Center (FRAC). School Breakfast in America’s Big Cities. 2007.
4. Robert J. Wood Foundation. Breakfast First: Promotion & Outreach for Effective School
Breakfast Programs. 2011.
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