Optimizing Apps for Better Performance

Optimizing Apps for Better
Performance
Elif Boncuk
Software Specialist @ Garanti Teknoloji

#dfist
Who am I?
➢Hacettepe - Computer Engineering (2006 - 2011)
➢Garanti Technology - Mobile Applications Team (2011- )
➢MBA Student @BAU (2014 - )
➢Blogger (2010 - )
➢Photographer
@elifbon_
+ElifBoncuk
www.elifboncuk.wordpress.com

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Be Faster!
➢Gather Information
➢Gain Insight
➢Take Action

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4 Major Steps
➢Rendering
➢Compute
➢Memory
➢Battery

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Rendering
Udacity: Android Performance

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Rendering...

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Rendering...
MEASURE
EXECUTE
RECORD
LAYOUT
CPU
RASTERIZATION GPU
F
L
O
W
PROBLEM
OVERDRAW
LAYOUTS &
INVALIDATIONS
PROBLEM

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Rasterization

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Overdraw
➢Overdraw is a term used to describe how many times a pixel on the screen has been redrawn in
a single frame.

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Overdraw...
1. On your mobile device, go to Settings and tapDeveloper Options.
2. In the Hardware accelerated rendering section, select Debug GPU
Overdraw.
3. In the Debug GPU overdraw popup, select Show overdraw areas.
4. Don't panic as your screen turns into a delirium of colors. The coloring
is provided to help you diagnose your app's display behavior.
http://developer.android.com/

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Overdraw…
5. The colors are hinting at the amount of overdraw on your screen
for each pixel, as follows:
True color: No overdraw
Blue: Overdrawn once
Green: Overdrawn twice
Pink: Overdrawn three times
Red: Overdrawn four or more times

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Overdraw…
How?
➢Eliminate unneeded backgrounds and
drawables
➢Define areas will hide portions of view
Best Practices:
➢getWindow().setBackgroundDrawable(null
➢android:background:”@null”

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Clipping
➢Clipping is an optimisation which can be defined as Android
framework knows overdraw is a problem and will go out of its
way to avoid drawing UI widgets that may be invisible in the final
image.
➢Canvas.quickReject()
➢Canvas.clipRect()
DRAWABLE
ZONE
Canvas.clipRect()
20dp
20dp 20dp
20dp

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CPU Optimizations

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Hierarchy Viewer

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Hierarchy Viewer
Bird's-eye view
Tree Overview
Tree View
View Properties
Nodes

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Hierarchy Viewer
Each view in your subtree gets three dots, which
can be green, yellow, or red.
The left dot represents the Draw Process of the
rendering pipeline.
The middle dot represents the Layout Phase.
The right dot represents the Execute Phase.

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Hierarchy Viewer
The color of the dots indicates the relative performance of this node
in respect to all other profiled nodes.
Green means the view renders faster than at least half of the
other views.
Yellow means the view renders faster than the bottom half of the
other views.
Red means the view is among the slowest half of views.

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Compute
➢Slow Function Performance

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Profiling with Traceview
➢Traceview is a graphical viewer for execution logs that you create by using the Debug class to log
tracing information in your code. Traceview can help you debug your application and profile its
performance.

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Profiling with Traceview

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Batching and Caching
TARGET ARRAY TARGET VALUES
Look at all
that
overhead!

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Blocking the UI Thread

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How to Solve?
Android's single thread model:
1. Do not block the UI thread
2. Do not access the Android UI toolkit
from outside the UI thread

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How to Solve?
public void onClick(View v) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
final Bitmap bitmap =
loadImageFromNetwork("http://example.com/image.png")
;
mImageView.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
});
}
}).start();
}
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Bitmap b =
loadImageFromNetwork("http://example.com/image.p
ng");
mImageView.setImageBitmap(b);
}
}).start();
}

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How to Solve?
new DownloadImageTask().execute("http://example.com/image.png");
}
private class DownloadImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap> {
/** The system calls this to perform work in a worker thread and
* delivers it the parameters given to AsyncTask.execute() */
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... urls) {
return loadImageFromNetwork(urls[0]);
}
/** The system calls this to perform work in the UI thread and delivers
* the result from doInBackground() */
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
mImageView.setImageBitmap(result);
}
}

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Analyzing UI Performance with Systrace
➢The Systrace tool allows you to collect and inspect timing information across an entire Android
device, which is called a trace.
Trace.beginSection("Data Structures");
// TODO:
Trace.endSection();

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Bad Performance Example

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Memory
Basic Principles of Garbage Collection:
➢Find data objects in a program that cannot be accesed in the future.
➢Reclaim the resources used by those objects.

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Memory Monitor
Memory Monitor reports in real-time how your app allocates memory.
➢ Showing available and used memory in a graph, and garbage collection events over time.
➢ Quickly testing whether app slowness might be related to excessive garbage collection events.
➢ Quickly testing whether app crashes may be related to running out of memory.
Dark blue: Amount of memory that your app is currently using.
Light blue: Available, unallocated memory.

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Heap Viewer
Heap Viewer reports in real-time what types of objects your application has allocated, how many, and their sizes
on the heap.
➢ Getting a sense of how your app allocates and frees memory.
➢ Identifying memory leaks.
➢ 5.0+

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Heap Viewer

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Allocation Tracker
Allocation Tracker records an app's memory allocations and lists all allocated objects for the profiling cycle with their call
stack, size, and allocating code.
➢Identifying where many similar object types, from roughly the same call stack, are allocated and deallocated over a very
short period of time.
➢Finding the places in your code that may contribute to inefficient memory use.

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Battery

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Batterystats & Battery Historian
Batterystats collects battery data from your device, and Battery Historian converts that data into an HTML
visualization that you can view in your Browser.
➢Showing you where and how processes are drawing current from the battery.
➢Identifying tasks in your app that could be deferred or even removed to improve battery life.
➢5.0+

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battery_level: When the battery level was recorded and logged.
top: The application running at the top.
wifi_running: Shows that the Wi-Fi network connection was active.
screen: Screen is turned on.
phone_in_call: Recorded when the phone is in a call.
wake_lock: App wakes up, grabs a lock, does small work, then goes back to sleep. running: Shows when the CPU is awake. Check whether it is
awake and asleep when you expect it to be.
wake_reason: The last thing that caused the kernel to wake up. If it's your app, determine whether it was necessary.
mobile_radio: Shows when the radio was on. Starting the radio is battery expensive. Many narrow bars close to each other can indicate opportunities
for batching and other optimizations.
gps: Indicates when the GPS was on. Make sure this is what you expect.
sync: Shows when an app was syncing with a backend.

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Battery History: A time series of power-relevant events, such as screen, Wi-Fi, and app launch.
These are also visible through Battery Historian.
Per-PID Stats: How long each process ran.
Statistics since last charge: System-wide statistics, such as cell signal levels and screen
brightness. Provides an overall picture of what's happening with the device. This information is
especially useful to make sure no external events are affecting your experiment.
Estimated power use (mAh) by UID and peripheral: This is currently an extremely rough estimate
and should not be considered experiment data.
Per-app mobile ms per packet: Radio-awake-time divided by packets sent. An efficient app will
transfer all its traffic in batches, so the lower this number the better.
All partial wake locks: All app-held wakelocks, by aggregate duration and count.

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JobScheduler
Google IO 2014: Project Volta

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JobScheduler
private void pollServer() {
mWakeLockMsg.setText("Polling the server! This day sure went by fast.");
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
mWakeLock.acquire();
mWakeLockMsg.append("Connection attempt, take " + i + ":n");
mWakeLockMsg.append(getString(R.string.wakelock_acquired));
// Always check that the network is available before trying to connect. You don't want
// to break things and embarrass yourself.
if (isNetworkConnected()) {
new SimpleDownloadTask().execute();
} else {
mWakeLockMsg.append("No connection on job " + i + "; SAD FACE");
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
mWakeLockMsg.append("n" + result + "n");
releaseWakeLock();
}

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JobScheduler
mServiceComponent = new ComponentName(this,
MyJobService.class);
@Override
public boolean onStartJob(JobParameters params) {
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Totally and completely working
on job " + params.getJobId());
// First, check the network, and then attempt to
connect.
if (isNetworkConnected()) {
new SimpleDownloadTask() .execute(params);
return true;
} else {
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "No connection on job " +
params.getJobId() + "; sad face");
}
return false;
}
public void pollServer() {
JobScheduler scheduler = (JobScheduler)
getSystemService(Context.JOB_SCHEDULER_SERVICE);
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
JobInfo jobInfo = new JobInfo.Builder(i,
mServiceComponent)
.setMinimumLatency(5000) // 5
seconds
.setOverrideDeadline(60000) // 60
seconds (for brevity in the sample)
.setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_ANY)
// WiFi or data connections
.build();
mWakeLockMsg.append("Scheduling job " + i +
"!n");
scheduler.schedule(jobInfo);
}
}

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Hunter S. Thompson
“Life should not be a journey to the
grave with the intention of arriving
safely in a pretty and well preserved
body, but rather to skid in broadside in
a cloud of smoke, throughly used up,
totally worn out, and loudly
proclaiming “Wow! What a ride!””

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Questions?
@elifbon_
+ElifBoncuk
www.elifboncuk.wordpress.com
Thank you!

Optimizing Apps for Better Performance

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