The document discusses several rock music genres including alternative metal, hard rock, grunge, and post-grunge. It provides information on the origins, stylistic characteristics, and history of development for each genre. Key bands that helped shape or define each genre are also mentioned, such as Nirvana for grunge and Black Sabbath for hard rock. The clothing styles commonly associated with each genre are also briefly touched upon.

1. Audience Research

2. Flyleaf Genre
The band's style has been identified as alternative metal, hard rock, heavy metal nu
metal, post-grunge, alternative rock, post-hardcore and "emo-metal". Because of the
many religious references in Flyleaf's music, they are also considered to be a Christian
rock and Christian metal band.
Lacey Sturm is a Christian. Her faith influenced their music, but former lead singer
Sturm doesn't believe that necessarily makes Flyleaf strictly a Christian band. The
band says they are Christians who play in a rock band, and their faith is heard within
their music. "We all share the same faith.“
New lead singer May has felt the band's fans believe she's "not Christian enough"
despite professing to be a Christian. She also hopes that people don't discount the
band by using the "Christian" label.
Though the band relies on themes transcending many faiths and ways of life, they
insist being a Christian will always be a part of them and influence their writing.

3. Alternative Metal
Alternative metal is a style of rock music that usually combines elements of heavy
metal with influences from its parent-genre alternative rock, and other genres not
normally associated with metal.
Alternative metal bands are often characterized by heavy guitar riffs, melodic vocals,
sometimes harsh vocals, unconventional sounds within other heavy metal genres,
unconventional song structures and sometimes experimental approaches to heavy
music. The term has been in usage since the 1980s, although it came into prominence
in the 1990s. It has spawned several subgenres, including rap metaland funk metal,
which have both influenced another prominent subgenre, nu metal, which expands
the alternative metal sound, commonly adding influences from hip hop, groove metal,
grunge, and sometimes industrial metal.
The emergence of grunge as a popular style of rock music in the early 1990s helped
make alternative metal more acceptable to a mainstream audience, with alternative
metal soon becoming the most popular metal style of the 1990s. Several bands
associated with the genre denied their status as metal bands.

4. History of Alternative Metal
The origins of the genre can be traced back to funk rock music of the early to mid-
1980s, when alternative bands like Fishbone, Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili
Peppers started mixing heavy metal with funk, creating the alternative metal subgenre
funk metal.Other early bands in the genre also came from hardcore punk
backgrounds. During the 1980s, alternative metal appealed mainly to alternative rock
fans, since virtually all 1980s alt-metal bands had their roots in the American
independent rock scene.
In the mid-1990s, a second wave of alternative metal emerged. In this wave, an
alternative metal genre called nu metal developed and went on to become a very
popular genre of music. Nu metal often relied more on thrash metal, groove metal and
hip hop influences, as opposed to the influences of the first wave of alternative metal
bands, with this style subsequently becoming more popular than standard alternative
metal.

5. Post Grunge
Post-grunge is a subgenre of alternative rock and hard rock that emerged in the mid-
1990s as a derivative of grunge, using the sounds and aesthetic of grunge, but with a
more commercially accessible tone. This made post-grunge bands such as Foo
Fighters, Nickelback, Bush, Creed, and Matchbox Twenty among the most
commercially successful rock acts of the late 1990s and early 2000s.
With their more commercially-friendly sound, post-grunge bands were among the
biggest selling rock artists of the later 1990s and early 2000s in the US, gaining
considerable airplay and able to compete with alternative metal and rap rock
bands.Partly because of their more mainstream sound and greater commercial
success post-grunge bands were criticised by some fans and in the music press for
their artistic limitations and lack of authenticity in comparison with original grunge
bands.

6. History of Post Grunge
In the early ‘90s, the four major Seattle grunge groups – Nirvana, Pearl Jam,
Soundgarden and Alice in Chains – took over from hair-metal as the most popular rock
genre.
Once this first-generation of post-grunge bands began to lose commercial momentum
near the end of the ‘90s, alt-metal and rap-rock swooped in to assert their dominance.
But that didn’t mean that post-grunge went away. To the contrary, the genre morphed
and, in some ways, grew even more popular. With their more commercially-friendly
sound, post-grunge bands were among the biggest selling rock artists of the later
1990s and early 2000s in the US.
As rock music enters the 2010s, several emerging groups have made their name by
continuing the post-grunge tradition.

7. Hard Rock
Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music which began in the mid-1960s,
with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a heavy use of
aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often
accompanied with pianos and keyboards.
Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often
emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using
repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument.
Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a
backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in
conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing
for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming
or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice.

8. History of Hard Rock
Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such
as Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen. During the
1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more
towards pop rock,while others began to return to a hard rock sound. Established
bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and it reached a commercial peak in the
1980s, with glam metal bands like Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of
Guns N' Roses, which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade.
Hard rock began losing popularity with the commercial success of grunge and later
Britpop in the 1990s.
Despite this, many post-grunge bands adopted a hard rock sound and in the 2000s
there came a renewed interest in established bands, attempts at a revival, and new
hard rock bands that emerged from the garage rock and post-punk revival scenes. In
the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain
highly successful recording careers.
The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues,
which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style,
heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden
texture, and posturing performances.

9. Key Bands and Artists
Black Sabbath are an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist
and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy
Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.

10. Nirvana was an American rock band that was formed by singer and guitarist Kurt
Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington, in 1987. Nirvana went
through a succession of drummers, the longest-lasting being Dave Grohl, who joined
the band in 1990. Despite releasing only three full-length studio albums in their seven-
year career, Nirvana has come to be regarded as one of the most influential and
important rock bands of the modern era.

11. Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1987 by
guitarist and songwriter Jerry Cantrell and original lead vocalist Layne Staley. The
initial lineup was rounded out by drummer Sean Kinney and bassist Mike Starr, who
was replaced in 1993 by Mike Inez.

12. The Pretty Reckless is an American rock band from New York City. The current
members are Taylor Momsen (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Ben Phillips (lead guitar,
backing vocals), Mark Damon (bass) and Jamie Perkins (drums).

13. Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group
consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John
Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound,
rooted in blues and psychedelia on their early albums, has earned them recognition as
one of the progenitors of heavy metal, though their unique style drew from a wide
variety of influences, including folk music and blues.

14. Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The
group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as
elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.

15. Album Covers

16. Mise-en-scene
Clothing commonly worn by grunge musicians in Washington consisted of thrift store
items and the typical outdoor clothing (most notably flannel shirts) of the region, as
well as a generally unkempt appearance. The clothing was quite cheap and durable,
and it went against the bright colours and flashy clothes of the 80’s.
In hard rock the clothing most commonly worn is black, very casual and comfortable
so as to allow movement on stage. Often just jeans and a t-shirt. There are some areas
of rock music that have contain excessive make up and costumes, but hard rock tends
to be more casual.
Alternative metal is also very dark, often slightly dressier than either hard rock or
grunge musicians. Leather and chains can be incorporated into the mise-en-scene of
the genre, but the most common aspect of it is just that its black.

17. Ideologies of the genres
All three of the genres contain the same general ideologies. The characteristics most
commonly associated with these genres are loud, heavy and often distorted guitars,
emotive and culturally relevant lyrics, sometimes to do with government and politics,
the role that alcohol and drugs plays in the world and most often the lyrics have to do
with the idea of being a loner, or vulnerable in they eyes of todays society. In terms of
clothing, the ideologies for all genres are usually black, relaxed clothing, ripped
clothing, and casual clothing.
When it comes to music videos however, there is no clear ideology, even within the
singular genres, because bands throughout the multiple genres have very different
approaches to music videos, and therefore create different music videos to other
bands within the same category. This often has to do with the personal sound, mood,
style and generally the personalities of the band, they all want to create something
that is special and relevant to them, and therefore there is no way to pinpoint the
ideologies from the music videos of these three genres.

18. Motivations of the Post Grunge
audience
Most grunge fans and music critics believe that grunge emerged as a popular genre
and was embraced by mainstream audiences in reaction to the declining popularity of
glam metal. People began to lose interest in the flamboyancy of glam metal and
instead became interested in the casual and laid back image that grunge rock
presented. This is still a mentality that the audience of post-grunge holds today, an
appreciation of the simplicity and underground sound that the genre holds.

19. Motivations of the audience
The motivations for this particular audience is self-expression, these particular genres
have a very unique and convoluted audience that completely immerse themselves
within the music style. They have their on look, and outlook and attitude, which is
their motivation, to be expressive.