EHTISHAM ALI HUSSAINBAGF15E258University College Of Agriculture, University of Sargodha shamu.hassan.eh@gmail.com

1. PRESENTATION
Entomology 402

2. EHTISHAM ALI HUSSAIN
BAGF15E258
University College Of Agriculture, University of Sargodha

3. Topic:
INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLES
Cabbage Butterfly

4. CABBAGE BUTTERFLY
TAXONOMY
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Uniramia
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pieridae
Genus: Pieris
Species: Pieris brassicae

5. Host Range
• larvae preferred sarson , cabbage , mustard
• whereas toria was less preferred
• cabbage is most susceptible to attack by P.
brassicae,
• Many other plants are affected by P.brassicae
like Swede,Black mustard,
Cauliflowers,Broccoli,Turnip rape,Caper
bush,Lavender

6. Distribution
• The large white is common
throughout Europe, North Africa , Asia even
through the Himalayas.
• often in agricultural areas, meadows and
parkland.

7. Identification
Eggs:
• The large white eggs appear as a pale yellow colour. They
turn into a darker yellow within twenty-four hours of
being oviposited. A few hours prior to hatching, they will
become black in colour, and the shell will become more
transparent, and the larvae will appear visible.

10. Larvae
• Pale yellow or greenish yellow
• Newly-emerged larvae are yellow with shiny black heads
• After the first moult the colour changes to yellowish-green
• On the back and sides there are numerous hair-topped
tubercles, which give the larva a rugose texture
• Fully-fed larvae are 45 mm long
• The head is bluish-grey with black patches.

12. Pupae
• Length 20 mm
• Pale green or greyish-white and dotted with black and yellow
markings.
• Several blunt spikes are also found on the abdomen.
• Found on walls, fencing, tree-trunks and stones, or under
roofs and branches,

13. Adult
• Large
• Body blackish
• Wing yellowish white with a black patch on apical angle of
each forewing
• The head, thorax and abdomen are black with grey hair-like
scales.

14. Male
• The upperside of the male is creamy white.
• The forewing is irrorated (sprinkled) with black scales
• Hindwing: uniform, irrorated
• The underside of the forewing is white
• The antennae are black and white at apex

15. Female
• Female bears black spots on the upper side of each forewing
• The upperside of the female is similar to that of the male, but
the irroration of black scales at the bases of the wings is more
extended.
• Wingspan 55-70 mm, with females being larger than the
males
• The black discal spots on forewing are much larger

17. Life cycle
• The females place their eggs (about 200/female)
in groups on the lower side of host leaves.
• The larvae prefer the morphology of leaf
undersides over the upper surface of leaves
• Most females choose nectar plants
• The eggs hatch in 2 weeks
• Larvae period lasts for 3 weeks
• Pupal period is for 2 weeks
• The pest raises 3-5 annual generations

20. Damage:
• This insect pest feeds on all Cole crops (cabbage family plants)
• The larvae feed and damage the leaves by making big holes in
them
• Reducing the photosynthetic area of plant
• When heads develop feed on the outer leaves and bore into
the center

21. Control
ETL: 20 larvae/l0 plants
Cultural Control:
 cauliflower fields planted from May to July
covered with netting
 Covering the crop for 4-5 weeks in the first few weeks after
planting was sufficient to exclude and control P. brassicae
collection and destruction of eggs cluster and larvae.
Chemical control:
Spary LUFENURON EC 200ml/acre
SPINOSAD SC 80ml/acre
Other chemical are Fenvalerate Deltamethrin

22. Biological control
• Apantelese spp. Is a larval parasitoid of
cabbage butterfly.
• Larvae killed by Cotesia glomerata and
Pteromalus puparum
• Other important enemies are Phryxe
vulgaris which kill the pupae

23. ento

24. ENTO402
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