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- 1. TYPES OF ROCKS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND WEATHERING for Earth and Life Science/ Grade 11 Quarter 1 / Week 3
- 2. 2 FOREWORD Dear students of Senior High School. Welcome back to this week’s module where you will journey to the new lesson. This module will serve as a guide in identifying different type of rocks and its characteristics. In addition, you will also be acquiring ideas about how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion. It will be your aid as you learn new scientific words, ideas, and enrich your existing knowledge about scientific concepts. In this module you will be gaining knowledge in identifying different type of rocks and its characteristics and weathering. It is our sincere aim to provide you with relevant activities, exercises and assessment that we believe would be necessary in order for you to acquire the appropriate information. The activities in this module are easily and carefully made for you to enjoy while learning. Your time, effort and active involvement in all these activities will really make a difference for you. Remember that we will continue and never stop in sharpening and widening your knowledge about the different topics in Earth and Life Science.
- 3. 3 LEARNING COMPTENCIES: ➢ Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11ES-Ic-6) ➢ Explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere. (S11/12ES- Ib-12) OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson, the learners shall be able to: K: Identify the different types of rock, S: Describe the various characteristics of the different types of rock, and A: Show awareness on how weathering affects soil and living organisms
- 4. 4 I. WHAT HAPPENED Activity 1: Let’s Play! 4 pics 1 word! Directions: Identify the word indicated in the 4 pictures. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
- 5. 5 Activity 2: Guess Me! Direction: Arrange the scrambled letters inside the box to form the correct words related to weathering and write the answer in your notebook. 1. 2. ________________ _______________ 3. 4. ________________ _______________ 5. _______________ SEMOENTATINDI UFLMODW SPMLU GWEHINATER ENOSIRO
- 6. 6 II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=classifying+rocks+activtities&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi5tKSe rozqAhVIb5QKHeKsAeMQ2- cCegQIABAA&oq=classifying+rocks+activtities&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1Cp2gNYko4EYMSPBGgA cAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=img&ei=vePrXvnhGcje0QTi2Ya YDg&bih=625&biw=1366#imgrc=fXiTmIgNAm1lgM Rock Specimens
- 7. 7 WHAT IS A ROCK? -Rock is a naturally substance consisting of aggregate minerals Clumped together with other Earth materials through natural processes. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=classifying+rocks+activities&tbm=isch&chips=q:classifying+r ocks+activity,g_1:worksheet:ZA3QcbqzTtQ%3D&hl=en&ved=2ahUKEwiGyfK_rozqAhVvE6YKHV30 CJkQ4lYoAHoECAEQFA&biw=1349&bih=576#imgrc=YzD0BxdurQ8sVM Classification of Rocks 1. IGNEOUS ROCKS – derived from the Latin word ignis meaning “fire” 2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – from the root word sediments which means “remaining particles” 3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS – meta means “change” and morph means “form”
- 8. 8 THE ROCK CYCLE - Is a diagram that shows the continuous succession of how rocks form, break down, and reform as a result of the processes that induces the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks begin as melted rocks (magma), and then in time, Crystallize and freeze, depending on the condition of the environment. Weathering, or the breaking down of rocks and soil, allows igneous rocks to be mixed with other Earth materials and be transported to another place. The mixture is compacted and cemented, resulting in
- 9. 9 sedimentary rocks. As rocks continue to move and be exposed to various heat and pressure, they change physically and chemically, sometimes causing the formation of metamorphic rocks. In some cases, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are pushed deep under the surface of the Earth until they sink into the mantle(subduction). In this case, they can transform to igneous rocks. Exogenous Processes (taken from the REX book of Earth and Life Science pp: 43-46) They are usually influenced or driven by gravity, water, wind and organisms. In extreme cases, these can wipe out majority of the organisms inhabiting the area. The following are the different types: ➢ Weathering – It is the disintegration of rocks, soil and minerals together with other materials through contact with Earth’s subsystems. This happens even without movement or transportation. It refers to the breaking down of soil and rocks and it occurs in situ or on the spot. It is the gradual destruction of rock under surface conditions, dissolving it, wearing it away or breaking it down into progressively smaller pieces. 2 types of weathering: • Physical weathering –Is the breaking down of rocks by mechanical forces concentrated along rock fractures. This can occur due to changes whether sudden or not, in temperature, pressure and etc. It does not just affect the earth. It can also affect
- 10. 10 some brick and stone buildings over time. In some cases, water, wind or ice may abrade or scrape rocks or soil. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=physical+weathering&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjo1u- ispDrAhVFy4sBHfkmDPkQ2- cCegQIABAA&oq=physical+weathering&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgYIABAHEB4yBg gAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHl DsJlilMmCvNWgAcAB4AIAB1wKIAZoGkgEFMi0yLjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&scli ent=img&ei=thwxX-ijD8WWr7wP- c2wyA8&bih=625&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=P9suVQG1KT04BM&imgdii=t9a1eWhTq-TAGM • Chemical weathering – Is the process by which rocks break down by chemical reactions. In this process, new or secondary minerals develop and sometimes replace the original properties of the minerals in the original rock or soil. Oxidation (the reaction of a substance with oxygen) and hydrolysis (the chemical breakdown of a substance when combined with water) are chemical processes that contribute to chemical weathering. It involves the decomposition or decay of rock. This type of weathering does not break rocks down but rather alters its chemical composition through carbonation, hydration, oxidation or hydrolysis.
- 12. 12 ➢ Mass wasting – This refers to the movement of large masses of materials (rock, debris, soil, mud) down a slope or a steep-sided hill or mountain due to the pull of gravity. It is very destructive in areas with increased water flow (such as rainfall or flash floods), Steep slopes, scarce or no vegetation, or vibrating or moving ground. Different forms of mass wasting: ✓ Debris flow – It happens when a large amount of sediments, usually rocks of various sizes, fall down the slope. Unlike a landslide, debris flow does not need water to flow down. ✓ Mudflow – It happens when combined soil and water flow down a slope. This usually happens near rivers or streams where soil or sand is always moist or has been soaked in water for a long time. https://www.google.com/search?q=erosion+in+mounta ins&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjCg57stZDrAhVF3pQKHcYBDg8Q2c CegQIABAA&oq=erosion+in+mount&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMg IIADIGCAAQBRAeOgQIABAYUMC3AViMvwFg28wBaABwAHgAgA GQBYgB • Erosion – It is the process by which Earth’s surface is worn away by wind, water, or ice. It moves rock debris or soil from one place to another. It takes place when there is rainfall, surface runoff, flowing rivers, flooding, seawater intrusion, freezing and thawing, hurricanes, wind and etc.
- 13. 13 ✓ Slump – It is a slow movement of soil along a curved surface. In time, the area would look curved because of the depression formed by the sinking land. ➢ Sedimentation – It is the accumulation of materials such as soil, rock fragments, and soil particles settling on the ground. This usually occurs in streams and sea erosion. In ocean, the sediment layer can form the ocean basin. Because geologic processes are constant, ocean basins change in size and depth. Activity 3: https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/process-of-sedimentation-vector-3510256
- 14. 14 A. Answer briefly the following: Direction: B.Match your answer of column A from column B by drawing a line. Column A 1. http://kendallalyse.blogspot.com/2012/03/mass-wasting.html Column B a. mudflow b. mass wasting c. weathering d. slump e. erosion 2. It is a slow movement of soil along a curved surface. 3. It is the process by which Earth’s surface is worn away by wind, water, or ice. 4. It refers to the breaking down of soil and rocks and it occurs in situ or on the spot. 5. It happens when combined soil and water flow down a slope.
- 15. 15 III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED Brain Challenge! Directions: A. TRUE/FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if Incorrect on the blank provided before each number. (2pts each) ______________ 1. Rock is a naturally substance consisting of aggregate minerals clumped together with other Earth materials through natural processes. ______________ 2. meta means “change” and morph means “heat” _______________ 3. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – from the root word sediments which means “remaining particles” ________________ 4. Igneous rocks begin as melted rocks (magma), and then in time, crystallize and freeze, depending on the condition of the environment. _________________ 5. Rock cycle is a diagram that shows the continuous succession of how rocks form, break down, and reform as a result of the processes that induces the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. B. Draw a if the statement is correct and if incorrect. _____ 1. Exogenous processes on Earth take place or in the interior of Earth.
- 16. 16 _____ 2. Oxidation refers to the reaction of a substance with oxygen. _____ 3. Sedimentation is the accumulation of materials such as soil, rock fragments, and soil particles settling on the ground. ____ 4. Physical weathering is the breaking down of rocks by mechanical forces concentrated along rock fractures. _____ 5. Unlike a landslide, debris flow needs water to flow down.
- 17. 17 References Books Earth and Life Science DIWA Senior High Series (pp. 39-42) Webpages https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=simple+rock+cycle+explanation&tbm=isch&ved=2ah UKEwivut2YsIzqAhVVAaYKHTUTDAgQ2- cCegQIABAA&oq=simple+rock+cycle+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgEMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIA DICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIAFCsxQFYitEBYIXmAWgAcAB4AIABvAOIAc8PkgEJMC 4xLjQuMS4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=yuXrXq- tJ9WCmAW1prBA&bih=576&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=K2dSX1YYzhHgMM “Freeze and Thaw: Causes of Physical Weathering”. Uploaded on September 29, 2014. https://www.flickr.com/photos/21728850@N02/15203576438. G, Harold. “Physical Weathering vs. Chemical Weathering”. Diifzi.com. https://diffzi.com/physical-weathering-vs-chemical-weathering/ Last Modified on May 11, 2020. “Mass Wasting”. Oceanside, California Blog. http://kendallalyse.blogspot.com/2012/03/mass- wasting.html. Posted THURSDAY, MARCH 8, 2012. Metageologist . “Erosion makes mountains beautiful”. http://all- geo.org/metageologist/2012/12/erosion-mountains-beautiful/ Posted December 9, 2012. “Natural Process of Sedimentation”. VectorStock. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free- vector/process-of-sedimentation-vector-3510256. “Physical vs. Chemical Weathering”. Quizlet.com. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=physical%20weathering&tbm=isch&hl=en&hl= e n&tbs=rimg%3ACeD8LYuNYy7kYRiMWD9QPZTw&sa=X&ved=0CB4QuIIBahcKEwiQuv_R gJ XrAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQCA&biw=1349&bih=638#imgrc=Jehi7Gf6UqxzUM&imgdii=4P w ti41jLuRv8M. “Physical Weathering”. The Geological Society of London. https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcycle/page3561.html
- 18. 18 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Acting CID Chief ADOLF P. AGUILAR OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D. OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent ROSELA R. ABIERA Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS) ARNOLD R. JUNGCO Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH) MARICEL S. RASID Librarian II (LRMDS) ELMAR L. CABRERA PDO II (LRMDS) MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO Writer ZENLI ROSE B. MONGCUPA Lay-out Artist BETA QA TEAM ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY MERCY G. DAGOY RANJEL D. ESTIMAR MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ JUSTIN PAUL KINAMOT ARJIE T. PALUMPA ALPHA Q A TEAM LIEZEL A. AGOR EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR. MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- 19. 19 SYNOPSIS This Module is all about how the three types of rocks and how it was formed. The occurrence of rocks is a naturally existing and the types are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock. It was formed through the process of rock cycle in which various geological processes happened. In addition, this module also discussed about and how the products weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere. These could be destructive occurrences that leave significant changes on the landscape and even in the ecosystem of an area. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ma. Ofelia I. Buscato, RN,LPT is a Registered Nurse and a Licensed Professional Teacher currently teaching Senior High School at Ong Che Tee Bacong High School located at Sacsac,Bacong, Negros Oriental. She completed the Comprehensive Academic Requirements(CAR) in her Masters of Education major in General Science at Foundation University. ANSWERS KEY Activity 1: 1 and 2. ROCK Activity 2: 1. WEATHERING 2. EROSION 3. SEDIMENTATION 4. MUDFLOW 5. SLUMP Activity 3: A. 1. magma 2.igneous rock 3. sediment 4. sedimentary rock 5. metamorphic rock B. 1. b 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. a What I have learned A. 1. TRUE 2. FALSE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. TRUE B. 2,3,4 1&5