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‫صوتيات‬
‫العمارة‬
‫الثالثة‬ ‫المرحلة‬
2015-2016
‫الخامسة‬ ‫المحاضرة‬
‫الخامسة‬ ‫المحاضرة‬ ‫مفردات‬
.
•
‫الصوتية‬ ‫المتطلبات‬
‫للقاعات‬
.
•
‫الماصة‬ ‫المواد‬
‫للصوت‬
.
‫للقاعات‬ ‫الصوتية‬ ‫المتطلبات‬
.
‫القا‬ ‫في‬ ‫مستمع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ضمان‬ ‫هو‬ ‫القاعات‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫من‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫الهدف‬ ‫ان‬
‫عة‬
‫المحاضر‬ ‫يقول‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يفهم‬
,
‫الكال‬ ‫وضوح‬ ‫بمشكلة‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫يتعلق‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫بتعبير‬ ‫و‬
‫م‬
,
‫اما‬
‫المتكلم‬ ‫لصوت‬ ‫الطبيعية‬ ‫الصفات‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫فهو‬ ‫االخر‬ ‫الهدف‬
,
‫ان‬ ‫نضمن‬ ‫بحيث‬
‫دون‬ ‫المحاضر‬ ‫انفعاالت‬ ‫و‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫نبرات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التجاوب‬ ‫يستطيع‬ ‫السامع‬
‫ان‬
‫تشويه‬ ‫لها‬ ‫يحدث‬
.
‫الكه‬ ‫الصوتية‬ ‫االنظمة‬ ‫و‬ ‫االجهزة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫في‬ ‫التوسع‬ ‫من‬ ‫بالرغم‬ ‫و‬
‫ربائية‬
‫االن‬ ‫القاعات‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫في‬
,
‫الخصائص‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المصمم‬ ‫يعفي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اال‬
‫القاعات‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الصوتية‬
,
‫المذكورة‬ ‫االهداف‬ ‫يضمن‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫تصميمها‬ ‫محاولة‬ ‫و‬
‫اعاله‬
.

‫انشئ‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الغرض‬ ‫بدراسة‬ ‫البدء‬ ‫هو‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫في‬ ‫االمثل‬ ‫الطريق‬ ‫ان‬
‫القاعة‬ ‫ت‬
‫القاعة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫خصائص‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اجله‬ ‫من‬
,
‫دراسة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫االنطالق‬ ‫ثم‬
‫القاعة‬ ‫لتلك‬ ‫المتطلبات‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫عناصر‬
.

‫التخطي‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تكمن‬ ‫القاعات‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫لدراسة‬ ‫المثلى‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫ان‬
‫العام‬ ‫ط‬
‫الق‬ ‫سطوح‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫و‬ ‫لها‬ ‫العام‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحجم‬ ‫و‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬ ‫للقاعات‬
‫اعة‬
‫االمتصاص‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬
.

‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ينتج‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫زمنيا‬ ‫الطويلة‬ ‫االنعكاسات‬ ‫تجنب‬ ‫منها‬ ‫والهدف‬
‫ب‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫نهتم‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫و‬ ‫السامع‬ ‫و‬ ‫المتكلم‬ ‫بين‬ ‫مسافة‬ ‫اقصر‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحافظة‬
‫االنعكاس‬
‫مسافتها‬ ‫تزيد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫االول‬
17
‫ال‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫المباشر‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫مسافة‬ ‫على‬ ‫مترا‬
‫يحصل‬
‫صدى‬
.
‫الم‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫بمعنى‬ ‫و‬
‫باشر‬
‫عن‬ ‫تزيد‬ ‫ال‬ ‫المنعكس‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫و‬
35
-
50
‫مل‬
/
‫ثانية‬
.

‫مقعر‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫تحوي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫القاعات‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬
,
‫تجمع‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫مراعاة‬ ‫فيجب‬
‫الصوتية‬ ‫الطاقة‬
,
‫مق‬ ‫بسطح‬ ‫واصطدمت‬ ‫الصوتية‬ ‫الموجات‬ ‫سارت‬ ‫فإذا‬
‫عر‬
‫ت‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫وهذا‬ ‫بؤرة‬ ‫في‬ ‫يتجمع‬ ‫الصوت‬ ‫فان‬
‫في‬ ‫لك‬
‫ابعا‬ ‫احد‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫مقعر‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫قاعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫وجد‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫انه‬ ‫يعني‬ ‫وهذا‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫تلك‬
‫د‬
‫ت‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫ستكون‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫التقعر‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫يساوي‬ ‫القاعة‬
‫جمع‬
‫عالية‬ ‫شدته‬ ‫وتكون‬ ‫صوتي‬
.

‫المقعر‬ ‫القاعة‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫تقوس‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫يساوي‬ ‫القاعة‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫كان‬ ‫اذا‬
‫فإن‬
‫الصوتية‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫تجمع‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫ستكون‬ ‫القاعة‬ ‫ارضية‬
,
‫ارتف‬ ‫ويحسب‬
‫القاعة‬ ‫اع‬
‫التالي‬ ‫بالشكل‬
:
‫الجدران‬ ‫ارتفاع‬
+
‫المقعر‬ ‫السطح‬ ‫او‬ ‫للقبة‬ ‫المضاف‬ ‫ارتفاع‬
‫فهم‬ ‫امكانية‬ ‫فان‬ ‫المستمعين‬ ‫جلوس‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ان‬ ‫باعتبار‬ ‫و‬
‫الكالم‬
‫صوتيا‬ ‫فاشلة‬ ‫القاعة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اي‬ ‫معدوم‬ ‫يكون‬
."

‫القب‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫في‬ ‫المصمم‬ ‫رغبة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الصوتي‬ ‫التجمع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫من‬ ‫للتخلص‬
‫في‬ ‫ة‬
‫التصميم‬
,
‫ي‬ ‫السقف‬ ‫تقعر‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫فان‬ ‫جامع‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫كان‬
‫ان‬ ‫جب‬
‫من‬ ‫اواقل‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫يساوي‬ ‫او‬ ‫القاعة‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫ضعف‬ ‫يساوي‬ ‫او‬ ‫اكبر‬ ‫يكون‬
‫القاعة‬ ‫ارتفاع‬
.
H/ 2 ≥ R ≥ 2H
‫أن‬ ‫حيث‬
:

‫تكون‬ ‫عندما‬
R
‫تساوي‬ ‫او‬ ‫اكبر‬
2H
‫يكون‬ ‫الصوتية‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫تجمع‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫فان‬
‫الجالسين‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫فال‬ ‫القاعة‬ ‫ارضية‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫دون‬
.

‫تكون‬ ‫عندما‬
R
‫من‬ ‫اصغر‬ ‫او‬ ‫تساوي‬
H/2
‫الصوتية‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫تجمع‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫فن‬
‫يكون‬ ‫وبذلك‬ ‫السامعين‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫من‬ ‫اعلى‬ ‫اي‬ ‫السقف‬ ‫الى‬ ‫اقرب‬ ‫وتكون‬
‫الصوتي‬ ‫التجميع‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫حدود‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫المستمعين‬
.

‫ابعاد‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وجد‬ ‫مستطيالت‬ ‫متوازي‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫على‬ ‫التي‬ ‫القاعات‬ ‫في‬
‫القاعة‬
‫صوتيا‬ ‫جيدة‬ ‫قاعة‬ ‫تجعلها‬ ‫التي‬
"
‫تمثل‬ ‫والتي‬
(
‫واالر‬ ‫والعرض‬ ‫الطول‬
‫تفاع‬
)
‫كاالتي‬ ‫هي‬
:
‫الطول‬
=
5
,
‫العرض‬
=
3
,
‫االرتفاع‬
=
2
‫مخطط‬
‫قاعة‬
‫صوتية‬
‫يظهر‬
‫مسار‬
‫الصوت‬
‫المباشر‬
‫والصوت‬
‫المنعكس‬
‫للصوت‬ ‫الماصة‬ ‫المواد‬
‫يتم‬
‫قياس‬
‫قابلية‬
‫المواد‬
‫المتصاص‬
‫الصوت‬
‫عبر‬
‫اختبارها‬
‫في‬
‫عدة‬
‫تر‬
‫ددات‬
‫صوتية‬
.
‫يمكن‬
‫ان‬
‫تصنع‬
‫المواد‬
‫الماصة‬
‫للصوت‬
‫من‬
‫االلياف‬
‫الزجاجية‬
‫أوالصوف‬
‫الصخري‬
،‫أوالرغوة‬
‫وغيرها‬
‫من‬
‫المواد‬
‫الماصة‬
‫للصوت‬
.
‫وتتصف‬
‫هذه‬
‫المواد‬
‫بقابلية‬
‫االمتصاص‬
‫العالية‬
‫عند‬
‫الترددات‬
،‫العالية‬
‫والمنخف‬
‫ضة‬
‫عند‬
‫الترددات‬
‫الواطئة‬
‫اعتمادا‬
‫على‬
‫نمط‬
‫المادة‬
‫وسمكها‬
.
‫وتعتمد‬
‫فعالية‬
‫المواد‬
‫الماصة‬
‫للصوت‬
‫على‬
‫مقاومة‬
‫تيار‬
‫الهواء‬
‫المرتبط‬
‫مع‬
‫االهتزازات‬
‫الصوت‬
‫ية‬
،‫للهواء‬
‫واكثر‬
‫فعالية‬
‫لها‬
‫تكون‬
‫في‬
‫الترددات‬
‫العالية‬
‫حيث‬
‫تكون‬
‫اقل‬
‫سمكا‬
‫مقارنة‬
‫مع‬
‫الطول‬
‫الموجي‬
‫للصوت‬
.
‫وبما‬
‫ان‬
‫االمتصاص‬
‫يقل‬
‫في‬
‫الترددات‬
‫المنخفضة‬
‫فان‬
‫المواد‬
‫المسامية‬
‫قليلة‬
‫السمك‬
‫لن‬
‫تكون‬
‫فعالة‬
‫في‬
‫الت‬
‫رددات‬
‫الماصة‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫استعماالت‬
‫امثلة‬
‫على‬
‫استخدام‬
‫المواد‬
‫الماصة‬
‫في‬
‫الجدران‬
‫واالرضي‬
‫ات‬
5_2020_11_12!12_01_34_AM.pptx

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5_2020_11_12!12_01_34_AM.pptx