This document discusses nearly zero energy buildings and beyond: 1) The European Directive requires all new buildings be nearly zero energy by 2020 and public buildings by 2018, with national plans to increase these types of buildings. Nearly zero energy means high energy performance with renewable energy sources covering energy use. 2) Solutions now include high-performance insulation reaching 0.006 W/mK and vacuum glazing. Future solutions move to energy surplus buildings using technologies like PV, heat pumps, and demand controls. 3) The future could see integration of infrastructure to create energy efficient communities, with communities producing surpluses traded on energy markets. The future potential of innovations in buildings and energy systems is positive.

1. Nearly Zero Energy Buildings and beyond
Hans Erhorn, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP)

2. Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP): Experiences
based on more than 250 Demonstration Projects all over the
World

3. Our field of business

4. The European Directive-EPBD
Nearly zero energy buildings
MS shall ensure that:
a. by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero energy buildings as
defined in Article 2(1a)
b. after 31 December 2018, public authorities that occupy and own a new
building shall ensure that the building is a nearly zero energy building as
defined in Article 2(1a).
MS shall draw up national plans for increasing the number of nearly zero energy
buildings. These national plans may include targets differentiated according to the
category of building.
MS shall furthermore, following the leading example of the public sector, develop policies
and take measures such as targets in order to stimulate the transformation of buildings
that are refurbished into nearly zero energy buildings, and inform the Commission thereof
in their national plans.

5. Definitions
(1a) “Nearly zero energy building” means a building that has a very high
energy performance, determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly
zero or very low amount of energy required should to a very significant
extent be covered by energy from renewable sources, including
renewable energy produced on-site or nearby.
The European Directive-EPBD

6. Definition
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energy use
current national
requirements
nearly zero or
very low amount
of energy required
energy supply
renewable energy
fossil fuel
(non-renewable)
primary energy
indicator

7. Solutions on different scales
7

8. ~ 20 years from first applications to the ground
- 4 kWh/m²a
- 8 kWh/m²a
The future potential of innovations

9. “PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMME
FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT
BUILDINGS”
The starting point (Step 1)
THE WAY TO NZEB AND BEYOND

10. 10
The KfW Promotional Program

11. A national assessment method should be ste but has to allow
that all innovative technologies could to be taken into account
The assesment method

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2007
2009
Winner of the US Solar Decathlon
Starting show cases and raod shows

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14. Setting up standards

15. Reliable Information

16. Awareness rising
Quelle: Wonungswirtschaft-heute.de

17. “DEVELOP AND INTRODUCE HIGH
PERFORMANCE CONSTRUCTIONS
AND BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS”
Solutions for the future (Step 2)

18. Example:
High performance insulation
Quelle: Saint-Gobain Weber

19. Rigid foam epoxy resin
(Phenolharz-Hartschaum)
>Thermal transmittance
l = 0,022 W/(m∙K)
Quelle: Schäfer und Kusmark
Quelle: Baunetz

20. Aerogele / Nanogele
• foamed CO2-Granulat
• l = 0,013 - 0,018 W/(m∙K)

21. Aerowoll
l = 0,019 W/mK poling wedges
Quelle: Rockwool

22. Vacuum insulation
Quelle: ECBCS Annex 39 High Performance Thermal Insulation Systems (HiPTI)
l = 0,006 W/mK (mean value)

23. Quelle: va-Q-tec
Quelle: Porextherm Quelle: Porextherm
Quelle: Porextherm
Vacuum insulation

24. Vacuum insulation

25. Vacuum glazing
Quelle: BMWi, EnOB,
Projekt: Produktionstechniken für Vakuum-Isolierglas (ProVIG)
Ug = 0,5 W/(m²K)
g = 0,54
t = 0,73

26. “EXTEND THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
OF BUILDING CONCEPTS TOWARDS
ENERGY SURPLUS”
Solutions for the future (Step 3)
From consumer  prosumer

27. A market development programme has been launched:
The Efficiency House Plus with E-Mobility
©BMVBS/Prof.Sobek

28. The topic is on the political agenda

29. An industry network is growing all over Germany:

30. The leading German builders are involved
©WeberHaus©SchwörerHaus
©FingerHaus©Huf-Haus
© Bien Zenker
© Prof. Fisch/ IGS TU Braunschweig

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Quelle: HHS Kassel
Photovoltaic system on the roof:
approx. 1000 modules (efficiency 19.7%) with
249 kWp
Photovoltaic system of the facade:
approx. 165 modules with 80 kWp
probably polycristalline blue
high efficiency even with low insolation,
acceptable price
Quo vadis – Effizienzhaus Plus?
„Active Town House“
of the ABG Frankfurt

32. High perform. fabric
PV (+ batteries)
Heat pumps
Solar DHW systems
(Hybrid) ventilation
Demand controls
Heat recov. >90%
Floor heating
LED Lighting
Class A+++ applianc.
Currntly most used tecchnologies

33. “INTEGRATE THE INFRASTRUCTURE”
 ENERGY EFFICIENT COMMUNITIES
Solutions for the future (Step 4)

34. Plus communities with allelectric solutions

35. Spotmarket EEX Leipzig (Heating season 2014/2015)

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Conclusion: The Future is positive