1. Urban Public Transport Development Strategic Priorities in China!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Dr. Jiang Yulin!
! Director, China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center (CATS)!
! Secretary General, National Technical Committee on Urban Passenger
Transport of Standardization Administration of China!
! Secretary General, National Committee on Rail Transit Operation
Management of China Urban Mass Transit Association!
Transforming Transportation 2013!

2. Urban Public Transport Development
Strategic Priorities in China
Dr. Jiang Yulin
Director, China Urban Sustainable Transport Research
Center, CATS, Ministry of Transport, P. R. China
Secretary General of National Technical Committee
on Urban Passenger Transport of Standardization
Administration of China
Secretary General of National Committee on Rail
Transit Operation Management of China Urban Mass
Transit Association

3. Contents
n Background & Key challenges
n Strategic Actions

4. 1. Background & Key challenges
China is going through a period of high-speed growth of both
urbanization and motorization. The urban transport in major
cities has become one of the key issues of social-economic
development as well as urban functions in China.
70000 66558 60
59400 60667 62200
60000 56212 57706
54283 50
49.7
52376
50212 45.7 46.6
48064 43.9 44.9
50000 45906 41.8 43
43748 40.5 40
41608 39.1
39449 36.2 37.7
40000 37304 34.8
35174 33.4
30.5 31.9
29 30
30000
20
20000
10000 10
0 0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
城市人口（单位：万人） 城镇化率（单位：%）
In 2010,urbanization rate of China arrived 49.68%,about 19%
of the world’s urban population lives in China.

5. Mode split has been changing
l Bicycle share
declined 1.9%
annually;
l Car share
increased
1.1-1.2%
annually
l Public transport
share increased Mode
shi)
from
1986
to
2010
in
Beijing
0.5-1.1%
annually.

6. Public transport service capacity lags behind
social and economic development and transport
demand growth
Average share
全国平均分担率
17.53
rates l Low speed & low
punctuality
Population 10
人口100万以下城市
below 1million
l Poor comfort
Population
20
between 1 million
人口100∼300万城市
an 3million l Transfer
Population
人口300万以上城市
30
inconveniently
above 3 million
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
l Low coverage
Overall, PT share is below 20%, and service quality is low

7. The cost of the congestion problem is high
拥堵经济成本（JEC） 占收入比例
400 12.50% 13.00%
350 12.00%
9.10% 11.00%
300 375 9.10% 9.10% 10.00%
250 9.00%
200 7.10% 6.60% 8.00%
273.8
228.2 7.00%
150
4.60% 4.60% 6.00%
100 142.6 136.8
132.6 5.00%
50 4.00%
92.6 69.4
0 3.00%
北京 广州 上海 武汉 重庆 南京 成都 西安

8. Contents
n Background & Key challenges
n Strategic Actions

9. 2 Actions of Prioritizing Urban Public
Transport Development in China
Overall of Objectives n public transport
n To establish national integrated
transport networks u Integrated
n To decrease gap of development u efficient
between rural and urban area u safe
n To balance transport
u green
development with high quality
service of public transport u economical

10. Roles of different government in PT
n The city governments should act as
responsibility entity.
n The provincial level governments have the
monitoring and guiding responsibility.
n The national governments should issue the
law and policy.
n The governmental departments should
realize a fast and economic development by
both working individually and having close
cooperation together.

11. Action 1 Institutional reform 2008
Institutional reform at all levels for the
integration of urban transport development
MOB MOT
Building and house
Urban public
Post
civil aviation
transport
waterway
Highway

12. Action 1 Institutional reform 2008
Ministry of passenger and freight
Transportation transport
Ministry of
Finance Finance
Ministry of
Building & Urban master planning
Construction of rail transit plan &
urban and rural construction
Ministry of Public traffic safety and fleet
Security registration
Overall national economic and
NDRC social development, price control

13. Action 2 National public transport planning, 2010
Public transport development is included in "the 12th
five-year plan for national economy and social
development”, issued by the State Council.
u To implement priority development strategy of public transport,
and enhance public transport share
u To plan rail transit network scientifically, and push orderly rail
transit network construction
u To actively develop BRT system, and improve the density and
coverage of the line network
u To guide private car use, and advocate non-motor transport
u To integrate urban public transport and rural transport
development

14. Rail transit development plan
n Urban Metro system
ü 1471 km in operation by 2010, 3000 km in operation by 2015 .
p The lines to open is longer than that of the past 40 years.

15. BRT development plan
n BRT
ü By 2010: 514 km in operation
ü By 2015: 1000 km
60 55.30
50 47.00 45.80
运营线路总长 （公里）
40 33.70
30 23.77
20
13.80 12.40 12.34
10
0
北京 杭州 昆明 济南 常州 大连 合肥 重庆

16. Action 3 Urban Passenger Transport Standardization 2012
• National Technical Committee on Urban Passenger
Transport of Standardization Administration of China
safety &
Bus security
Infrastructure
BRT
Construction
Taxi
Rail
Rental car energy saving
Ferry emission
Operation …
Management reduction

17. Action 4 National Transit Metropolis Program2012
• Initiating action plan of the national transit metropolis, 30
pilot cities by 2015. Beijing, Shenzhan, Taiyuan,
Wuhan,Changsa,Nanjing,Wulumuqi,Zhengzou, Jinan,
Kunming,Chongqin,ect. 15 /25 Cities have been approved.
• MOT cooperated with local governments
• Monitoring the process by developing the tools of China
Urban Transport Database (CUTD)
v PT share rate: above 45%
Punctuality rate: 2%
v PT stop coverage in increased annually
Accidents: 2% decreased
downtown area: within
annually
300m, 95%
Bus depots entering:>90%
v Bus speed: >20km/hour
IC Card:>80%

18. Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public
Transport Development in China 2013
(Issued by the State Council No.〔2012〕64)
Transforming transportation development
pattern to take public transport as public good
1. Strength planning control
2. Speed up infrastructure construction
3. Enhance jointed transport & land
developments

19. Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public
Transport Development in China 2013
4. Increase government investment
ü PT is included in city public budget
ü Mass transit, integrated hub, Information Center
ü Free of Vehicle Purchase Tax (VPT)
ü Electronic subside of under rail, Fuel consumption
subside of bus
ü The value capture of integrated land development with
transportation
ü The income of staffs in PT company should be in creased
regularly, not less than city’s average income
5. Increase government finance
ü PPP, trust fund, private operators ect.

20. Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public
Transport Development in China 2013
6. Ensure road right priority
7. Encourage ITS
8. Improve ticket pricing mechanism
9. Set up the technique standardization system
10.Implement integrated transport management
Transport Demand management measures
including law, economic and administrative
tool such as Project traffic assessment

21. Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public
Transport Development in China 2013
11. Set up safety management regulation
12. Regulate decision making procedures
Public involvement such as road planning and pricing
changing
Reporting PT cost and server quality
13. Setup performance evaluating system
Development PT is the responsibility of local
government, Provincial Gov. is in charge of
surveillance and guides. Central Gov. made macro-
development policy, laws and regulations.

22. Future
Action 6 Urban Public Transport Law 2014
ü Keep
the
government
as
the
major
provider
of
public
transport
ü
Ensure
local
investment
and
land
acquirement
for
public
transport
ü Good
insGtuGonal
structure
and
cooperaGon
scheme
ü Decentralizing
some
of
the
power,
like
Local
TDM
l Rail transit
l Bus including suburb and city center
l Taxi
l Strategic planning
l Finance & regulations
l Institutional responsibility
l Market review & supervision

23. Future
Action 7 Proposed Develop Sustainable Finance
fuel tax highway
Route A waterway
vehicle purchase tax
(bus exception) …
fuel subsidy National public
Central transport fund
government
Transferring public service: Local
water supply
local education
public
government transport
… transport
public fund
Route B
• Land value
• Congestion fee
• Urban development and maintenance fee

24. Transport transfer from Central Gov. to Local Gov.
should including public transport
xx Yuan =（Length of highway (Km)× Cost
Yuan/ km×30%+Population×average cost (Yuan/
person)×20%+Number of counties× average cost of
expenditure of counties×10%+Number of cars
×average cost per car×10%+ area coverage× average
cost per ha×30%）×variation of land ”

25. o Changing low cost ticket price toward high
quality service of sustainable public transport
Govt. finance Costume company running
burden based service on debt
Ticket price for bus varies from 7 cent to 30 cent/ trip
Subside from cities government 0 to 14 billion depend
on the context of network and city finance capability

26. China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center,
CATS, Ministry of Transport, P. R. China
Ministry of
Ministry of Finance MOT Railways
Long distance transport
Highway construction
Urban Transport Policy
Bus
CUSTReC
waterway
Aviation
Rail
Civil
Post
Private car
Change on March， 2008
Taxi &
from MHCRC to MOT
The CoE functions as
A think tank to provide policy decision making and technical
support to the central, MOT and the local city level

27. THANK YOU
Jiangyulin@vip.sina.com
http://www.urbansustrans.cn

28. Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Co-organized by EMBARQ and The World Bank!
! More information at:!
! EMBARQ.org!
! worldbank.org/transport!
! Questions? Comments? Contact us at embarq@wri.org!
! Follow us on Twitter: @EMBARQnetwork!
Transforming Transportation 2013!