Electric bus technology is gaining popularity in Europe due to efforts to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Several cities, including London, have seen thousands of premature deaths per year due to poor air quality. London aims to transition to a zero-emission bus fleet by 2037. The electric bus market in Europe is growing rapidly, with orders increasing and market share projections showing electric buses will dominate by 2025-2030. Several European cities have pledged to transition their bus fleets to zero-emissions by certain dates. Battery technology continues to develop quickly, lowering costs and increasing range, though ensuring battery supply and mitigating risks like fires remain challenges.

2. Electric Bus Technology
Trends in Europe
BUS KARO, NEW DELHI
MIKE WESTON,
ADVISOR TO THE C40 CITIES FINANCE FACILITY
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3. Introduction
Agenda
• Why electric buses ?
• Air Quality – London Case Study
• Market Development & Trends in Europe
• North American Market
• Political Support & Direction
• Battery Development
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4. Why Electric Buses ?

5. Why Electric Buses
• Reducing Green House Gas Emissions – global warming
• Local Air Quality - estimated 4.5m premature deaths a year plus effects
many more with illnesses such as Asthma
• Improving Local Environment
– impact of noise pollution on health
• Bigger picture – congestion, promoting
public transport, walking, cycling etc
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6. Air Quality – London
Case Study

7. London Air Quality Case Study
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• Air Quality in London and many other European cities fails to
meet EU targets
• Nitrogen dioxide still exceeds European Union Limits
• An estimated 9,400 deaths in London attributed to poor air
quality
• Climate Change Agenda - Mayor has targeted 60% reduction in
CO2 by 2025 from 1990 levels
• Increasing public awareness

8. London Air Quality Plan
• Congestion Charge (2003) & Low Emission Zone (2008)
• Ultra Low Emission Zone (April 2019)
- impacts on all vehicles cars, taxis, buses and lorries
- Cars & Vans – Petrol Euro IV & Diesel Euro VI
- All double deck buses diesel hybrid
(Euro VI) standards
- All single deck buses zero emission
(electric or hydrogen)
April 5th,
2018 8

9. 9
Euro VI Diesel Technology

10. 10
UK Low emission bus performance (Source UK LowCVP )

11. Market Developments
and Trends in Europe

12. European ZeEUS Project
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13. Electric Bus Orders in Europe are increasing
fast (Source UITP)
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14. Market Share Projections by Technology in
Europe (Source UITP)
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15. E-bus suppliers in Europe
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16. North American
Market

17. North American Market
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• Driven by new start up company Proterra
and overseas supplier BYD
• Strong Political support especially in
California
• BYD opened manufacturing plant in
Lancaster, CA
• Established US manufacturers starting to
respond with own product
• Around 300 electric buses now in service
• LA Country - Electric Buses by 2025

18. Political Support and
Direction

19. City Decelerations
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• City decelerations – whilst challenging are
helping push deployments:
- London 100% by 2037
- Paris “Bus 2025” – 70% zero emission
- Brussels 100% by 2030
- Netherlands 100% by 2025
- LA County by 2030

20. C40 Green & Healthy Streets Deceleration
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We pledge to transition to Fossil-Fuel-Free Streets by:
1) procuring, with our partners, only zero-emission buses from 2025; and
2) ensuring a major area of our city is zero emission by 2030.
Cities Mayor’s signed up to deceleration:
Paris, London, Los Angeles, Copenhagen,
Barcelona, Vancouver, Mexico City,
Milan, Seattle, Quito, Cape Town and
Auckland

21. London’s Low Emission Roadmap
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22. Battery Development

23. Battery Development
• Rapid development in technology – weight, energy density & cost
• Different technologies for different strategies
- Fast Charging – up to 500kw, numerous cycles per day
- Depot/Overnight Charging – 40kw/80kw, one charge cycle per day
• Battery size for type of operation – opp charge smaller batteries/less weight
increased passenger capacity
• Warranty – length/who takes the risk ?
• Bloomberg New Energy Finance Report commissioned by C40 – examines
future trends in battery prices.
Electric Buses in Cities driving towards Cleaner Air (April 2018)
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24. Battery Development – Potential
Challenges
• Will improvements in battery technology make Opportunity Charging Redundant ?
• Supply Chain Issues – for example availability and demand for Lithium,
• Impact of Demand Surge – will global demand for electric vehicles drive up costs
• Battery Fires – mitigation measures, fire suppression systems, procedures etc
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25. Summary
• Demand increasing significantly across Europe and other regions
• Cities/PTOs driving policy with Clean Bus Declarations, Roadmaps etc
• Public funding still required to facilitate uptake of pure electric buses
• Need to closely watch battery development
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26. Thank you!