This topic include the procedure to calculate the cephalometric analysis of patient, easy to read

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Dr.SURESH KUMAR.K
Dept of Orthodontics and Dentofacial
Orthopedics
S.B. Patil intitute for Dental Sciences and
Research

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CONTENTS
DOWNS ANALYSIS
STEINERS ANALYSIS
TWEEDS ANALYSIS
WITS APPRAIASAL

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1899 -1966

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1947, variation in facial relationships:
their significance in treatment prognosis.
2 fold purpose: to appraise the pattern of
facial skeleton exclusive of teeth and the
relation of teeth and alveolar processes to
the facial skeleton.

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Downs noted that the position of
mandible could be used to determine
whether or not faces were balanced.
His observation were classified into 4
basic facial types.

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DOWNS ANALYSIS
CONTROL MATERIAL- 20 WHITE
SUBJECTS
AGE GROUP- 12 TO 17 YRS
MATERIAL USED- DENTAL CASTS,
MODELS, PHOTOGRAPHS AND
CEPHALOMETRIC AND INTRAORAL
RADIOGRAPHS

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SKELETAL PATTERN:
1. FACIAL ANGLE
2. ANGLE OF CONVEXITY
3. AB PLANE
4. MANDIBULAR PLANE ANGLE
5. Y AXIS

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N
Pog
FACIAL ANGLE

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USED TO MEASURE THE DEGREE OF
PROTRUSION OR RETRUSION OF LOWER
JAW.
MEAN READING- 87.8
RANGE - 82 TO 95

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N
A
Pog
ANGLE OF CONVEXITY

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USE: MEAURES THE DEGREE OF
MAXILLARY BASAL ARCH AT ITS
ANTERIOR LIMIT RELATIVE TO TOTAL
FACIAL PROFILE.
READ AS NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE
RANGE- -8. 5 TO +10 ;MEAN - O

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A
B
N
Pog
A-B PLANE

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IT MEASURES THE ANTERIOR LIMIT OF
APICAL BASES TO EACH OTHER RELATIVE
TO FACIAL LINE
USUALLY NEGATIVE IN VALUE
RANGE O TO 9; MEAN -4. .6

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MANDIBULAR PLANE ANGLE

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MANDIBULAR PLANE ANGLE
ACCORDING TO DOWNS- TANGENT TO
GONIAL ANGLE AND LOWEST POINT ON
SYMPHYSIS
HIGH ANGLE SUGGESTS
HYPERDIVERGENT FACIAL PATTERN
RANGE 17 TO 28,MEAN -2 1.9

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Y AXIS

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Y AXIS
INDICATES DEGREE OF DOWNWARD
REARWARD AND FORWARD POSITON OF
CHIN IN RELATION TO UPPER FACE.
GREATER HORIZONTAL PATTERN,
VERTICAL GROWTH PATTERN.
RANGE – 55 TO 66; MEAN 59.4

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DENTAL PATTERN:
1. CANT OF OCCLUSAL PLANE
2. INTER INCISAL ANGLE
3. INCISOR OCCLUSAL PLANE
ANGLE
4. INCISOR MANDIBULAR PLANE
ANGLE
5. PROTRUSION OF MAXILLARY
INCISORS.

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CANT OF OCCLUSAL PLANE
ORIGINALLY, DEFINED AS THE LINE
BISECTING THE OVERLAPPING CUSPS OF
FIRST MOLARS AND THE INCISAL
OVERBITE.
RANGE -1.5 TO + 14 ,MEAN- +9.3

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INTERINCISAL ANGLE
IT IS ESTABLISHED BY PASSING A LINE
THROUGH THE APEX OF ROOT OF
MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR CENTRAL
INCISORS.
MEAN – 135.4; RANGE - 130– 150

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INCISOR OCCLUSAL PLANE ANGLE
THIS RELATES THE LOWER
INCISORS TO THEIR FUNCTIONING
SURFCE ON OCCLUSAL PLANE.
RANGE - +3.5 TO + 20 MEAN – 14.5

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INCISOR MANDIBULAR PLANE
ANGLE

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INCISOR MANDIBULAR PLANE ANGLE
ANGLE IS POSITIVE WHEN THE
INCISORS ARE TIPPED FORWARD
ON THE DENTURE BASE.
MEAN - - 8. 5 TO +7 MEAN 1.4

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PROTRUSION OF MAXILLARY
INCISORS
INDICATES AMOUNT OF
MAXILLARY DENTAL
PROTRUSION.
MEAN- +2.7

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1869 - 1989

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INTRODUCED IN THE YEAR – 1953
COMPOSITE ANALYSIS.
MAX CLINICAL INFORMATION
FROM MIN VALUES

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REFERENCE PLANE – SN PLANE
COLOR CODING.
SERIAL RADIOGRAPHS.

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STEINERS
ANALYSIS
SKELETAL
ANALYSIS
DENTAL
ANALYSIS
SOFT TISSUE
ANALYSIS

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MAXILLA
MEAN - 82
SKELETALANALYSIS

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MANDIBLE
TO KNOW
WHETHER
MANDIBLE IS
PROTRUSIVE
OR
RETRUSIVE.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEEN MAXILLA
AND MANDIBLE
IT GIVES AGENERAL IDEA OF
DISCREPENCY OF MAXILLA AND
MANDIBLE.
MEAN- 2

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A N B ANGLE.

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OCCLUSAL PLANE
DRAWN THROUGH THE REGION OF
OVERLAPPING CUSPS OF FIRST
PREMOLARS AND FIRST MOLARS.
MEAN- 14

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MANDIBULAR PLANE
MEAN – 32
EXCESSIVELY HIGH OR LOW
MANDIBULAR PLANE ANGLE
SUGGESTS UNFAVORABLE
GROWTH PATTERN.

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MAXILLARY INCISOR POSITION
4 mm IN FRONT OF
THE LINE
22 ANGLE
DENTALANALYSIS

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MANDIBULAR INCISOR POSITION
INDICATES RELATIVE AXIAL
INCLINATION OF THE TEETH.
4MM LINEARLY AND 22
ANGULATION

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INTER INCISAL ANGLE
RELATES RELATIVE PROTRUSION
OF UPPER INCISORS TO THAT OF
LOWER.
THE ANGLE IS 130

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LOWER INCISOR TO CHIN
IDEALLY, ACCORDING TO
HOLDAWAY THE DISTANCE
BETWEEN LABIAL SURFACE OF
LOWER INCISOR TO THE NB LINE
SHOULD BE EQUAL.

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SOFT TISSUE ANALYSIS
IT IS A GRAPHIC RECORD OF THE
VISUAL OBSERVATIONS MADE IN
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF
PATIENT.

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MONONORMATIVE ANALYSIS
DEVELOPED BY CHARLES TWEED.
ALSO POPULARLY KNOWN AS
TWEEDS DIAGNOSTIC TRIANGLE.

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ITS MADE UP OF 3 PLANES AND 3
ANGLES
3 PLANES ARE-
FRANKFURT PLANE
MANDIBULAR PLANE
A LINE PASSING THROUGH THE
LONG AXIS OF LOWER CENTRAL
INCISOR.

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THE ANGLES
FMA:
RANGE – 20 TO 30
16 – 28 GOOD PROGNOSIS
28 - 35 FAIR
ABOVE 35 BAD

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FMIA: 65 -70
CLASS 1 – 65; CLASS 2- 70
IMPA: 85 TO 95; NORMAL - 90

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KESLING’S FORMULA:
IF FMA VALUE DECREASES BELOW 25
THE MANDIBULAR INCISORS ARE TO BE
PLACED LABIALLY BY +1 FOR EVERY
DEGRE DECREASE IN FMA VALUE.
+5 IS THE MAXIMUM LIMIT LABIALLY.
-8 IS FOR MAX LINGUAL POSITIONING
AT FMA OF 33.

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THE OBJECTIVES
1. TO DETERMINE THE POSITION THE
LOWER INCISOR SHOULD OCCUPY AT
THE END OF TREATMENT.
2. DR. TWEED ESTABLISHED A
PROGNOSIS ON THE TREATMENT
RESULT, BASED ON CONFIGURATION
OF TRIANGLE

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THE PURPOSE OF WITS APPRAISAL
IS TO IDENTIFY INSTANCES IN
WHICH THE ANB READING DOES
NOT ACCURATELY REFLECT THE
EXTENT OF ANTEROPOSTERIOR
JAW DYSPLASIA

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BIBILOGRAPHY
ORTHODONTIC CEPHALOMETRY
ATHANASIOS E ATHANASIOU
RADIOGRAPHIC CEPHALOMETRY-
ALEXANDER JACOBSON
SALZMANN-ROENTOGRAPHIC
CEPHALOMETRICS IN PRACTISE
OF ORTHODONTICS

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MOYERS-ANALYSIS OF FACIAL
SKELETONIN HANDBOOK OF
ORTHODONTICS
ENLOW HANDBOOK OF FACIAL
GROWTH
RAKOSI AN ATLAS AND MANUAL
OF CEPHALOMETRIC
RADIOGRAPHY

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