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Introduction to Restoring Sanctuary
1. Introduction to
Restoring Sanctuary
Part 1
Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes, Executive Director AllCEUs Counselor Continuing Education
Podcast Host: Counselor Toolbox
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2. Based in part on…
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3. Objectives
Review types of trauma
Define sanctuary
Explore where to create sanctuary
Identify why sanctuary is important to change
Learn about the impact of trauma
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4. Types of Trauma--Individual
Physical, emotional or sexual abuse victim or witness (At home, in the
community, at school…)
Neglect
Household member with addiction or significant mental illness
Gaslighting
Accident, illness, medical procedure, birth trauma (Medical trauma)
Historical trauma
Natural and man made disasters
Forced displacement
Military or community violence
Traumatic grief or separation (death, jail, divorce)
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4
Client, staff,
organization
5. Trauma and the Organization
An estimated 70 percent of adults in the United
States have experienced a trauma (employees, caregivers,
providers…)
This means that traumatized individuals who are likely
reenacting their own trauma dynamics are the ones
running the environments in which people are
supposed to recover from trauma.
Organizations are living, adaptive systems which are
vulnerable to stress, particularly chronic stress.
Organizations can be traumatized and the result of
traumatic experience can be devastating
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5
6. Types of Trauma--Organization
Physical, emotional or sexual abuse primary or secondary
victimization
Neglect (Senior management not providing necessary tools,
resources, safety)
Team members or clients with addiction or significant mental
illness
Gaslighting
Historical trauma
Natural and man made disasters
Forced displacement (Transfers, program closing, terminations)
Community violence (Bad reputation in the community)
Traumatic grief or separation (death, jail, divorce)
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6
7. Symptoms that Cope with Violence
Aggression (verbal and physical)
Self-injurious behavior (cutting, addictions, eating
disorders)
High risk behaviors
“Antisocial” behaviors
“Borderline” behaviors
Creating drama and chaos
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When a person feels
unsafe physically,
emotionally,
cognitively, morally
or interpersonally
(rejection) what
function do these
behaviors serve?
In what way might
these behaviors be
the result of
ingrained learning?
8. Impact of Trauma
Issues of exposure to trauma and adversity in
childhood were central to the development of most
mental illness
Early attachment determines how people interpret
and interact with the world
Biological (stress, hypocortisolism, sleep difficulty)
Emotional (triggers and regulation, inability to grieve and
anticipate the future)
Cognitive (attitude, perception, schemas, efficacy (concrete
operational and egocentric))
Social (empathy, trust, communication, boundaries,
difficulty with authority)
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9. Impact of Trauma
Behavioral Urges, Knowledge, Emotion,
Physiological reactions (UKEP)
Are stored and assimilated or accommodated
Can be recalled
When exposed to highly stressful situations the
brain is flooded with neurochemicals that make it
difficult to remember and integrate what is going
on
Poorly integrated UKEP can cause hypervigilance, body
memories, flashbacks
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10. Impact of Trauma
Failure to integrate experiences leads to
Adaptive coping which leads to
Habit formation
Symptoms/Clinically significant distress
Like assembling a piece of furniture and having 6
parts left over.
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11. Why Sanctuary is Important to Change
The impact of traumatic experience is so
profound because it tends to freeze children in
time, trapping them in a seemingly endless
feedback loop of destructive repetition that is
conveyed from one generation to the next via
disruptions in attachment relationships
The focus of attention changes from exclusively
trying to control the child’s behavior – or
misbehavior to the true complexity of the child’s
dynamics and injuries
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12. Creating Sanctuary
Refers to the shared experience of creating and
maintaining safety within any social environment
Home
School/Work
Hospitals/Clinics
Doctors Offices
Public Buildings
Correctional and Court Systems
Child Welfare
Neighborhoods
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How can we, as
organizations do this?
13. Necessary Skills
Safety and self care. (You deserve it)
Give examples of poor safety skills as a result of trauma exposure
Emotion regulation and distress tolerance
Cognitive (Attitude, perception/perspective, schema
evaluation, self-efficacy, problem solving)
How does trauma impact this area?
Communication (Mindfulness, assertiveness, boundary setting)
Give examples of problems with communication resulting from trauma.
Judgement skills (Mindfulness, tuning in, problem solving)
In what ways is judgment impaired as a result of trauma?
Grieving and envisioning
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13
How might a lack of
these skills lead to
symptomatic
behaviors?
14. Summary
There are many different types of trauma
Organizations, like people can be organized
around crisis and create trauma for employees as
well as for clients
Many presenting symptoms in clients and crisis
organized organizations can be traced back to
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15. Introduction to
Restoring Sanctuary
Part 2
Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes, Executive Director AllCEUs Counselor Continuing Education
Podcast Host: Counselor Toolbox
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 15
16. Objectives
Review types of trauma
Define sanctuary
Explore where to create sanctuary
Identify why sanctuary is important to change
Learn about the impact of trauma
Learn how to assess the individual and organization
for symptoms of trauma
Identify the Sanctuary commitments
Discover how to use the SELF model for interpreting
individual and organizational behavior
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17. Assessing the Organization
What evidence do you see of these things in yourself,
colleagues, providers as the result of trauma exposure?
Biological (stress, hypocortisolism, sleep difficulty)
Emotional (triggers and regulation, inability to grieve and
anticipate the future)
Cognitive (attitude, perception, schemas, efficacy (concrete
operational and egocentric))
Social (empathy, trust, communication, boundaries, difficulty with
authority)
In what way do these symptoms compound stress or
recreate trauma for people who have been traumatized?
In what ways do these things impact the organization?
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18. Organizational Evaluation
What evidence do you see of these things in your
organization?
Loss of basic safety and trust (S)
Loss of emotional management (E)
Inability to deal with loss (L)
Inability to resolve/integrate experiences for a growth
opportunity (F)
Problems with cognition, perception and problem solving
Communication issues
Problems with authority
Confused sense of justice
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18
In what way do these
symptoms compound stress
or recreate trauma for
people who have been
traumatized?
In what ways do these
things impact the
organization?
19. Assessing the Organization
Crisis-driven organizations
Sacrifice communication, feedback loops, participatory
decision making and complex problem-solving due to
chronic stress
Shift to an increasingly hierarchical, top-down control
structure that discourages creativity, innovation and
risk-taking resulting in an inability to manage
complexity” (Bloom, 2005)
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20. Impact on the Organization
Chronic stress Chronic crisis Lack of safety and
basic trust Loss of emotional management
Communication breaks down Conflict increases
Repetition of failed strategies Learned helplessness
Loss of critical thinking Silencing of dissent
Increased authoritarianism Unresolved issues and
demoralization
How do people feel within these environments?
In what ways does this parallel prior toxic
experiences?
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21. Behavioral Evaluation
S=In what ways did the person not feel safe
How could he/she be helped to feel safe
E=What vulnerabilities, triggers/re-enactment
stimuli, or skill deficits led to inability to effectively
identify emotions in self and others and effectively
regulate personal emotions and behaviors?
What needs to happen to scaffold emotional management?
L= In what ways did this event represent a loss or a
recapitulation of a loss? (Safety, love, power/control)
F= What does this person need to be able to restore
hope, purpose and empower positive change?
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23. Sanctuary Perspective
What happened to you instead of what is wrong
with you.
More time focusing on the solution than the
problem
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24. What are the Benefits of Sanctuary
Improved communication
Improved social skills and relationships
Decreased violence
Improved judgment and problem solving
Fewer symptoms of trauma
Improved job/work/school performance
Organizational
Reduced turnover
Improved morale
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25. Sanctuary Commitments
Nonviolence—Physical and Verbal (Trust)
Helping to build safety skills and a commitment to
higher goals
From hostile environments (including microaggressions)
to hospitality (physical, social, moral, and
psychological safety)
Refusal to retaliate with physical or psychological
violence
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society
26. Sanctuary Commitments
Emotional Intelligence (Seeing Patterns, affect
management)
Capability of individuals to
Recognize their own emotions and those of others
Discern between different feelings and label them(and
their causes) appropriately
Use emotional information to guide thinking
Leaders understand that a key part of their job is to
recognize, contain, and manage emotions in their
organization
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society
27. Sanctuary Commitments
Social Learning (Constantly learning, problem solving)
Learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and
modeling healthy interactions
From top-down directing to a “living-learning”
environment
Everyone – clients, staff, leaders – is expected to learn
and contribute to the learning of others all the time
Become aware of, articulate, and unlearn established
patterns and routines (What are some toxic routines at
your agency? That you have?)
Adapts to changing conditions
Values everyone in the learning environment
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society
28. Sanctuary Commitments
Open Communication (Maintaining a flow of ideas)
Helping to overcoming barriers to healthy communication,
reduce acting-out, enhance self-protective and self-
correcting skills, teach healthy boundaries
Organizational and interpersonal transparency (Know the
whys and eliminate ulterior motives)
Everyone communicates directly and, as much as possible,
using words to convey what they mean
Leaders not only practice the ability to handle dissent when
it occurs but to actually search for it.
How is this done in an organization? In therapy? In parent-
child relationships?
What are the organizational “undiscussables”?
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society
29. Sanctuary Commitments
Social Responsibility (Common goals and focus)
Helping to rebuild social connection skills, establish healthy
attachment relationships
Develop a commitment to balancing individual rights and
responsibilities with the rights and responsibilities of the
community instead of the “reciprocity rule” (react as the
other did, and expect the other to do as you did) to
Distributive justice (how resources are allocated) –
Procedural justice (principles that govern decision making
processes, rewards and punishments)
Interactional justice (how one person treats another)
Shared ethical principles
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society
30. Sanctuary Commitments
Democracy (Importance of each person’s
contribution)
Helping to create civic skills of self-control, self discipline,
and administration of healthy authority
Communicating that everyone’s participation as a personal
responsibility
Tools needed for democratic participation
Expressing oneself
Deeply listening to others
Conflict management
Compromise
Self-control, self-discipline, self-respect
Respect for others
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society
31. Sanctuary Commitments
Growth and change (Vision to propel innovation)
Helping to restore hope, meaning, purpose and
empower positive change
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society
32. SELF
The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
Safety: Maintaining safety in self, relationships, and
environment
Self Protection
Self Knowledge
Self Esteem
Self Efficacy
Self Discipline
Self Control
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33. SELF
The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
Emotions:
Identifying feelings
Modulating affect in response to memories, persons,
events
Trading actions for words
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34. SELF
The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
Loss: Feeling grief and dealing with personal losses
Grieving
Saying goodbye/integration
Refraining from re-enactment
Moving on
Feeling grief and dealing with personal losses
What losses did the person experience or were triggered
as a result of this experience?
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35. SELF
The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
Future:
Trying out new roles, ways of relating and behaving as a
“survivor” to ensure personal safety and help others
Learn ways of relating and behaving as a “survivor” to
ensure personal safety and help others
Enhance vision of the future
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36. Summary
Trauma takes many forms and represents a sense of a loss
of safety
Sanctuary can be created in the home, community and
organization
Sanctuary helps people become aware of the function of
their behaviors and break unhelpful re-enactment cycles
Organizations are susceptible to trauma and can
retraumatize individuals
The SELF model helps people interpreting individual and
organizational behavior in terms of its impact on safety,
emotional regulation, sense of loss and hope for the
future.
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37. Services Provided by the Sanctuary Institute
The Implementation of the Sanctuary Model is executed through
a combination of trainings and consultations provided by the
Sanctuary Institute Faculty members that move organizations
through a series of steps to align the practices and attitudesof an
organization toward a trauma-informed perspective.
Sarah Yanosy, LCSW, Director of the Sanctuary Institute
Andrus Children’s Center
1156 North Broadway Yonkers, NY 10701
Phone: 914‐965‐3700 x1117
Email: syanosy@jdam.org
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